Home – Home – Jornals – Journal of Mining Sciences 2023 number 5

Results of studying the process of air blowing through a perforated section of the surface on an axisymmetric body with an aspect ratio of 25.3 in an incompressible flow with the Reynolds number Re_L = 4.36·10⁶ are reported. The blowing coefficient C_b is varied in the interval from zero to 0.00885. It is shown that distributed blowing through a perforated wall with improved geometry ensures a significant gain in friction drag as compared to that for the base configuration. Beginning from the input boundary of this section and further downstream, stable reduction of local friction is observed, which reaches 72% directly in the region of blowing with the maximum intensity. In view of the energy expenses on the blowing process, for the blowing region being located on the cylindrical part of the model, the degree of energy saving can reach 1.4 to 6.1%. The efficiency of this method of boundary layer control can be refined by more accurate determination of the contribution of the drag component induced by the pressure and friction forces on the frontal part of the body. The importance of estimating the possibility of using the proposed approach in the case of air blowing through a surface section on the frontal part of the body is noted.

The effect of wall treatment on the performance of κ-ε model in incompressible, turbulent, separated flows with and without heat transfer has been evaluated in this study. We have simulated two benchmark cases: (i) flow past a circular cylinder at Re = 3900, and (ii) flow past a heated square cylinder at Re = 21 400 using the open source CFD package: OpenFOAM. We have compared three variants of the κ-ε model namely, Launder-Sharma κ-ε model (Yap corrected) (LSKEY), Lam-Bremhorst κ-ε model (Yap corrected) (LBKEY) and two-layer κ-ε model (TLKE) along with the available experimental and direct numerical simulation (DNS) data. Comparisons are made in terms of the models' capability to predict the mean flow variables, surface integral quantities and heat transfer characteristics at different wake locations. On the basis of the presented study, we conclude that LSKEY performs better than the other models in predicting the wake and surface flow and heat transfer parameters. Further our comparisons show that, while LSKEY and LBKEY require comparable clock time per flow-through cycle, the computational time needed by TLKE is almost twice as compared to LBKEY or LSKEY. These results call for more attention from the CFD community onto the LSKEY model, in particular, so that, it can be incorporated in various other flow fields, especially the scale resolving methodologies like the partially-averaged Navier-Stokes (PANS), wherein a superior wall treatment along with a shorter computational time could be of immense advantage. In authors' opinion, these benefits of the LSKEY model have largely been overlooked, perhaps because of a biased preference to the TLKE model, which enjoys the default presence in popular commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) packages.

An experimental study of the process of air outflow from a container with a characteristic duration of 0.6 to 9 s through throttling tubes of various configurations was carried out. The equivalent area of the outlet orifice is determined depending on the ratio of the length of the throttling tube to its nominal diameter. It was found that during the outflow process, the temperature of the gas inside the container decreases by 10-15%, which value differs significantly from the theoretical estimate made under the assumption that the process is adiabatic (60 %). Based on the results of measuring the pressure and temperature of the gas in the container, a method is proposed for calculating the heat flow from the walls of the container to the outflowing gas.

A novel thermal lattice Boltzmann approach is proposed for the implementation of the thermal boundary conditions at the fluid-solid interface. The numerical code, developed on the basis of the new approach, was validated against reliable numerical data from the literature in the cases of both square and circular conducting blocks. Analytical and experimental validations were also performed in the case of a circular block. The numerical tests show that the adopted approach allows to handle interface problems with large thermal conductivity ratios. In the present study, this approach is validated first in the case of a square conducting block and used to simulate a conjugate convection-conduction problem in a square cavity enclosing a circular block. The novel developed TLBM approach reduces computational memory as well as numerical programming issues associated with the use of a hybrid method that combines the lattice Boltzmann method and classical methods.

The study is aimed at measuring the gas flow temperature by thermocouples whose time of reaching the equilibrium temperature is comparable with the measurement time, and heat release to structural elements of the transducer can be rather large. Results of numerical simulations of the gas flow in the temperature transducer used for measuring the stagnation temperature in high-enthalpy hotshot wind tunnels are presented. A coupled problem of the air flow around the temperature transducer is solved, and the flow field inside the stagnation chamber is calculated with allowance for heat losses to input wires and structural elements of the transducer. The data obtained are considered as results of a virtual experiment and are treated by methods of experimental aerodynamics. The retrieved results are compared with the initial numerical values of the stagnation temperature in the flow impinging onto the transducer. Sources of uncertainties arising in temperature measurements are determined, and the applicability of experimental methods for determining the stagnation temperature in short-duration wind tunnels, including those with parameters decreasing during the run, is justified. It is shown that the method of “two thermocouples” can be successfully used to determine the stagnation temperature even if the heat losses to transducer elements are comparable with heat input from the gas flow. The values of the retrieved stagnation temperature correspond to the flow temperature in the transducer within 1.2 - 3% depending on the initial temperature of the thermocouple.

With the aim to model the self-excited oscillations of a body, a hypothesis is proposed for the formation of periodic vortex structures in the bottom wake whose frequency coincides with the natural frequency of oscillations of the body, and the force effect of the oscillations on the body is mathematically described with a harmonic function of time. Analytical formulas for aerodynamic derivatives and equivalent aerodynamic derivatives are obtained. It is shown that the mathematical model satisfactorily describes the dependence of the pitch angle on time and the dependence of the equivalent aerodynamic derivatives on the amplitude of oscillations for two moments of inertia of the body. The mathematical model predicts the hyperbolic law of dependence of the amplitude of self-excited oscillations on the reduced frequency.

The morphology of carbon material formed in an arc discharge in a mixture of i-butane, n-butane and propane when spraying a graphite-nickel electrode was studied. The experiments were carried out with changing the gas medium pressure. Carbon globules, graphene structures and carbon nanotubes have been discovered. It was found that at pressures of 75 and 400 torr, carbon globules predominate in the resulting materials. At gas pressures of 200 torr, the material collected from the cold screen surface contains both graphene-like structures and significant amounts of carbon nanotubes. The physical reasons influencing the observed phenomena are discussed.

The paper presents the calculation estimates for efficiency of regenerative cooling for a model cylinder-shaped duct using a suspension of heat-conductive metal nanoparticles in n-decane as fuel/coolant. We adapted a standard mathematical model of conjugated heat transfer that accounts for thermophysical properties of the metal nanoparticle suspension and n-decane. The data are presented for heating the nanosuspension and the model duct walls for the cases of different content of metal nanoparticles in nanosupension. The range where the use of nanosuspension gives advantages in terms of heat removal relative to the n-decane has been shown.

Heat conductivity for a Novec 7100 fluid sample was measured with a method of coaxial cylinders. Experiments were performed in the temperature range 350 - 385 K and pressure range 0.12 - 0.21 MPa. The error for experimental data on heat conductivity is about 1.5 - 2.5 %, The error in measuring temperature and pressure was less than 0.05 K and 4 kPa, correspondingly. The general equation for calculating the heat conductivity as a function of pressure and temperature was formulated. The heat conductivity was defined for the ideal gas state. A previously developed approach was tested in application for a single-measurement prognosis of heat conductivity.

Numerical simulation of unsteady processes proceeding during the laser welding of plates made of porous and monolithic (non-porous) metals was carried out. The influence of the welding speed on the quality of the resultant joints and on the seam morphology was studied. The calculated characteristics of connections between porous and monolithic stainless steel plates are in qualitative agreement with the results of physical experiments.

Physicochemical and thermal processes occurring during methane conversion into synthesis gas under non-isothermal conditions in microstructural heat exchanger-reactors based on microchannels are considered in this paper. A method for synthesizing a rhodium-based composite thin-layer catalyst for steam reforming of methane and carbon monoxide is proposed, and the results of experimental and numerical studies of the features of steam reforming under controlled thermal conditions of a microchannel reactor are presented. The determining influence of thermal processes on the rate and sequence of multi-stage heterogeneous reactions was obtained; the methods for controlling the steam reforming process have been developed to achieve high completeness of chemical transformations.

The paper presents results of experimental study on the solubility (VLE-properties) for crystalline tricosane in supercritical carbon dioxide (in pure and modified form) in the temperature range 308.15 - 315.15 K and the pressure range 8.00 - 20.32 MPa using the dynamic method. Modification of carbon dioxide fluid was performed by adding several organic solvents, such as dimethylsulfoxide, ethanol, acetone, and chloroform. It was found that using the fluid co-solvents at the concentration of 5 wt. % improves the tricosane solubility by factor of two. The measurement results can be described by the Penga-Robinson equation of state.

The volumetric properties of liquid indium-lead alloys containing 20 and 33 at. % Pb have been measured using gamma-ray attenuation technique at temperatures from the liquidus line to 880 K. The density changes of these alloys during solid-liquid phase transition have been calculated. The obtained experimental values of the molar volume and the volume thermal expansion coefficient of melts and the results of calculations according to the laws for an ideal solution and data of other authors have been compared.

The implemented research shows that coalbed gas content in face area is proportional to pyrite content of coal, calculated with respect to iron and sulfur contents determined on X-ray fluorescent spectrometer. These results confirm the hypothesis on methane formation in coal during recovery of carbon oxides in the presence of iron-bearing minerals, in particular, pyrite, and water, and explain different contents of methane in the same rank coals. The obtained inverse proportion between the coalbed gas content in the face area and the sorption surface of coal allows supposing that methane accumulations concentrate mainly in the “solid solution” and in the closed porosity, i.e. in the coal structure. For this reason, it is more difficult and longer to recover such methane from coal than methane accumulated in open pores and fractures, which quickly leaves coal in face area.

The study focuses on the connection between two processes: deformation of proppant under the action of rock pressure and the rock pressure change after injection pressure release. The modeling of proppant deformation (mechanics of granular medium) uses the discrete element method, and the rock pressure redistribution (rock mechanics) is modeled using the earlier developed model of rock as a medium with internal energy sources and sinks, and the finite element method. The numerical modeling shows that depending on the loading history and on the rock mass properties, the mode of deformation can be both stable and unstable. For the stable mode of deformation, the pressure balance is calculated at the created fracture boundary, and the change in the proppant porosity is estimated. In the unstable mode, rock mass experiences dynamic events induced by rock pressure.

The authors investigate the physical and mechanical properties of hornstone, gabbro-dolerite and rich chalcopyrite-pyrrhotine ore subjected to flooding at the Oktyabrsky deposit in the Talnakh ore province. The analysis of the petrography, chemistry and mineralogy of the test samples showed no substantial differences in their properties after flooding. The comparison of the strength and deformation characteristics of rocks from the uniaxial compression and tension testing results demonstrate the decrease of both in water-saturated rocks and the increase in the room-temperature dried samples. The limit strength, elasticity modulus and internal friction angles have smaller values in rocks after drying than in the initial samples.

The authors implemented a series of lab-scale cyclic shear deformation tests of granular medium. The steady-state boundary conditions kept for the hundreds of thousands shear cycles result in the time-varying response of the test medium. The periods of stress fluctuations of the order of tens, hundreds and thousands cycles are observed in the medium. The time-varying response of the medium is connected with periodic formation and deformation of clusters and force chains in the medium. The DEM-based numerical modeling of cyclic shear of a granular medium with the same loading program as in the tests shows the adequacy of the discrete element method and the agreement of the numerical and experimental data.

The article describes the studies on the geomechanical behavior of the large pitwall rock mass using the seismic method. The on-site measurements of elastic wave velocities in rock mass enabled determining the elastic characteristics of rocks, which allowed an inference on the rock mass stability. It is shown that the seismic method provides sufficiently reliable data on the time history of the geomechanical behavior of the large-area pitwall rock mass, and enables the geomechanics and stability control. The long-term experience of using the seismic method to ensure pitwall rock mass stability is presented as a case-study of Zhelezny Open Pit Mine, Kovdor Mining and Processing Plant. The proposed approach is applicable at deep open pit mines.

The authors show that data on characteristics of drill mud penetration zone improve reliability of geoinformation obtained from borehole geology and geophysics. The developed procedure for the data interpretation takes into account the geomechanics and hydrodynamics of drilling. A part of the drill mud penetration zone is represented by mudcake which prevents direct measurement of porosity and permeability. The article describes the experimental studies on growth of the mudcake on the samples of low-permeable sandstone from the Jurassic reservoir rock mass using an original facility. The petrophysical nonuniformity of the mudcake was determined. The repeated measurements revealed the mudding zone.

The article describes the numerical studies on propagation of hydraulic fracture in the nonuniform-stress elastic environment around a cylindrical cavity. The modeling used the extended method of finite elements. The scope of the modeling embraced different variants of the principal stress orientation relative to the cavity and a disk-shaped initiation fracture. The influence of the stress ratio and stress level on the fracture path is described. The main types of the created fractures are shown. The conditions when the created fracture reaches the cavity surface or propagates along it are analyzed. The features of the fracture propagation and opening pressure are described for the fractures of various shapes depending on the volume of the injection fluid.

The article presents the design model and results for the main crack development in closely spaced blasting in brittle rocks. The 3D modeling is described as case-study of crack formation in granite in perimeter blasting of ammonite charges at different spacing and filling of blastholes. The shapes and sizes are determined for the main cracks generated by blasting of single charge and three close-spaced charges. From the modeling results obtained for a specific charge, the method is proposed to determine efficient spacing of blastholes in perimeter blasting to ensure the maximal area of the created crack.

The authors developed the phenomenological model of landslide initiation under multiple seismic effects. The model uses the lab-scale testing data on mechanisms of slope failure under dynamic impacts, the analysis of a large bulk of field data, the instrumental measurements of seismic effects induced by large-scale blasting and the numerical calculations of influence exerted by seismic vibrations on slopes. The rules are formulated for the decision-making in evaluation of potential landslide initiation under seismic impact. Evaluation of slope stability is performed for overburden rock dumps at open pit mines in the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly. It is shown that large-scale blasts in the test open pit mine have no effect on the stability of the dumps, but the damaged drainage and the rising of underground water can result in accumulation of irreversible deformations.

The authors analyze the influence of proppant parameter on the long-term conductivity of hydraulic fractures. Pressing of proppants in fracture walls and proppant smashing was studied using FCMS-V fracture conductivity system, field emission scanning electron microscope, polarization microscope and the sieve method. The correlations between the conductivity, grain size, grain-size composition, proppant concentration and placement technique, closure pressure of fractures and pressure of proppant pressing-in in the fracture walls are revealed. Pressing and smashing of proppant grains of different size under different closure pressure of fractures is discussed. The recommendations on proppant placement during hydraulic fracturing are given as a case study of methane recovery from coal seams in YC site of Ordos Basin in China.

The article presents the optimization design results for impellers of axial fans for main ventilation in mines using the criteria of minimum mass and required stress level in fan assemblies. The design of a single disk impeller is justified. For high-duty fans having the blade tip speed of 200-220 m/s, the topology optimization is performed for the single-disk impeller. The dependence between the design parameters of the impeller components and the speed of the fan rotor is determined. The topology optimization is implemented with SIMP in ANSYS.

The article describes the theoretical and experimental research data on possibility to improve the quality of the end concentrates of float-and-sink, X-ray luminescent, adhesive and froth separation. The method of nitride hardening is proposed for ferrosilicium grain surface with the hardened layer depth in the range of 30-60 nm for reducing ferrosilicium corrosion rate by 2.7 times at the preserved process properties. The necessity of adding the primary float-and-sink flotation circuit with two-stage magnetic separation to decrease the yield of rough concentrates and to improve their quality owing to removal of 29-95% of siderite. The optimized composition of luminophore-bearing modifying agent ensures complete recovery of earlier unrecoverable diamonds in concentrate at the maximum kimberlite yield of 2.5%. The workbench test processing of difficult diamond-bearing raw materials proves the possibility of incremental diamond concentration in adhesive and froth separation (by 14.0% and 12.7%, respectively), and in the cycle of finishing operations in X-ray luminescent separation (by 25.3%) owing to modification of surface properties of diamond crystals using physicochemical methods and energy deposition.

The article presents the laboratory-scale studies on processibility of fine-grained old tailings at Kovdor GOK. Effect of collecting agents represented by fat tall oil acids (FTOA) is investigated. The froth flotation tests show high selectivity of agent Berol-2015 relative to apatite. From the lab-scale tests, it is found that with collector FTOA, the P₂O₅ content of concentrate is not higher than 24.4% despite a high degree of desliming of flotation feed (~ 70.0%). With collector Berol-2015, the concentrate content of P₂O₅ reaches 35.0-37.7% without preliminary desliming.

The capsule review of the scientific editor for the thematic issue of the Siberian Journal of Forest Science, 2023, number 5 is presented, dedicated to the studies in dendrological parks and botanical gardens.

The competent organization and safety of the public space of the city, the educational and educational potential of its territories underlie the implementation of infrastructure and environmental projects. Despite the fact that every year we hear in the news about the planting of several thousand trees in the landscaping of the city of Krasnoyarsk, the total area of green zones and the provision in terms of a person remains insufficient. Requires the preservation of existing and the creation of new recreational areas. From the point of view of territorial connectivity, the presence of several types of landscapes, the diversity of vegetation, objects of scientific, historical and spiritual development, the project of forming a new cultural, educational, educational and scientific space of the city in the area of Akademgorodok, on the territory of the arboretum of V. N. Sukachev Institute Forest Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Church of the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia, «Krasivy Bereg», «Gremyachaya Griva». The scientific and educational foundation of this project can be the arboretum of V. N. Sukachev Institute Forest Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. This requires the preservation and restoration of its territory within the boundaries of the growth of introduced trees and shrubs, the development of the Regulations on the Arboretum as a specially protected object of nature, the implementation of infrastructure, environmental and educational projects.

During the field experiments on artificial inoculation, the mycelium of Grosmannia aoshimae (Ohtaka et Masuya) Masuya et Yamaoka fungus was observed to spread slowly in the conductive tissues of Siberian fir ( Abies sibirica Ledeb.) trees that retained their viability after slow intensity attack by four-eyed fir bark beetles ( Polygraphus proximus Blandford). In damaged trees the length of phloem necrosis after artificial inoculation of trunks with G. aoshimae culture was approximately 30 % less than in trees without signs of attack. The most likely reason for the inhibition is the defense reactions presumably induced in stems by unsuccessful attempts of the beetle attack prior to artificial inoculation. This phenomenon raises the question of the lack of knowledge about induced resistance in coniferous species. In contrast to herbaceous plants induced resistance in woody species including coniferous ones has been poorly studied. It was demonstrated that natural or artificial “low-intensity” infection with pathogens can increase tree resistance to diseases in branches and trunks, as well as to stem pests. However, the signaling pathways that cause the activation of defense reactions have not yet been sufficiently characterized. Because of the size of woody plants and the multiplicity of their ecological relationships, it is of particularly importance to study the interactions between molecular signaling pathways that are running from the different sites of damage. Studies of induced resistance in conifers, especially the characterization of endogenous signaling pathways, open the new prospects for tree conditions diagnosing, developing environmentally friendly methods for regulating the resistance of forest stands, mitigating the pest impact on trees, including the cases of biological invasions.

Materials are presented on the history of formation and the current state of the arboretum of V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, established in 1977 with the aim of testing woody plants from various botanical and geographical areas in the conditions of the city of Krasnoyarsk, which will subsequently be a source of seeds and planting material for introduction into green building in the territory of the settlements of Krasnoyarsk Krai. During almost half a century of the existence of the arboretum, about 450 species of woody plants were tested for gradual acclimatization. Currently, 203 winter-hardy species of trees and shrubs grow on its territory (4.17 ha). This collection is the basis for diverse bioecological studies, in which specialists from most laboratories of the Institute of Forest are involved. Observations are made on the seasonal growth, development, physiological and phenological characteristics of woody plants. The reproductive processes and possibilities of seed and vegetative propagation of introduced plants are being studied. The karyological features and microclonal propagation of conifers are studied. The arboretum is a test site for studies of damage to introduced plants by insects and fungal phytopathogens. Modern problems of arboretum conservation associated with the intention to build a multi-storey residential building on its territory are characterized, in which 628 specimens of woody plants (36.8 % of the total number) will be cut down, and 165 specimens will suffer indirectly, being within the area that falls under development. The efforts made in this regard by the authorities and the public to protect the arboretum, to preserve this unique object for future generations of scientists and all residents of the city of Krasnoyarsk are reflected.

The appearance of new dendrophilic intruders in forest communities in Russia in the XXI century are becoming more frequent and they cause more and more significant damage to stands. Each new aggressive alien species (invader) almost always turns out to be a big problem for foresters, since it is always detected by the damage caused, that is, when it has actually already naturalized in new habitats for it. By this time, there are no drugs approved for use against this alien, protection technologies have not been developed and the peculiarities of the biology of the phytophagus in its emerging secondary area have not been studied. Often the invader first appears in the forests around large cities and transport hubs, in various kinds of specially protected natural areas (protected areas). This makes it even more difficult to develop measures to protect against it. The appearance of an alien species in the forests of nature reserves and national parks currently makes it almost impossible to carry out protection measures even when the harm from the alien is obvious. Having appeared on the territory of a protected area, an invader becomes a protected inhabitant upon his presence here, since the current legislation does not provide for a different status for him. But in the taiga forests of Siberia, the appearance of invaders also does not lead to a quick start of developing measures to protect against them. Since the beginning of the XXI century, such dangerous invaders as the Ussuri polygraph ( Polygraphus proximus Blandford, 1894), boxwood firewood ( Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859)), eastern chestnut nutlet ( Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, 1951), ash narrow-bodied emerald gold ( Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888), etc. have penetrated into the forests and landscaping plantings of Russia. Some of them have caused irreparable damage to natural forest communities. The purpose of the article is to consider some aspects of the current situation with dendrophilic invaders and discuss possible ways to solve the problem of protection from new intruders.

The information obtained by the authors during the karyological study on conifers growing in arboretums, parks, and botanical gardens from different countries is summarized. Representatives of two genera, pine ( Pinus L.) and spruce ( Picea A. Dietr . ), have been studied in the Pinaceae family; these species have 24 chromosomes in diploid complement (2 n = 24). Seven species and one interspecific hybrid of pine and eight species of spruce were analyzed. In Cupressaceae family, five introduced species were studied, which are representatives of the genera thuja ( Thuja L.), cypress ( Cupressus L.), false cypress ( Chamaecyparis Spach) and Sequoiadendron ( Sequoiadendron J. Buchholz); karyotype of Cupressaceae representatives includes 22 chromosomes (2 n = 22). In species, forms and cultivars of conifers from Pinaceae and Cupressaceae families, which are under introduction, as well as being components of green plantations in settlements of different geographical regions, great variability of karyological features. There area variability of chromosome numbers (mixoploidy), changes in the morphology of chromosomes, an increase of the number of nucleolar loci, appearance of supernumerary chromosomes, a high occurrence and a wide range of chromosomes anomalies. The changes are probably caused by the acclimatization of plants in new growing conditions and adaptation to increased recreational load in park planting. They can cause an increase in phenotypic and genetic diversity. It should be taken into account during introduction and carrying out activities on breeding of conifer species. On the basis of the data obtained, problems of scientific, experimental production, educational and cultural significance can be solved, recommendations for the selection of species and intraspecific taxa suitable for landscaping settlements in a particular region can be developed.

To elucidate the reasons for the differences Fir species ( Abies . Mill.) damage by four-eyed fir bark beetle ( Polygraphus proximus Blandford), we studied the structure of fir bark in sections Balsamea , Momi , Abies , Grandis from the collections of the Tsitsin Main botanical garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In the bark, the features of the structure of the outer bark tissues (periderm and rhytidome) and the inner bark, which consisted of the cortex and secondary phloem, were studied. Species of fir, the outer bark of which are formed by periderms including layers of spongy and stony (lignified) phellem (phellem of Manchurian fir ( Abies holophylla Maxim.), Nikko fir ( A. homolepis Siebold & Zucc.), Nordmann fir ( A. nordmanniana (Steven) Spach)), as well as species that early formed a rhytidome (Nordmann fir), are practically not colonized by the P. proximus . The cork of fir species, the phellem of which is represented by the same type of suberinized cells, and having a small thickness (species from section Balsamea ), is more attractive for invasion by the P. proximus . The relationship between damage by the P. proximus and the structural features and the ratio of the components of the outer and middle layers of the inner bark, where the degree of sclerification is the main factor, is noted. The least attractive for P. proximus are the fir species that have a high degree of sclerification of the outer and middle layers of the inner bark. The degree of constitutional resistance to P. proximus increases with an increase in the degree of accretion and size of sclereid groups, the uniformity and density of their distribution. The most vulnerable are firs with a low degree of sclerification of the outer and middle layers and/or an uneven and loose distribution of sclereid groups, and firs with an increased and high content of mucilage cells (Siberian fir ( A. sibirica Ledeb.)). An inverse relationship was noted between the degree of sclerification and the content of mucilage cells. A clear relationship between P. proximus and the content of calcium oxalate crystals, as well as the characteristics of the resinous system, has not been established.

More than 50 invasive insect species have appeared on the Black Sea coast of Russia in the last two decades. The study of trophic interactions of alien insects is of great importance for understanding the invasive processes. Dendrological collections of parks and botanical gardens play an important role in this case. The purpose of this study was to clarify the trophic associations of invasive pest species - the cypress jewel beetle Lamprodila festiva (Linnaeus, 1767) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and the frosted moth-bug Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830) (Homoptera: Flatidae) in ornamental plantations of the dendrological park “Yuzhnye Kultury” and to determine their role in the drying out of woody plants. The studies were carried out in 2020-2021 on the territory of the mentioned above dendrological park (Russia, the federal territory of Sirius). The botanical collection of this park is represented by 665 species, varieties and garden forms. For the cypress jewel beetle Lamprodila festiva 13 taxa (species, varieties and garden forms) from Cupressaceae were identified as host plants, of which Cupressus lusitanica and Juniperus squamata were noted as novel hosts. Only Cupressus sempervirens var. pyramidalis and Juniperus communis originate from the pest’s primary range, - the Mediterranean region and North Africa (15.4 % of all plant species examined). Cypress jewel beetle commonly kills its hosts within 1-7 years. Metcalfa pruinosa was detected on 25 species of woody plants, of which only 4 species have North American origin (as well as M. pruinosa ): Torreya californica , Magnolia grandiflora , Catalpa bignonioides and Celastrus scandens (16 % of the all plant species examined). Eleven plant species from the genera Torreya, Magnolia, Eurya, Euonymus, Cotoneaster, Citharexylum, Ilex, Schinus, Pterocarya, Sorbus, Celastrus and families Taxaceae, Magnoliaceae, Pentaphylacaceae, Celastraceae, Rosaceae, Verbenaceae, Aquifoliaceae, Anacardiaceae, Juglandaceae turned to be the novel hosts of the insect on the Black Sea coast of Russia. The frosted moth-bug does not notably affect its host plants, but reduces their decorative effect.

The study was carried out on the territory of the Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The collection revealed 61 species from 37 genera and 20 families of woody plants that have become naturalized and have gone beyond the expositions. The highest rate of naturalization was observed in the Rosaceae , Sapindaceae and Oleaceae families. The capacity for naturalization was demonstrated by plants with Asian (19 species), Eurasian (17 species), North American (14 species) and European (5 species) distribution range. In terms of life-forms, among the naturalized species, may be divided as follows: trees - 34 species, 55.7 %, shrubs - 24 species, 39.3 %, lianas - 3 species, 5 %. Most of the naturalized species (85 %) are characterized by a very low occurrence on the territory of the arboretum and forest area in Botanical garden. Only 9 species of woody plants have maximum occurrence rates: Acer negundo, A. platanoides, Berberis vulgaris, Corylus avellana, Cotoneaster lucidus, Juglans mandshurica, Malus baccata, Quercus robur, Ribes rubrum .

The living ground cover species composition under the various tree species canopy in the Arboretum of V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, in the city of Krasnoyarsk was studied. The purpose of the work is to determine the ground cover species composition, structure and phytomass in the various tree species biogroups. The studies were carried out in 2020-2022 at the 13 tree species biogroups growing on the Arboretum territory. The floristic composition, projective cover and occurrence of species growing in the studied biogroups were determined. Based on the analysis of floristic data, biodiversity indices were calculated. The taxonomic, belt-zonal, ecological, biomorphological features of the flora structure were determined. It was established that 12 shrub layer species and 47 living ground cover species (44 - the grass-shrub layer and 3 moss taxons) were recorded in the studied woody plant biogroups. Species diversity indices were calculated for each biogroup. The ground cover ecological and ecological-coenotic structures have been determined. The most important groups have been identified. The factors influencing the ground cover characteristics were identified. It has been established that the living ground cover floristic composition is influenced by both biotic (phytogenic field) and abiotic factors in the arboretum 46 years after its creation. The phytogenic field species-specific influence on the living ground cover species composition was revealed in six tree species. The ground projective cover and phytomass as well as the species occurrence are significantly affected by abiotic factors, in particular, illumination.

The modern climate of the South of the Middle Siberia makes it possible for many other regions woody plants to grow here. Introduced plants are widely used in landscaping of cities and towns, in creation of the protective forest plantations, as well as for scientific and educational purposes. Therefore, regular summarizing the results of plant introduction is of great practical value. This research is devoted to the introduction of two East Asian species (early forsythia ( Forsythia ovata Nakai) and Manchurian ash ( Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.)) and one North American species (green ash ( Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.)) the olive family (Oleaceae) in the arboretum of V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest Sib. Br. Rus. Acad. Sci. in Krasnoyarsk Akademgorodok. The plants of these three species were found to show high winter hardiness - their shoots are not damaged either in winter or during spring frosts. Under conditions of the introduction, these plants retain the life form, which is characteristic for their natural habitats: at the age of 40, Korean forsythia bushes have a height of 1.5-2 m, red ash trees - 9-13 m, manchurian ash trees - up to 8 m. Manchurian ash plants, despite being 40 years old, did not have a flowering phase. Plants of Korean forsythia and red ash go through all phases of seasonal development. Based on sixteen years observations, the article presents the dates of the main phenological phases and the sums of effective temperatures at the beginning of flowering and shoot growth. Korean forsythia and red ash successfully bloom and bear fruits, producing high quality seeds (viability 79-91 %). Planting material of these highly decorative species can be grown from local reproduction seeds and be recommended for greening of Krasnoyarsk.

At present, Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) is widely used in the landscaping of industrial cities, despite the fact that, according to its physiological characteristics, it is not resistant to intense technogenic pollution. Thus, the study of radial growth dynamics of Scots pine trees under the influence of technogenic pollution of different composition and intensity is greatly important. The purpose of this article is to use the dendrochronological method to answer the question of whether pollution modifies the climatic response of the annual ring width of Scotch pine in the green plantations of Krasnoyarsk. The objects of the study were trees growing on three test sites (TS) exposed to the negative effects of atmospheric toxicants: 2) TS «E. Stasova str.» (pollution from vehicles, the main pollutants are CO, NO, NO₂, SO₂, benzo(a)pyrene, etc.); 3) TS «Park «Gvardeisky» (emissions from industrial enterprises of non-ferrous metallurgy and heat and power complex; the main pollutants are CO, NO, NO₂, SO₂, soot, fluorine compounds, benzo(a)pyrene, hydrogen sulfide, etc.); 4) TS «9 Maya str.» (total impact of emissions from motor transport and industrial enterprises of non-ferrous metallurgy and heat and power complex) and on one conditionally 1) clean test site - TS «Arboretum of IL SB RAS». Based on the annual ring width data obtained in the first article of the cycle (Klad’ko, Skripal’shchikova, 2021), we calculated indexed radial increment curves for each site. To identify the climatic signal in indexed chronologies, we used the method of sliding correlation climatic response functions. At the TS 2, in comparison with the conditionally pure TS 1, an increased sensitivity of Scots pine to the temperature of middle-July, at the TS 3 an increased sensitivity to temperature of one-half of August, at the TS 4 an increased sensitivity to temperature and precipitation of middle June. The results showed that climate signal in dynamics of the radial growth of Scotch pine modified by the influence of technogenic pollution in relation its properties.

Here we report about notable damage on the leaves of Tatar maple ( Acer tataricum L.) in the arboretum of V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (IF SB RAS) in the city of Krasnoyarsk and the Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (CSBG SB RAS) in the city of Novosibirsk. In 2008-2009 and 2023, on average up to 70 % of the apical leaves of Tatar maple were gnawed. At the same time, the damaged caused to Amur maple ( A. tataricum subsp. ginnala (Maxim.) Wesm.), which grew next to Tatar maple in both arboreta, did not exceed 35 %. Insignificant characteristic damage (no more than 5 % of leaves in the lower part of the tree crown) was documented on the European maple ( A. platanoides L.) in the IF SB RAS arboretum. There were no signs of damage on the European field maple ( A. campestre L.) and the North American maple ( A. negundo L.) in the IF SB RAS arboretum and CSBG SB RAS. According to characteristic features, in particular, tight trophic association with Tatar maple (main host), damage type (spunning leaves in early summer and noticeable nibbles on leaves by mid-summer), life cycle (larval development from about the mid May to the end of June, leaving leaf shelters before pupation), the presence of an alien species Ypsolopha chazariella (Mann, 1866) (Ypsolophidae, Lepidoptera) is suspected in two Siberian arboreta. The paper discusses the prospects of using arboreta and botanical gardens for the timely detection of alien insect pests.

The review of the book by Allison J. D., Paine T. D., Slippers B., Wingfield M. J. (Eds.). Forest entomology and pathology. Vol. I. Entomology. Springer Nature: Cham, Switzerland, 2023. 810 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11553-0