Home – Home – Jornals – Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics 2024 number 8

The paper presents data from a comprehensive study of granitoids identified in the Mayorka intrusion that is located in the western part of the Altai Mountains. It is shown that the massif is composed of rocks of four intrusive phases, the age of these rocks ranges from 391 to 372 Ma, and the intrusion of the main volume of granitoids dates back to a relatively short interval of 386-384 Ma. The massif contains rocks of two geochemical types. The first type is differentiated calc-alkaline granite-leucogranites with near-clark contents of high-field-strength elements and rare earth elements: ɛ_Nd( T ) = + 4.3…+ 4.5 and δ¹⁸O V-SMOW = +10.7…+11.2 ‰. The second is alkaline and moderately alkaline A-type alyaskites, strongly enriched in high-field-strength elements and rare earth elements, having ɛ_Nd( T ) + 5.3 and δ¹⁸O V-SMOW = +11.6 ‰. Granitoids of the first group are of crustal source, while the rocks of the second group contain a significant portion of mantle material. The near-simultaneous introduction of these melts to the level of formation of the intrusion causes their interaction and the formation of hybrid magmas. Low crystallization temperatures of granitoids (<700 °C) and the presence of syngenetic melt and fluid inclusions in most rock varieties indicate a high fluid saturation of the melts. The abundance of leucogranites, whose geochemical characteristics cannot be explained from the standpoint of shallow differentiation of primary magmas, indicates the leading role of fluid-magmatic interaction processes in the formation of high-silica magmas.

We summarize the results of geological, geochronological and petrochemical studies of the intrusive complexes of West Sayan, and on their basis analyze the scales, formation sequence, petrochemical characteristics and geodynamic environments of the formation of granitoid and gabbroid complexes. Geochronological data indicate that the formation of intrusive complexes (granitoids and gabbroids) of West Sayan ranged within 580-370 Ma at several age levels and in various geodynamic environments: island-arc - 580-570, 550-520 Ma, accretion-collision - 505-450 Ma, transform-shear of continental margins - 440-430 Ma, and active continental margin - 425-370 Ma. According to petrochemical characteristics, we distinguish the rocks of tholeiitic, calc-alkali and subalkaline series among the studied granitoid complexes. The study of xenogenic zircons from granitoid and gabbroid complexes indicate the age range of 650-440 Ma. Several age clusters are distinguished (~ 645, ~ 570, 555-520, 505-475, 455-440 Ma); this indicates heterogeneous composition of the West Sayan crust and participation of the Late Riphean, Vendian - Early Cambrian and Ordovician crust sources in granite formation.

We present results of studies of inclusions in secondary sulfates (antlerite and a mixture of copiapite and coquimbite) and arsenates (erythrite and picropharmacolite) formed on the surface of technogenic bodies, such as stored waste from the enrichment of sulfide (Belovo and Ursk waste heaps) and arsenide (disposal maps of the Tuvakobalt plant) ores. A wide range of components were identified in the gas-liquid inclusions, the main ones being water and carbon dioxide. Hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing organic compounds, and nitrogen- and sulfur-containing gases were found in smaller but measurable amounts. Arsine H₃As was also detected in inclusions in picropharmacolite (calcium and magnesium arsenate-arsenite). The gas-liquid inclusions in secondary minerals reflect the composition of the interporous space in the waste body, filled with particular atmospheric gases entering the body in free form and with seasonal precipitation. The combination of in situ generated and penetrating gases determines the diversity of inorganic and biotic interactions in technogenic bodies. The presence of hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing organic compounds is, most likely, associated with bacterial transformations of organic matter (residual vegetation, wood, microalgae, and fungi). At the same time, carbon disulfide and sulfur dioxide are indicators of active inorganic reactions of decomposition of the sulfide matrix.

The main types of reservoir rocks have been identified within the Bazhenov-Abalak complex. To assess the geological resources of hydrocarbons, it is proposed to formally divide the entire set of lithological rock types comprising the Bazhenov-Abalak complex into two main varieties: fluid seals and reservoirs. We argue that it is possibile to distinguish between potentially productive and productive rocks, represented by siliceous and carbonate varieties, according to logging data. A possible mechanism for the formation of reservoir rocks within the Bazhenov-Abalak complex as a result of the tectonic-hydrothermal impact on these deposits has been reconstructed. An original methodology for identifying perspective zones of various categories of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Bazhenov-Abalak complex through integrating seismic data and tectonophysical modeling carried out on their basis has been proposed. For example, an assessment of the predicted geological resources of hydrocarbons contained in the Bazhenov-Abalak complex within the limits of 3D seismic exploration of the Yem-Yegovskaya area has been carried out. The necessity of assessing the prospects for oil content and calculating the predicted geological resources of hydrocarbons in the whole Bazhenov-Abalak complex, and not only in the Bazhenov Formation, is substantiated, based on a single mechanism of formation of reservoir rocks of tectonic-hydrothermal origin in them.

We have compiled maps of areal isotope composition changes and constructed graphs of gas HC distribution depending on the stratigraphic age of the host rocks and graphs of isotope composition changes depending on the depth of sampling to study the hydrocarbon potential of the deep-seated oil and gas pools of the South Caspian Basin. The genesis of gas was studied using the techniques elaborated by M. Schoell and A. James. Two stages of hydrocarbon formation have been established by study of various kinds of gas manifestation. The first stage (Miocene-Eocene) began in the deposits underlying the Productive Series and continued up to the deposits of the latter. This stage was characterized by a frequent change in the directions of both downward and upward movements of gases. The second stage of hydrocarbon formation (Anthropogene-Pliocene) began in the deposits of the Productive Series and was characterized by a change in the regional geodynamic setting. Avalanche sedimentation and the predominance of downward movements over upward ones favored the accumulation of thick sediments at the time when the Productive Series formed. The sedimentation and tectonic processes (downwarping) in the deep-water zone of the basin led to harsh thermobaric conditions in the sedimentary strata. A detailed analysis of the results of gas survey in the deep-water zone of the South Caspian Basin has shown gas generation with a predominance of two components, methane and ethane. Study of the trends of temporal and areal hydrocarbon migration and of the areas of oil and gas generation makes it possible to reveal structures with evidence for large and giant hydrocarbon reserves. We have established that gas hydrocarbons in the bottom and upper-section sediments of the southern Caspian Sea are intimately related to the sources of hydrocarbons, their migration, and other processes running in the deep-seated sediments and in the upper section.

The three-dimensional dynamic problem solution of the theory of elasticity as it applies to modeling of all types of seismic waves propagating in real geological media is considered. The elements of the 3D forward modeling algorithm based on the spectral element method (SEM) for the numerical solution of the problems posed are presented. The SEM’s main characteristics (high order spatial discretization, explicit time integration scheme) and its advantages are compared with the classical finite element method (FEM). Distinctive features of massively parallel implementation of this algorithm on NVidia’s GPU using CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) are considered. The efficiency of parallelization on hybrid systems at different orders of SEM and parameters of the numerical scheme of time integration is analyzed. Results of solving a three-dimensional problem of modeling seismic wave propagation in a heterogeneous geological medium with faults and strongly varying (vertically and horizontally) properties of the investigated layers are presented. A highly detailed digital geological model constructed for one of the petroleum fields in the Arctic region using Petrel, the world’s most popular geological modeling tool, is used as input datasets. The problem was solved on a mesh of hexahedral elements in 3D to perform efficient SEM calculations in the CAE Fidesys software developed earlier with the authors participation for engineering simulations (strength analysis, etc.). The derivation of the model was based on the typical seismogeological conditions of Western Siberia so that the modeling allows investigating look-ahead capabilities of numerous seismic exploration methods for an in-depth study of major oil-and-gas-bearing complexes in this region. The prospects of model implementation for other candidate regions with different geological structure are equally promising. Outputs of the full-waveform seismic modeling is stored in the standard SEG-Y format currently widely used worldwide in industry for seismic data processing. The obtained synthetic seismograms and seismic wave fields are analyzed. The practical significance of the conducted research whose results can be utilized in the future for solving a wide range of applied tasks for regions with different geological conditions is deduced.

This work is set out to summarize, analyze and revisit results of the geothermal studies carried out in Northeast Russia. A catalog of measured heat flow values has been compiled, and on its basis a map of the region’s heat flow distribution has been constructed. Geodynamic activity of the tectonic structures in Northeast Russia, their thermal regime in which the heat flow is a critical indicator, is largely determined by the interaction between the Eurasian and North American lithospheric plates and smaller-order plates located in the northeastern part of the Asian continent. The areas of interaction between the Eurasian and North American lithospheric plates are marked by the Arctic-Asian seismic belt, which is characterized by intense orogenesis, modern volcanism, active seismicity, diverse geothermal regimes, and large heterogeneity of measured heat flow values. On the Chukotka Peninsula, the helium isotope method was used to estimate heat flow values. It is proposed to consider the class of geodynamic activity of tectonic structures as one of the factors of the geothermal regime.

For the territory of the Middle Urals segment, a high-resolution grid density model of the upper part of the lithosphere was constructed (grid step is 500 m) to the depth of 80 km - the first regional level of isostatic compensation. The spatial framework of density sections serves as the basis for a three-dimensional (3D) interpolated density model - an initial approximation model. The corrections to the density model of the initial approximation are found from the solution of the linear inverse gravimetry problem of practically meaningful correctness sets of density equivalents. The fairly thin horizontal layers of the grid density model are selected as such sets. The method and technology to calculate 3D density distribution with reference to 2D data along reference seismic sections are embedded in the methodology for quantitative interpretation of potential fields with the construction of 3D geophysical models. The relief of the internal boundary surfaces of the upper, middle and lower crust is compared to the structural scheme of tectonic zoning along the surface of the basement. To construct tectonic schemes, lithostatic pressure anomalies are also used; they are calculated from a general integral characteristic - the mass of density columns from the earth’s surface to a given depth. Anomalies of lithostatic pressure for each layer of a 3D grid density model are proportional to excessive density within the layer, so that a density model is easily converted into a lithostatic model. 3D anomalies of lithostatic pressure clearly configure the block structure of the earth’s crust at different depth sections. In the projection at the surface of the middle and lower crust, the contours of lithostatic anomalies correspond to the tectonic zoning scheme of the basement, built based on potential fields. A comparison of ‘block diagrams’ of density and lithostatic models is used to identify structural elements of different order of deep tectonic zoning at different depth sections.

This research focuses on analyzing landslides triggered by a moderate earthquake ( M_w = 4.9) in the northeastern region of the Mila province, which resulted in significant damage and economic losses in the El Kherba district and Grarem Gouga city. Through an extensive field-based investigation, a comprehensive inventory of landslides has been compiled. To assess the susceptibility to landslides triggered by seismic activity, a GIS-based fuzzy logic model was employed. The model incorporates various input factors, such as lithology, slope angle, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), distance from rivers and roads, precipitation, and seismic hazard, which is shown on a map. The study compares the performance of different fuzzy operators and gamma values and determines that using fuzzy gamma operators with a gamma value of 0.8 yields a satisfactory consistency with the distribution of landslides. Moreover, incorporating the map of seismic hazard as a causative factor enhances the accuracy of landslide susceptibility mapping. This study underscores the utility of the fuzzy logic model in disaster management and the planning of development activities.

An analytical model δ(sur) is suggested for nitrogen and oxygen shift coefficients of water vapor in the visible region. The model δ(sur) linearly depends on the broadening coefficient of a given line and fitted parameters. The analysis of the available experimental data on d coefficients for the near infrared and visible regions is performed. The model δ(sur) retrieves 486 nitrogen shift coefficients for lines from the range 13550-22590 cm^-1 with a mean square deviation of 6.0 × 10^-3 cm^-1/atm and oxygen shift coefficient for lines from the range 13550-14000 cm^-1 with a mean square deviation of 2.5 × 10^-3 cm^-1/atm.

Methane is one of key greenhouse gases, whose concentration has been increasing in recent decades. This leads to an increase in the temperature of the Earth's surface. To monitor the methane content in the atmosphere the accurate knowledge of the absorption spectrum of CH₄ molecule is required. In this work, the parameters of methane absorption lines broadened by atmospheric air pressure are presented in the spectral region 4345-4360 cm^-1. Data were obtained from spectra recorded at a Bruker IFS 125HR Fourier spectrometer with a spectral resolution of 0.005-0.01 cm^-1 at room temperature and five values of buffer gas pressure. Atmospheric transmission was simulated using the obtained results and the line parameters from HITRAN and GEISA spectroscopic databases. The comparison with measured atmospheric solar spectra shows that the use of the CH₄ absorption line parameters obtained in this work gives the best result in terms of root-mean-square deviation.

The article studies the influence of deviations from the Kolmogorov-Obukhov model in the spectra of refractive index fluctuations in a supersonic air flow on transmitted optical radiation. Analytical estimates of the statistical moments of the field and the results of numerical simulation of laser radiation propagation through a high-speed air flow generated during flowing around an aircraft are presented. The estimates of the coherence length and the relative dispersion of optical wave intensity fluctuations are compared. Consideration of deviations from the model of developed turbulence is shown to cause significant (several times) changes in the estimates of laser beam characteristics at a distance of several hundred meters. The results can be used to estimate radiation distortions under the turbulence effect in the optically active layer near the surface of supersonic aircraft on location and communication routes.

Experimental results and the analysis of the reasons for the transformation of spectral parameters of a femtosecond laser pulse propagating in atmosphere and in pure molecular nitrogen are presented. The experiment was carried out under aberration focusing conditions. It is shown that the main contribution to the anti-Stokes spectrum broadening is made by cascade parametric four-wave mixing initiated in the filamentation domain by stimulated Raman Stokes scattering on rotational transitions of nitrogen.

St. Petersburg is the second most populous city in the Russian Federation and the fourth in Europe. According to official statistics, ~ 5.6 million people live in the city permanently. In order to experimentally estimate greenhouse gas emissions from the territory of the St. Petersburg agglomeration, an original combined approach was developed and implemented during EMME-2019 and ЕММЕ-2020 observational campaign. The paper summarizes the results of mobile experiments in 2019 and 2020. It is shown that the period “March - early May”, chosen for the EMME campaigns, is optimal for estimating CO₂ emissions. It was found that the average values of anthropogenic additives caused by emissions from the territory of St. Petersburg are ~ 1.07 ppmv and ~ 6.61 ppbv for CO₂ and CH₄, respectively. Experimental estimates of specific greenhouse gas fluxes for the territory of the St. Petersburg agglomeration amounted to 72 kt × km^-2 × year^-1 CO₂ and 198 t × km^-2 × year^-1 CH₄ for six days of 2020 campaign; 80 kt × km^-2 × year^-1 CO₂ and 161 t × km^-2 × year^-1 CH₄ for 15 days of campaigns 2019 and 2020. The CH₄/CO₂ and CO/CO₂ emission ratios for St. Petersburg in March - early May 2020 averaged 6.4 and 5.7 ppbv/ppmv, respectively. Quarantine restrictions (COVID-19) affected the emission structure of St. Petersburg: a sharp decrease in transport activity led to a significant decrease in CO emissions from motor vehicles.

This article examines the northward advancement of the taiga as one of the consequences of global climate change. The objective of the publication is to explore new opportunities for the development of Siberia’s economy, as well as to systematize the key strategies for the economy’s adaptation to evolving conditions. The expansion of the taiga is increasing Russia’s forest resources. Its composition is altering: the proportion of larch and pine is decreasing, replaced by cedar, spruce, and mixed forests. These changes are also affecting the composition of wild animal populations and the structure of fish species in seas, rivers, and freshwater bodies. The author reviews previous research on this topic, systematizes, and integrates the results. We note a current lag between Russian (particularly Siberian) and global science in predicting climate change and its consequences, as well as in the development and application of the mathematical models used for forecasts. Another issue that needs addressing is the approach to the problem under study within public administration, which tends to focus solely on potential damage from climate change. The author argues that the northward movement of the taiga enhances opportunities for the development of the Russian economy.

The article presents a comprehensive approach to assessing the level of regional competitiveness. It outlines the main concepts of competitiveness assessment, leading to an approach that involves the use of localization coefficients, the analysis of structural shifts, and the evaluation of the openness of the regional economy by calculating import, export, and commodity exchange coefficients. These methods help identify the region’s advantages, which can serve as a foundation for improving its economic condition, because with accurate characteristics of the regional economy and knowing its strengths and vulnerabilities, it is possible to draw up a more precise development scenario for the region. Nizhny Novgorod Oblast was chosen as a case study to test this approach. The integrated approach results have been compared with the economic position indicators of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast in several rankings. Consequently, this comprehensive analysis of the competitive advantages of one region in the Russian Federation enables the identification of its flagship industries and potential areas for development.

This paper explores how hosting a sports mega-event in a small regional center affects the business environment for local entrepreneurs. Saransk, the capital of Mordovia and one of the host cities for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, is chosen as the case study. The research methodology combines statistical analysis with content analysis of in-depth interviews. The sports mega-event in question led to infrastructural transformations, changes in institutional conditions for doing business, and creating a competitive environment in local markets. Interviews with entrepreneurs and statistical data reveal that the tourism, hotel, and restaurant sectors benefited from the influx of foreign guests. However, long-term prospects are more closely tied to domestic tourism rather than international visitors. Hosting the 2018 FIFA World Cup brought Saransk not only sports and other infrastructure facilities but also heightened competition for local businesses, particularly evident in the accommodation and retail sectors. In recent years, local entrepreneurs have had to compete with both national and international companies that entered the Mordovian market in preparation for the World Cup.

This article examines social distancing as a process of social interaction among residents of Novosibirsk. The scientific and practical interest in this metropolis stems from its ranking as the fourth-highest city in terms of migrant inflow in Russia. Drawing on data from the ongoing sociological study “The State of the Social Situation, Interethnic and Interfaith Relations in Novosibirsk, " which has been conducted since 2018 using a multidimensional, stratified sampling model, the authors conclude that social distance in relations with migrants has increased in the city, alongside greater integration by nationality. The paper categorizes types of social interaction and proves that individuals who have personally experienced violations of their rights due to ethnicity see grounds for conflictual relationships and conflicts to a greater or lesser extent.

The article introduces an approach to studying migration determinants through the socio-psychological essence of this phenomenon. The authors propose viewing migration behaviors as outcomes arising from interactions between environmental factors and individual personality traits, conceptualized under the complex framework of motivational drivers of migration. A step-by-step methodology has been developed to identify these motivational drivers, aiming to pinpoint combinations of external factors and personal characteristics most strongly correlating with migration activity. This method incorporates various statistical techniques such as factor analysis, regression analysis, chi-square independence tests, cluster analysis, and decision trees. It was applied to priority geostrategic territories among young people in Russia’s Arctic Zone. Empirical data for the study were derived from a survey of8,600 individuals aged 16-35 residing in Arctic regions across nine constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The research identifies 10 motivational drivers influencing youth migration from Arctic regions, categorized into four groups: professional opportunities, educational prospects, climate and environmental factors, and social connections. The structural components of these motivational drivers are specified, and their significance is interpreted in depth. These findings enhance existing tools for analyzing migration processes by enabling the examination of complex configurations of motivational drivers, wherein environmental conditions and personality traits interact nonlinearly to influence migration decisions. Understanding these drivers of migration holds practical implications for effectively adjusting regional socio-economic and migration policies.

The research objective is to reveal the relationship between the quality of life in regions and the health-promoting behaviors of their populations. To achieve this, we have analyzed behavioral attitudes and the characteristics of potential choices related to health, examining the balance between the desire to be healthy and the specific actions taken to improve and maintain health across various groups of regions. This dimension of research highlights the resource mechanisms that facilitate health-promoting and longer lifespans, depending on regional conditions and quality of life. The study groups Russian regions based on their quality-of-life rankings. The empirical data is sourced from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey - Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE). The main method for testing the hypotheses involves checking statistically significant differences among respondents from different regional groups. Both objective indicators and subjective assessments of health status show higher levels in regions with high and relatively high quality of life. Analysis of health-promoting behaviors reveals that populations in regions with high and relatively high quality of life more frequently visit doctors and participate in preventive medical examinations. Men show less responsibility toward health-promoting matters than women, often postponing doctor visits and medical check-ups. The level of physical activity of any intensity is also higher among residents of regions with a high quality of life, and vice versa. In contrast, regions with relatively low quality of life exhibit a passive model of health-promoting behavior. An increase in the share of men choosing health-promoting strategies has a much stronger impact on life expectancy at birth. Addressing the issue of low male life expectancy in Russia involves popularizing healthy lifestyles, developing accessible infrastructure, and improving the organization of sports, physical culture, and preventive medical examinations.

The article investigates the factors influencing the development of socially oriented non-profit organizations (SO NPOs) in two Far Eastern regions: Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krais. The empirical basis of the study includes data from open sources such as registers of social service providers, ratings of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of support for SO NPOs by the Ministry of Economic Development and the RAEXagency, as well as expert interviews with managers and employees of non-profit organizations in Khabarovsk and Vladivostok, conducted in 2022. The results of the study show that the primary development vector of the non-profit sector of social services in the Far East is aimed at mobilizing its own resources and assisting social groups that do not receive the necessary services in the public sector. The ongoing transformation of the third sector is largely associated with structural changes in regional management and the rotation of managerial personnel at the level of individual entities. It is noted that under these conditions, there has been a significant reduction in the range and volume of state support, prompting non-profit organizations to seek alternative ways to maintain sustainability. Prospects for the development of SO NPOs are linked to the formation of a unified network of resource centers for SO NPOs in the Far Eastern Federal District and the development of a “road map " for the sector’s development. This plan involves addressing local NPO deficits by extrapolating successful practices of working with businesses, volunteer associations, and creating intra-sector partnerships for implementing social projects.

The article analyzes large-scale projects aimed at establishing a grid-like rail network in Siberia and the Russian Far East, aligning with a global trend. It focuses on meridional railway projects connecting the Tyva Republic (Tuva) with the Russian railway system. These projects explore the concept of creating a Eurasian transport corridor, which not only integrates the meridional and latitudinal elements of Russia’s rail network but also connects with China’s one through access to the Belt and Road Initiative megaproject transport corridor. The integration approach to the Tuvan transport problem emphasizes justifying the use of Russia’s resources for implementing regional railway projects based on their visible social effectiveness in contributing to the development of the Russian grid-like rail network. Three project connections through Mongolia to the Chinese railways are analyzed. The effectiveness of these options is assessed as a comparative category, evaluating the achievement of all-Russian strategy goals by different railway projects or their components. The study also supports the assessment procedures by software products ASPER 3 and GlobalD, jointly developed by the Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering SB RAS and the Siberian Transport University, Federal Agency for Rail Transport (Russia).

The article examines the development models chosen by post-Soviet Eurasian countries as they pursue modernization reforms. It highlights how they blend formal “westernization" in the political sphere with “substantive nationalization." Here we analyze the challenges of modernization in nation-building (including the incompatibility of religious and cultural traditions with secular political systems, risks from the introduction of super-powerful presidential authority, risks of political pluralism, issues in restructuring social governance systems, etc.). It is shown that modernization should not be seen merely as adopting a Western model focused on economic growth but should also aim for social development and social justice. The article also examines the construction of the strategic Belt and Road Initiative and its impact on the development of post-Soviet countries in the Eurasian macro-region, particularly through improving governance systems and jointly seeking new opportunities for development.

The issue of air pollution in Russian cities remains a significant challenge for the country’s socio-economic development. This article presents the results of a study on the factors contributing to atmospheric air pollution from stationary sources in municipalities of the Siberian Federal District from 2008 to the 2020s. Through econometric modeling of panel data, including control for potential endogeneity, we establish that the volume of shipped products and investment in fixed capital positively impact atmospheric air pollution. At this stage of municipal development, expenditures on environmental protection do not correlate with a reduction in pollution, suggesting a deficit in investment in environmental protection measures. An increase in the number of heat supply sources leads to higher emissions from stationary sources. The study reveals a gap in pollution levels between areas with different predominant industries and finds varying degrees of influence of these factors depending on the type and sectoral specialization of the municipality. Further research on the socio-economic causes of atmospheric air pollution at the municipal level is necessary to draft effective strategies for optimizing pollutant emissions as part of state environmental policy.

This article investigates the impact of climate change on the livelihoods of the rural population in the European North, specifically based on a sociological study conducted in the summer of 2022 in the Primorsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast. The paper presents data on climate change in the Primorsky District, showing that warming trends are altering the dynamics of dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena that affect the economy and society. In-depth interviews with rural residents revealed that the greatest threats to their livelihoods are strong (storm) winds, fog, thaws, floods, and changes in the timing of ice formation and ice drift. These hazardous natural and climatic phenomena negatively impact navigation, fishing, food and medical safety, and local infrastructure. The study assessed the vulnerability and adaptability of the local population to climate change. It found that villagers do not perceive climate change as the main threat to their livelihoods but view it through the lens of more pressing social and economic issues. Their adaptation to climate change is reactive, relying on traditional knowledge and skills. The results of this study can be used to develop regional strategies and measures for the adaptation of northern communities to climate change.

The implementation of participatory budgeting projects at the local level in the Russian Federation since 2007 has yielded visible results in effectively exercising the powers of local self-government bodies. Active local communities have emerged, becoming key players in generating and implementing management decisions by local authorities. Given the successful integration of participatory budgeting elements into municipal management, it is now feasible to consider scaling these procedures to the regional level of governance, integrating them into the activities of public authorities of the Russian Federation’s constituent entities. This raises the task of identifying the areas and methods for incorporating participatory budgeting mechanisms into regional authorities’ activities. This article describes the prerequisites for extending participatory budgeting mechanisms to the powers of public authorities and examines the procedures of participatory budgeting in regional management processes. The research findings can be used in developing approaches to coordinate sectoral strategic and program documents and prepare program documents for advancing participatory budgeting in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Introduction. A problem that has never received reflection in the history of the philosophy of education is considered. The fundamentality of science and education has always manifested itself a priori. The powerful force of metaphysics invited science and education to see truth in the foundations and in fundamental depth. Fundamentality requires the up-to-date philosophical reflection. The problem of the article is to find the content of the fundamentality of education that is relevant to modern times. A social theory based on the specifics of the post-metaphysical philosophy is a methodology for solving this problem. Since education, having a humanistic purpose, is designed to prepare a person not only in the profession, but also in culture as a whole, enriching him/her with life-preserving values, it also a priori manifests itself in the humanitarian paradigm, which is a necessary consequence of the reflexive conclusion of modern post-metaphysical philosophy, which has abandoned the reductions of the classical rationalist view. It enriches key trends of social envelopment with life-saving values. Discussion. The fundamentality of education is determined by sociocultural background of the era and the type of scientific thinking. The characteristics of the fundamentality, which correspond to different stages of history are considered. This helps to find the specifics of the modern approach to its definition. The development of the new forms of rationality that complement the strict logic of classical rationality is substantiated. Such forms are trusting, communicative, playful etc. Conclusion. Modern sociocultural changes require a need to redefine fundamentality of science and education. Fundamentality is characterized by not only logical foundations of science. It is characterized by the anthropological, cultural and social challenges. The function of education is to prepare a person, which is able to live in the conditions of modern social dynamics, uncertainty and instability. Today the science and education are no longer intrinsic values for the person. They have acquired the property of a commodity, and reason does not create the dignity of a person, but also has pragmatic characteristics. Therefore, fundamental education has become pragmatic. Modern sociocultural changes redefine the fundamentality of science and education. Fundamentality is defined through the concept of “educational knowledge”, which, according, to M. Cheller, not only characterizes the human mind, but becomes the being of a person, forming his/her spiritual and moral essence.

Introduction. Issues of social forecasting, as a rule, are considered relatively independently, partially, without their connection with the education of the population. However, the success of implementing even the best forecasts, strategies and plans ultimately depends on the subjects of educational activities. In order to carry out a comprehensive socio-philosophical analysis to identify the relationship between social forecasting and the creative activity of society and people, a systemic and philosophical methodology was applied. General social processes are analyzed from the positions of holism and partialism in the areas of forecasting and planning of the Russian educational system. Value-oriented approaches are proposed in the aspect of forming a new axiosystem of the Russian educational space. Discussion. The relationship between social foresight (forecasting, long-term and short-term planning, comprehensive implementation of strategy, tactics of social action) is revealed based on the axiological basis of society and the fundamental role of education. It is substantiated that achieving social progress and balance in society is impossible without the development and implementation of strategic programs to improve the education sector. The human problem is discussed as a key one in the development and implementation of any social strategy, since its implementation requires trained people. Each new creative generation in Russia is traditionally formed primarily by the education system. Conclusion. Issues of social forecasting should be considered holistically, in inextricable connection with the general axiosystem of the educational space. Only expanded groups of theorists and practitioners, as specially trained subjects, are capable of developing promising ideas, making social forecasts, and putting into practice the strategy and tactics of future social life.

Introduction. The actualization of historical and genealogical research is considered through the prism of the need for spiritual and moral enrichment of modern Russian society and reducing the level of conflict. The author suggests that genealogical research has an educational potential that determines the formation of historical consciousness of a person, which can become a prerequisite for integration processes in local and interethnic communities. Methodology. Consideration of the actualization of historical and cultural research is based on various interpretations of culture: as objectifying the essential forces of man (K. Marx, F. Engels); a set of stable intellectual elements that provide the memory of the world (A. Moles); the mechanism of social inheritance and the generalized way of life of the people (B. Malinowski, K. Kluckhohn); a superorganic universe, covering ideas, values, norms, their interaction and relationships (P. Sorokin), as well as the “I-concept” of D. Taylor, the concepts of the stages of formation of “historical consciousness” by E. I. Fedorinov. Discussion. Carrying out an analysis of the demand for the terms “ethnic consciousness”, “genealogical culture”, “historical consciousness”, the author comes to the conclusion that in the interpretation of E. I. Fedorinov, the latter absorbs the previous ones. A comparison of the levels of its formation with the stages that a genealogy specialist goes through in the process of his/her professional development demonstrates the functionality of the concept of “historical consciousness” and, to some extent, allows us to explain the specifics of a person’s choice of his/her position in interpersonal and interethnic interaction. Conclusion. As a result of the research, the author concludes that the formation of historical consciousness based on genealogical materials is important for the systematization of ideas about the history of the country through the embedding of historical and ancestral information in the general context of events. This becomes the key not only to self-identification, but also to the acceptance of the “Other,” which ultimately can have a positive impact on integration processes in local and interethnic communities.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the main trends in the development of educational policy in Mongolia in the post-Soviet period. Based on a comparison of three documents, namely the «Concepts of Educational Development in the Mongolian People’s Republic (1991)», «Appendices to the Resolution of the Great Khural of Mongolia №. 36 of 1995», «Resolution № 12 of the State Great Khural of Mongolia in 2015, “State Policy in the Field of Education” (2014-2024) », the reasons for changing trends in the educational policy of Mongolia are described. Critical assessments of the results of the implementation of its programs are presented. Methodology. The world-system approach (I. Wallerstein) is used as a methodological basis. Problems of education and the process of dissemination of educational patterns have been studied in the world-system paradigm since the 1980s. Discussion. Mongolia is actively integrating into the global system of division of labor and forming an education system in accordance with international standards after the collapse of the Soviet bloc. This gives rise to complex contradictions between the innovations being introduced and the desire to return traditional Mongolian culture as the basis of national identity. An analysis of the 1991 document showed that initially nation-building was planned in line with neo-traditionalism. However, difficult economic conditions and the existence of the danger of Chinese integration of Mongolia at the level of the external periphery did not allow these political ideas to be realized. In the 1995 document, the prevailing trend was orienting Mongolian education to international standards. As a result, the reform of Mongolian education in the next decade followed the model of countries with high incomes and sedentary populations, this did not correspond to the realities of Mongolia and caused increasing problems and contradictions. The 2015 document is based on the government’s attempt to involve initiatives «from below» in the development. As a result, the document is more focused on the interests of the local population, including the educational needs of children from pastoralist families. In general, however, the document has a clearly declarative character. Conclusions. The tendency observed in the educational policy of Mongolia to borrow educational patterns for the development of human capital is a forced compromise with the countries of the core of the world-system. The bias towards international models in the field of educational policy is recognized by the Mongolian scientific and pedagogical community. The question is raised about the upbringing of a person with a Mongolian identity.

Introduction. The legislative introduction and modern application in broad academic practice of state standards of higher education indicates a fairly high level of formation of a culture of regulation of educational activities, which is relatively new for the domestic engineering school - the culture of standardization. This actualizes the problem of philosophical and pedagogical analysis of the genesis of the norm for the result of engineering training, represented by the education standard. Determining the phenomenological understanding of the norm of the result of engineering education allows us to establish the mechanism of its natural-historical prerequisites for its occurrence, as well as the patterns of functioning and development. Methodology. Analysis of the genesis of the norm of engineering education, in the aspect of standardization, involves highlighting the relationship “the origin, emergence of the norm - the required (desired) development of the application of the norm.” The norm of the result of engineering education is conventionally presented as a “line of intersection” of the technical sphere of production, the sphere of higher education and the social sphere. This approach ensures the identification of information and semantic forms of objectification of the norm of the result of engineering education, subject to standardization in the field of engineering education. Discussion. Identification of a phenomenological understanding of the norm of engineering education allows us to connect it with the positions of standardization of education, highlighting the features of the special, the individual and the universal. The epistemological basis of the difference between “norm” and “tradition” determines the need to differentiate the content of an educational standard, as an information carrier of a set of norms, through the formation of certain normative systems. The formation of standards for engineering education determines the composition of social needs and the technical and technological level of the specialized sphere of production. The severity of the feedback between the norm of engineering education and the production and social needs of the specialized sphere of production and society determines the design of educational standards based on scientific forecasting. Conclusion. Turning to the analysis of the genesis of the norm of the result of engineering education provides the opportunity for a scientifically based objectification of its structural composition, creating the prerequisites for the effective implementation of the educational standard.

Introduction. Currently, human creative development is becoming a key aspect not only for understanding the dynamics of economic, cultural and socio-historical processes, but also for identifying the connection of creative potential with human professional activity and determining the prospects for its further professional realization. Methodology. Philosophical views on the problem of creativity, on the study of various aspects of the “creative development” category, philosophical understanding of the creation and systematization of complex methods of training and creative development of students, the ratio of scientific views of philosophers of different periods and practitioners of design education, allowed us to talk about the cross-creative development of students. Discussion. Design, based on philosophical knowledge about cross-creativity, considers the importance of developing such an approach in design education and highlights the integration of various fields of knowledge and skills to create new and original ideas. Conclusion. Cross-creativity in design education contributes to the development of modern and creative approaches to design, as well as contributes to the creation of innovative and unique solutions, develops communication skills, the ability to cooperate and creative thinking among students and specialists in the field of design.

Introduction. When studying the categories of upbringing, it is necessary to have a certain support for the formation of a research design, the foundation of which will be the doctrine of categories. Its origins date back to the era of Ancient Greece and is based on the works of Aristotle, Plato, and Pythagoras. Significant contributions to the development of the doctrine were made by the works of I. Kant, G. F. G. Hegel, E. Husserl and others. The current state of philosophy demonstrates a decrease in interest in the problems of categories. However, the categories of upbringing were not studied. The purpose of the article: on the basis of research into the doctrine of categories, to identify strategic aspects of the socio-philosophical study of categories of upbringing. Methodology. The research methods used were general theoretical methods - analysis, synthesis and generalization method. Discussion. Based on the analysis of dictionary and encyclopedic literature, polysemy in the understanding of the category was revealed. The most common four positions in their understanding are identified. The development of ideas about the concept of “category” allows us to say that categories act as cognitive units that contribute to the transmission of the general content and meaning of phenomena and objects of the surrounding reality, with the prospect of their further specification and detail. Following A. N. Knigin, we will rely on the following properties of categories: a priori, objectivity and universality. When constructing a research design for categories of upbringing, it is important to rely on the possibility of solving a variety of scientific problems. Conclusion. The analysis of the current state of the doctrine of categories shows the ambiguity of understanding the concept of “category”, where four different meaningful constructs are distinguished. Categories have properties and functions that contribute to their deeper understanding in the concept of the teaching under study. Upbringing as an object of socio-philosophical research has not gained popularity among researchers. The category “upbringing” and its categorical apparatus remain a “blank spot” in the socio-philosophical system of knowledge. Their in-depth analysis is required to penetrate into the essence, meaning, content, in order to more productively implement target vectors in upbringing

Introduction. The problems of secondary orphanhood are evidence of the crisis states of the institution of the family. The complexity of child-parent relationships in foster families is due to the destruction of traditional imperatives and positive models of intrafamily interaction. Distortion of parental behavior, unpreparedness and/or inability to fulfill parental duties are the basic cause of social orphanhood. Of particular concern, due to the scaling of the negative experience of family communication and its transfer to their own families by an orphan child, is secondary orphanhood, defined as the object of this study. The methodological basis of the study was dialectical and systemic methods-approaches. The author explores the factors and consequences of secondary orphanhood, the mechanisms of their minimization. The object is studied from the standpoint of socio-philosophical and socio-psychological analysis, which make it possible to conduct a comprehensive study of the dynamics of child-parent relations in foster families. Discussion. Statistics of orphanage in the Irkutsk region are presented and analyzed. The dynamics of social orphanhood, its factors that do not lose relevance not only in the regional locus, but also in national practice are analyzed. Objective and subjective factors of the child’s admission to the family are considered. Among the negative consequences of secondary orphanhood, the author confers the greatest risks for subsequent adaptation, socialization and inculturation on the destructive emotional state of orphans, their bitterness, the outsider complex, a reduced psychological and emotional state, loss of confidence in the adult world, aggression in interaction, various deviations, including delinquent behavior. The importance of comprehensive training programs and support for host families, support for the educational cluster in minimizing the negative consequences of secondary orphanhood is justified. The conclusion fixes the author’s position on the growth of problems at the institute of the family, in the child-parental relations of destructive families and the actualization of the issues of resocialization of orphans in foster families. The author justifies the revitalization of comprehensive support for all participants in the socialization of a child in a foster family.

Introduction. The modern scientific and technological progress of biomedical technologies requires the development of new philosophical and methodological structures and models in the field of bioethics to explain human dignity. The need to comprehend new interpretations of human dignity is due to the transformation of the unique human nature, which is exposed to the latest technological artifacts. The problem is actualized by the insufficient interpretation of the concept of “dignity” from the point of view of classical humanistic, natural science and theological concepts, which in the ethical space do not care for each other. The methodology of critical rationalism and dialectics allows us to analyze modern scientific views on human dignity through the prism of bioethical principles and practical knowledge in the field of biotechnology. The analysis of humanistic, natural science and medical-social approaches allows us to determine the place of new interpretative approaches to understanding dignity in modern philosophy. Discussion. As a subject of scientific research, the human body is studied by a wide interdisciplinary range of scientific directions, which is an important guarantee of its comprehensive study. Biotechnologies, the scope of which extends both to the field of health conservation and activities to change/improve human characteristics, lead to the emergence of a new phenomenon “bioethical dignity”, integrating the components of the classical semantic content of dignity and the essential aspects of bioethics. The reasons for the segmentation of bioethical dignity into cognitive, genomic and genetic dignity are considered. Conclusion. Biotechnologies as modern methods of restoring and improving human nature have an impact on life values. That is why bioethics is rapidly gaining a unique place among the sources of formation of the content of the concept of human dignity.

Introduction. The emergence of new disciplines in the educational FSES always requires increased attention, especially in the context of the ongoing socio-cultural dynamics of Russian society, defined as a mental revolution. The process of changing worldviews is complex and multifaceted. The new “Fundamentals of Russian Statehoodˮ course for higher education is one of the launching pads for the formation of a new model of worldview, and this is not only a nationwide problem. This issue is embedded in the global geopolitical process and is influenced by many factors. Based on research, as a result of the first experience of working with this course, a socio-philosophical reflection on the image of the future of Russia in the value consciousness of Russian youth arose. Methodology. The reflection is based on the results of a pilot survey of students studying the “Fundamentals of Russian Statehoodˮ course, as well as observations obtained during the implementation of the program. Discussion. The paper defines the practical tasks of teaching the “Fundamentals of Russian Statehoodˮ course in the context of the mental revolution. The problems are identified, the realization of which occurs as a result of reflection on the first experience of working with a new course. According to the results of the survey of students, it was concluded that the teaching of this course has a number of methodological difficulties, but, most importantly, the presentation of the material should not turn into ideological agitation. Conclusion. The educational process is closely connected with the formation of ideological dominants that correlate with the existence of national identity. The study confirms that the implementation of the “Fundamentals of Russian Statehoodˮ course requires convincing patriotic theoretical and methodological approaches implemented within the framework of the spiritual self-determination of the younger generation.

As climate aridity increases, the bioclimatic districts of Tyva form the following series: semihumid district - semiarid district of “rain shadow” - semiarid district - arid district. In this series the upper boundary of the steppe belt varies from 900 to 2300 m above sea level. The purpose of this work is to identify and analyze the patterns of steppe distribution in different bioclimatic districts of Tyva. 800 steppe geo-referenced geobotanical releves have been used. These releves have been attached to 15 associations of floristic classification; units of phytocenotic classification of different ranks have been assigned to them. Releves of one steppe association from one bioclimatic district have been brought together in one group, 22 steppe groups have been deliniated. In the mountains, mosaic of plant communities is determined by humidity and heat supply. The humidity values have been calculated according to the scale of humidity optima; as a criterion of heat supply, the values of height above sea level have been used. In the coordinate system “humidity - height above sea level”, schemes of ordination of 22 steppe groups have been made; differences in their humidity and height above sea level have been statistically verified. Meadow steppe, tussock steppes, bunch-grass steppes with Carex pediformis , bunch-grass steppes and desert steppes with Nanophyton grubovii are found to form a series of humidity decrease, the difference of neighboring steppe types is statistically significant. Widespread in Tyva mountains stony habitats in the semihumid district are covered with background steppes. In semiarid districts, the rocky slopes of steppe belt become the neighboring belt steppe “outposts”; in forest-steppe belt, the rocky slopes wear specific petrophytic bunch-grass steppes. In the arid bioclimatic district, stony habitats retain background steppes. In terms of humidity, the petrophytic bunch-grass steppes and bunch-grass steppes with Carex pediformis have no significant differences. For each bioclimatic district an ordination scheme and a description of steppe vegetation have been compiled. In semihumid and arid districts, 4 steppe associations have been noted in each of them, and 8 steppe associations have been recorded in each semiarid district. The spectra of steppe communities in each bioclimatic district are unique. The steppe vegetation of arid district is the most original (similarity coefficients are 0-0.08), and steppe spectra of semiarid districts are similar (similarity coefficient is 0.64). The geographical distribution of the steppe associations has been modeled using MaxEnt. In the resulting models, the AUC values for training and test samples are 0.96-0.99. The potential area unites the territory where the probability of community finding exceeds 0.5. It has been revealed that the areas of steppe communities in Tyva outline а mosaic of mountain basins and surrounding mountain ranges. The areas of meadow and tussock steppes delineate the boundaries of forest-steppe landscapes, bunch-grass steppe area limits the steppe belt, and desert steppes with Nanophyton grubovii or Stipa glareosa indicates desert-steppe landscapes. Potential area of steppe habitats was found to hold a quarter of Tyva territory. The largest part belongs to bunch-grass steppes with Carex pediformis (31 %), the smallest one - to desert steppes (3 %).

Incorrect names of some syntaxa occurring in the south-eastern part of Russia from the class Thero-Salicornietea Tüxen in Tüxen et Oberdorfer 1958 have been corrected. In this region, the class Thero-Salicornietea is represented by the order Salicornietalia perennantis Golub, Theurillat, Chuvashov et Stepanova ord. nov. (= Camphorosmo-Salicornietalia Borhidi 1996 nom. inval. Art. 3o, 5a, 17) and two alliances, namely Salicornion perennantis Géhu 1992 nom. corr. (= Salicornion prostratae Géhu 1992 nom. inept.), Suaedion salsae Golub et Tchorbadze in Golub 1995 (= Suaedion acuminatae Golub et Tchorbadze in Golub 1995 corr. Lysenko et Mucina 2015 nom. superfl., Art. 29c). The first alliance includes one association Salicornietum perennantis (Soó ex Wendelberger 1943) Soó 1964 nom. corr., the second alliance includes two associations, namely Suaedetum acuminatae Golub et Tchorbadze in Golub 1995 nom corr., and Salicornio perennantis-Petrosimonietum Rukhlenko et Golub 2013 nom. corr. The associations Suaedetum acuminatae Golub et Tchorbadze in Golub 1995 and Suaedetum salsae Golub et Tchorbadze in Golub 1995 were combined into a single association under the name Suaedetum acuminatae Golub et Tchorbadze in Golub 1995 nom. corr. The authors believe that the areas of the plant communities of the alliances Salicornion perennantis Géhu 1992 nom. corr. and Suaedion salsae Golub et Tchorbadze in Golub 1995 coincide over a significant area. Their features in this total area, reflected in the floristic composition, are associated with different ecological conditions of the habitats. Additionally, the authors published the new alliance Camphorosmion annuae Golub, Theurillat, Chuvashov et Stepanova all. nov. (= Thero-Camphorosmion Vicherek 1973 nom. inval., Art. 3b), which in central Europe replaces the more eastern alliance Camphorosmo songoricae-Suaedion corniculatae Freitag, Golub et Yuritsyna 2001.

Petrophytic steppes are widespread in steppe and forest-steppe landscapes of piedmonts and low mountains of Altai-Sayan region. They belong to the class Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. in Br.-Bl. 1947 and the order Helictotricho-Stipetalia Toman 1969. Petrophypic communities usually occupy steep stony southern slopes and ridge tops. A formalized cluster analysis was performed on 31 associations representing the alliances Centaureion sumensis Golub et al. 1995, Elytrigion pruiniferae Korolyuk et al. 2022, Helictotricho desertorum-Orostachyion spinosae , Scorzonero austriacae-Koelerion sclerophyllae Solomeshch et al. 1994 (Fig. 1). South Siberian petrophytic steppes differ from the steppes by a numerous group of plant species (Table 1). For this reason, we describe a new alliance. Alliance Alysso obovatae-Orostachyion spinosae all. nov. Holotypus - ass. Allio rubentis-Caricetum humilis Korolyuk 2007. Diagnostic species (D. s.): Alyssum obovatum , Artemisia gmelinii , Astragalus ceratoides , A. follicularis , Eritrichium pectinatum , Goniolimon speciosum , Gypsophila patrinii , Hedysarum gmelinii , Orostachys spinosa , Patrinia intermedia , Potentilla acaulis , Veronica pinnata. The alliance unites petrophytic steppes of piedmont, foothill and low-mountain landscapes of the north-western periphery of Altai-Sayan mountain region. Communities are confined to stony habitats with close bedding of bedrocks. The alliance includes 2 sualliances and 7 associations (Table 2). Suballiance Allio rubentis-Caricenion humilis suball. nov. Holotypus - ass. Allio rubentis-Caricetum humilis Korolyuk 2007. D. s.: Allium rubens , Bupleurum bicaule , Carex humilis , Centaurea sibirica , Coluria geoides , Eritrichium altaicum , Iris ruthenica , Lupinaster pentaphyllus , Polygala comosa , Pulsatilla patens , Thalictrum petaloideum , Thymus sect. serpyllum , Youngia tenuifolia , Ziziphora clinopodioides. The suballiance represents petrophytic steppes of lowland and foothill areas of the Northern and Western Altai. The coenoses occupy convex stony slopes and ridges. Suballiance Artemisio frigidae-Scorzonerenion austriacae suball. nov. Holotypus - ass. Potentillo acaulis-Festucetum valesiacae Lashchinsky ex Korolyuk et Kipriyanova 1998. D. s.: Allium vodopjanovae , Artemisia frigida , Spiraea hypericifolia , Scorzonera austriaca , Veronica incana . The suballiance unites steppes on stony slopes and sides of river valleys of the right bank of Ob river, Salair Ridge and Kuznetsk depression. A new association is described within the suballiance. Ass. Alysso lenensis-Potentilletum acaulis ass. nov. (Table 3, rel. 1-23), holotypus - Table 3, rel. 1 (field no. 19-570): Novosibirsk region, Suzun district, 4 km west of the Sharchino village, steep south-eastern slope of the Karakan River valley, 54.26847° N, 82.44793° E, 13.08.2022, author - A.Yu. Korolyuk. D. s.: Allium vodopjanovae , Alyssum lenense , Astragalus testiculatus , Cleistogenes squarrosa , Ephedra distachya , Hedysarum gmelinii , Potentilla acaulis (dom.), Taraxacum erythrospermum . The association represents rare petrophytic communities of forest-steppe landscapes east of the Ob River in Novosibirsk Region (Fig. 2). The communities occupy convex steep (up to 30-35°), usually southern slopes of river sides, often with bedrock outcrops. The position of the ass. Gypsophilo patrinii-Festucetum valesiacae Korolyuk 2007 is still unclear and new data from the eastern regions of Kazakhstan should be analyzed.

The psammophytic steppe community occurring on fluvio-glacial deposits in the Minusinskaya intermountain basin was classified as the association Pulsatillo turczaninovii-Caricetum korshinskyi ass. nov. within the class Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1943 , order Brachypodietalia pinnati Korneck 1974 and alliance Veronici incanae-Helictotrichion desertorum Korolyuk et Makunina in Korolyuk 2007 . It occupies only dry convex parts of southern slopes of sandy dunes surrounded by extra-zonal pine forests. DCA ordination showed floristic differences between two variants of association. The less oligotrophic and more xerophytic variant of Poa botryoides is characterized by a well-developed grass layer with dominance of Poa botryoides , Achnatherum sibiricum , Dianthus versicolor , Carex pediformis , Cleistogenes squarrosa , Bupleurum scorzonerifolium . The second variant of Abietinella abietina is characterized by a poorly developed of grass layer and the constant presence of mosses and lichens ( Abietinella abietina , Rhytidium rugosum , Cladonia arbuscula , Peltigera canina ). The analysis of DCA axes and floristic composition demonstrated importance of substrate type and humidity regime as main factors for differentiation of variants. In addition, the specificity of the species composition of steppe communities is determined by the surrounding forest communities, which introduce their characteristic species - Rubus saxatilis , Maianthemum bifolium , Fragaria vesca , Agrimonia pilosa , Potentilla humifusa , Vaccinium vitis-idaea , Goodyera repens , Chimaphila umbellata , Orthilia secunda , Neottianthe cucullate .