Home – Home – Jornals – Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics 2023 number 5

The results of a numerical study of the equilibrium parameters of a one-dimensional chain consisting of three dust particles levitating in the electric fields of a gas-discharge plasma are presented. A numerical model is considered in which the motion of dust particles is simulated taking into account the action of the Coulomb repulsion force, external electric field, gravity, electrostatic force induced by the space charge of the plasma, as well as the ion drag force described analytically. A comparison has been made of the spatial distributions of the plasma space charge and potential around dust particles, as well as the equilibrium structural parameters of a chain of dust particles, depending on whether the ion drag force is taken into account analytically or not. It is shown that when the force of ion drag is taken into account analytically, the chain of dust particles as a whole is displaced in the direction of the ion flow. In this case, the distances between dust particles turn out to be smaller than in the case of neglecting the force of ion drag.

The paper described further development of a gas-jet method of synthesizing diamond coatings with the use of a high-velocity jet for transporting the gas mixture (hydrogen, methane, and argon) activated in a microwave discharge to a silicon substrate. A substrate holder is developed, which ensures substrate integrity under thermal loading under conditions of chemical vapor deposition. The diamond synthesis rate in the present experiments is higher than that obtained previously in microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition experiments without addition of argon.

The generation of a low-frequency low-pressure inductive discharge with ferromagnetic enhancement of the magnetic coupling between the inductor and plasma is investigated. The main features and advantages of this plasma generation method for surface ion-plasma treatment technologies are considered. New experimental data on electrophysical and dynamic characteristics of ferromagnetic-enhanced low-pressure inductive discharge in argon with the addition of oxygen are presented. It is shown that the radial distribution of plasma parameters in a gas-discharge chamber can be controlled using distributed discharge generation. Significant fluctuations in the electron temperature during the period of oscillations of the discharge electric field are found, and the mechanism of their occurrence is analyzed.

A method for measuring the temperature of the silicon melt during plasma-chemical electron-beam refining is proposed. The method is based on measuring the radiation intensity from the melt in the infrared range and comparing it with the temperature. It is established that the refined silicon temperature can be varied from 1500 K to 2600 K by changing the refining conditions, in particular, the electron beam current.

This study demonstrates that the surface roughness of a copper sample can be controlled by treating it with glow discharge plasma. It is established that the main process affecting the morphology and composition of the surface is oxidation. Treatment causes various copper oxide nano- and microstructures on the surface of a copper sample. It is shown that, in the parameter range studied, the working gas pressure has a more significant effect on the formation of various structures than the glow discharge current density. As a result of the treatment, various stages of the surface oxidation are observed, caused by differences in the surface temperature.

Electron beam annealing of a thin film of amorphous silicon suboxide with a stoichiometric coefficient of 0.5 was carried out in a vacuum chamber. The exposure time was 10~min at an accelerating electron beam voltage of 1000 V and a current strength of 75 mA. Using probe measurements and calculations, the transverse distribution of the current density in the electron beam was obtained, which was in good agreement with normal distribution. The current density on the beam axis was 0.8 mA/mm². It was found that the electron beam annealing of the thin film of amorphous suboxide silicon led to the formation of crystalline silicon nanoparticles with a size of (4.1±0.1) nm. The crystallite sizes do not depend on the electron beam current density, in contrast to the degree of crystallinity, which decreases from 40% on the beam axis to zero (amorphous structure) on the periphery. It is assumed that in the process of formation nanocrystalline silicon, a liquid phase is formed.

This paper presents a brief overview of experimental studies carried out at the Institute of Thermophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, to investigate the gas dynamics of low-density supersonic jets, including the creation of a vacuum gas-dynamic complex, the development of electron beam and laser methods diagnostics, studies of the influence of viscosity and nonequilibrium effects on the region of free supersonic expansion and the shock-wave structure of underexpanded jets. Problems are considered, and examples of using vacuum stands to model the power, thermal, and polluting effects of full-scale jets of orientation engines on the structural elements of spacecraft and orbital stations are presented.

Specific features of gas flows exhausting from supersonic nozzles to a submerged space under conditions of clusterization are considered. Radiation of particles in the flow is initiated by a well-focused high-voltage electron beam. Radiation is measured by a high-resolution camera and a spectrometer with a wide range of wavelengths. For characteristic sizes of jets of condensing gases in the entire range of examined stagnation pressures and background ambient space, it is possible to use the same dependence on the parameters as that in the case with a correction factor for taking into account the influence of condensation, which, in turn, depends on the cluster size. The form of the correction factor is presented. The dependence of the previously detected process of formation of a secondary external jet in flows of easily condensing gases (“cluster wake”) is studied. The reasons and conditions for the emergence of this effect are considered. The processes of formation of the traditional spindle-shaped jet and the new secondary jet are compared. The results of measurements of the diameters of the traditional and secondary jets in the maximum cross sections by means of photometry in various exhaust regimes are reported. The reasons for the differences in formation of the traditional and secondary jets under conditions of developed condensation of particles are considered. The “cluster wake” is found to affect the process of gas penetration from the ambient space to the supersonic flow. Specific features of radiation of the particles of the “cluster wake” are considered, and the time of existence of radiation in the excited state is estimated.

Supersonic gas flow from an annular nozzle into a low-pressure chamber is studied numerically using kinetic and continuum approaches. Such flows are used in gas-jet plasmachemical technologies based on the use of an electron beam passing through an axial channel. The study is performed by the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method and by solving continuum equations using ANSYS Fluent software. It is shown that the solutions obtained are in good agreement with each other even in low-density regions of the electron beam channel. This leads to the conclusion that ANSYS Fluent software is suitable for simulating flows of this type.

Wettability of textured surfaces of copper and carbon substrates is under study. It is revealed that the geometric parameters of the textures being created (e.g., depth and regularity) significantly affect the surface lyophilicity and the manner in which a water droplet spreads and moves. The contact angles obtained experimentally are consistent with the angles obtained via molecular dynamics simulations.

Dimensionless parameters and similarity laws that describe the geometric dimensions of a cermet weld bead formed during direct metal deposition are determined. A VT-6 titanium alloy and ceramics (silicon carbide, SiC) with different volume fractions are used as a powder mixture. A model for estimating the thermophysical parameters of a heterogeneous material is proposed. It is shown that, regardless of the volume fraction of ceramics, the dimensionless geometric parameters of a single track (depth, width, and height) depend on two dimensionless parameters: normalized enthalpy and the Peclet number. Also, these dependences can be approximated by algebraic expressions.

Results of a numerical simulation of an unsteady flow in an axisymmetric intake with internal compression tested in a hotshot wind tunnel with a fixed-volume settling chamber are discussed. The present simulations reveal the main features of various modes: unsteady processes of wind tunnel and intake starting, quasi-steady flow over the started intake with a supersonic flow velocity in the intake duct, and subsequent ulterior transition to the flow with a detached bow shock wave in front of the air intake with a subsonic flow velocity in the duct. A previously unknown mode of the flow over the intake with pulsing motion of the bow shock wave is observed. It is shown that pulsations decay with time, and the bow shock wave position in the incoming flow becomes stabilized at a certain distance from the leading edge of the intake with the test flow in the wind tunnel being preserved.

The problem of instantaneous injection or withdrawal of Newtonian fluid through an injection or production well into an infinite reservoir with a vertical main fracture of constant width at a given constant bottomhole pressure and constant reservoir pressure is considered. Analytical solutions are obtained for the pressure fields in the fracture and reservoir during injection or withdrawal of fluid, as well as for the flow velocity in the fracture. An explicit expression for the fluid leak-off (leak-in) from the fracture into the reservoir (from the reservoir into the fracture) and equations of particle trajectories in in the fracture and reservoir are obtained. For the solutions obtained, graphs are plotted for the pressure fields, fluid velocity distributions in the fracture, and fluid leak-off from the final fracture into a finite reservoir for different reservoir permeabilities.

Direct numerical simulation of interaction between a laminar boundary layer and a shock wave at a Mach number of 1.45 is performed. The influence of a periodic thermal source on the nature of this interaction is described.

The aim of this research to assess the thermal performance of a locally developed two-phase closed thermosyphon system charged with methanol. The performance of the system is examined through experiments to determine the impact of changes in the electrical heat power, liquid charge, flow rate, inclination angle, and cooling water temperature on the output temperature. Temperatures at various points of the heat pipe, as well as cooling water, are recorded. Several fluid loadings are examined, ranging from 4 to 9 ml, which corresponds to the limits of the half full and overfilled evaporator. Different flow rates in the interval 0.2-0.7 kg/min, heat input in the interval 13.0-41.4 W, and cooling water temperature in the interval 15-35 °C are considered. According to the findings, the ideal liquid fill ratio provides the best results in terms of the output temperature, and the heat transfer coefficient is between 64 and 71%. The impact of the adiabatic zone insulation on the temperature distribution along the heat pipe is illustrated.

The effect of a hole radius in an elastic layer on a critical external load at the moment of the onset of fracture, determined by the energy criterion, is investigated. Using the free energy flow through an interaction arc as a fracture criterion makes it possible to describe the dependence of the critical external load on the hole radius. The length of the interaction arc constructed in the vicinity of a free energy peak point is determined using a linear parameter. The introduced linear parameter for a polymethyl methacrylate layer is obtained using known experimental data. The maximum value of the linear parameter can be taken as a material constant.

Based on the Timoshenko beam theory, the vibration properties of a bidirectional functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite beam are investigated. The governing equation of free vibration for the composite beam is derived, which considers the main influential factors, such as the gradient index and the distribution, aspect ratio, and volume ratio of carbon nanotubes. The differential quadrature method is used to solve the governing equation. The natural frequency of the composite beam is obtained. It is found that the natural frequency and vibration mode shapes of the beam are dependent upon the gradient index, nanotube distribution, and volume ratio of nanotubes. However, it should be pointed out that the nanotube distribution in the height direction and the volume ratio of nanotubes have very limited effects on the mode shapes of the composite beam.

In order to study the hardening that occurs during the application of coatings obtained by spraying powder material, experiments were carried out on glass shot blasting of steel test strips using a CCDS2000 detonation complex. Experimental dependences of the cold hardening depth δ and the magnitude of residual stresses σ in the hardened layer on processing parameters (size, density and velocity of particles, strength of the test strip material) were obtained. Engineering formulas are proposed for calculating the values of δ and σ.

A model is proposed for assessing the durability of a bundle of identical fibers under conditions of brittle fracture in the region of tensile stresses located to the left of the Griffiths fracture threshold. It is shown that in the specified stress range, the average durability and the dispersion of durability values increase indefinitely with decreasing tensile stress. Estimates were obtained for the incubation period of durability, its confidence probability and the lower limit of the number of elements of a bundle of identical fibers that guarantee the required durability of the bundle.

Two models are considered, which describe the equilibrium state between an inhomogeneous two-dimensional body with two connected rigid inclusions. The first model corresponds to an elastic body with three-dimensional rigid inclusions located in regions with a constant width (curvilinear rectangle and trapezoid). The second model involves thin inclusions described by curves. In both models, it is assumed that there is a crack described by the same curve on the interface between the elastic matrix and rigid inclusions. The crack boundaries are subjected to a one-sided condition of non-penetration. The dependence of the solutions of equilibrium problems on the width of three-dimensional inclusions is studied. It is shown that the solutions of equilibrium problems in the presence of three-dimensional inclusions in a strong topology are reduced to the solutions of problems for thin inclusions with the width parameter tending to zero.

Using metallographic and ultrasonic pulse-echo methods, studies of the destruction process of St3sp steel under uniaxial tension and fatigue were carried out. Samples were cut from the welded joint, namely from the zone of the base metal and the area of incomplete recrystallization in the heat-affected zone. A comparative analysis of the evolution of rough slip bands in the heat-affected zone and in the base metal was carried out. A connection has been established between the Poisson's ratio, determined by the ultrasonic method, and the mechanical characteristics of the material. Methods have been proposed for estimating the plasticity life under uniaxial tension and the number of cycles before failure due to fatigue.

This paper presents a solution to the Gadolin problem of the evolution of stressed states during the shrink-fit assembly of two cylindrical pipes. The materials of the assembly parts are described using the mathematical model of an ideal elastic-viscoplastic material. The friction law is specified on the contact surface of the materials of the assembly. The yield criterion is taken to be the condition of maximum octahedral stresses (Mises condition) in which the yield stress depends significantly on local temperature. Calculations of time-varying thermal stresses are performed in successive time steps, depending on the temperature distribution reached by that time. The results of calculations of the residual stress and fit interference in the assembly are compared with the values obtained from a numerical-analytical solution of the one-dimensional problem. It is noted that the calculations neglecting the singularity in the boundary conditions predict the different behavior of the fit interference in the near-end region of the structure.

The current state of social and economic processes in Russian restaurant business is the result of several crises of 2019-2022. In the last five years a combination of macroeconomic factors, influencing the development of economic instability in the external environment of Russian restaurant business, was formed, which in turn affected the change in strategic management in this field. The transformation of the strategic management of restaurant business takes place in several directions, one of which is the transition to the process model of management and the formation, in this regard, of new systems of assessment of strategies of management, based on the balance score card. The goal of the study is formation of the methods of assessment of strategic potential, which are adapted to the process model of management and make it possible to create a relevant base for making strategic managerial decisions. The methods of the study are: comparative analysis, statistical analysis, indicative analysis, SWOT analysis, method of ranking score of organization competitiveness. The result of the study is the methods of assessment of strategic potential of the organization of restaurant business, which are adapted to the process model of management and make it possible to create a relevant base for making strategic managerial decisions. The authors draw a conclusion that the system of indicators of efficiency of the strategy of development of the organization of restaurant business in the conditions of the transition to the process model of management should comply with the new requirements imposed by the external environment characterized by a high degree of uncertainty.

Currently, the development of the efficiency of bank lending is directly related to ensuring sustainable economic growth. A significant increase in the efficiency of the credit process is achieved through the mechanism of preliminary credit analysis - a set of control and settlement measures aimed at identifying and assessing the risks of increasing the volume of loans provided by a credit institution to borrowers. The key disadvantage of classical methods of assessing the financial condition of an enterprise is the static nature of models, which leads to a decrease in their predictive power due to the action of regional, industry, and market specifics. The article presents the results of a study of the most common modeling methods in the analysis of the borrower’s financial statements for the algorithm of their compilation and accuracy in relation to small and medium-sized businesses in the Novosibirsk region. The research methodology includes formal logical methods - analysis, synthesis, induction, as well as methods of mathematical statistics - correlation analysis, attributive distribution, classification. The object of the study is models for assessing the financial condition of the borrower. The subject of the study is assessment tools and methods for assessing the financial condition of an enterprise. The purpose of the study is to develop a universal system of indicators included in the borrower’s preliminary assessment model.

The article considers the peculiarities of process-based management for optimization of accounting business processes. Including: the approaches to the definition of the “business process” notion were generalized and this notion was clarified regarding “accounting business processes”. The paper gives general description of accounting business processes as a system with determination of key elements: entry and exit, owners and consumers of the business-process, resources and tools. The classification of accounting business processes with marking out the main groups (operational and supporting business processes, business processes of management and development) is done.

The paper characterizes the methodological features of recognition and assessment of unrecognized tax benefits from the position of the rules of American standards. The general principle of recording contingent liabilities arising from uncertainty in income tax in the accounting accounts is established. The affirmative and impairment approaches are clarified as they apply to accounting for the effect of tax positions on an entity’s financial position. It is determined that the key disadvantage of the affirmative approach is the lack of possibility to register the tax asset in the accounting in case the tax position recognition threshold is not reached. The peculiarities of deferred tax accounting for certain tax positions are specified. We argue the necessity of disclosure of information about unrecognized tax benefits in the notes to the financial statements. The following are highlighted as promising areas for future research: a comparative analysis of accounting for unrecognized tax benefits under U.S. and international standards; a rationale for the acceptability of the impairment approach; and characterization of the benefits of reconciliation with the tax authority for unrecognized tax positions.

The distribution of failed HDD and SSD drives from various manufacturers by operation time in one of the world’s largest cloud storage companies Backblaze data centers for a long period has been studied. As a result of the study, time ranges with the maximum share of failed drives were determined. It was found that along with the maxima corresponding to the declared drives technical characteristics, for almost all brands there is a large number of failures also in the initial operation period. A method of taking this circumstance into account when evaluating the data centers’ effectiveness is proposed.

Currently there are several methods of data storage, such as table and object, as JSON objects. National and foreign scientists conducted studies on the comparison of performance of relational database management systems and NoSQL database management system, but there were no studies that compared the performance in data insertion and storage using ordinary records and JSON objects within the relational database management system. An experiment was carried out in terms of the real examples of corporate use of the database management system; the results show the relevance of the use of JSON objects in storage of large volumes of data.

Public-private partnership, being one of the instruments of economic policy, actively used in the processes of creating and developing the infrastructure of Russian regions, has many forms. This circumstance predetermined the formulation of the purpose of the study, which is to develop a multi-criteria classification of PPPs in relation to regional economic policy. As a result of achieving this goal, the following results were obtained: the classification of PPP forms according to legal, organizational, managerial, functional and financial and economic criteria was carried out; the analysis of the practical application of PPP forms in Russian regions was carried out; measures were developed to ensure high rates of use of PPP forms in the implementation of regional economic policy.

Introduction. The problem of the correlation between the philosophy of law and the theory of law is extremely relevant for finding answers to a number of questions in the field of educational activity. To resolve it in order to teach the philosophy of law more effectively and expediently, in particular, it is necessary to discuss whether this branch of knowledge belongs to the legal or philosophical sciences; what is included in the subject of each of these branches of knowledge. Methodology. The problem of demarcation of the philosophy of law and the theory of law has been debatable for many years. A number of researchers refer the philosophy of law to philosophical sciences, other researchers - to the system of sciences of jurisprudence. The author offers her view on the differentiation of these branches of knowledge, using in particular an axiological approach. Discussion. It is shown that the philosophy of law as a branch of philosophy is a system of knowledge about the essence of law, about the most general laws of knowledge of law; the subject of the theory of law is a generalization of knowledge about the existing legal regulation and trends in its development. In the ontological aspect, the subject of the philosophy of law is the study of the essence of law, and the subject of the theory of law is the analysis of the phenomena of law: both their forms and contents. The epistemology of law as a philosophical branch of knowledge has such features as the ideological nature of philosophical cognition, the subjectivity of philosophical images of law, the a priori nature of philosophical cognition, while the theoretical and legal comprehension of law is characterized by praxeological nature, the desire for freedom from the influence of subjective preferences of the cognizing subject and inductive thinking. There are also a number of differences between socio-legal philosophy and the theory of law, philosophical and legal axiology and value approach in the theory of law. Conclusion. It is concluded that, taking into account the differences in the subject, goals and nature of philosophical and legal and theoretical-legal cognitive activity, it makes sense to consider the philosophy of law as a philosophical branch of knowledge.

Introduction. Post-industrial society is characterized by increased attention to social capital, since its improvement significantly affects its progress. Accompanying the process of professional self-determination provides significant opportunities for qualitative research in society, which leads to the involvement in this process of perception of its largest share. The changing nature of the social space dictates the study of such problem-oriented approaches as adaptation and diversification at the level of the individual and society. Methodology. The concept of synergy allows most accurately reflecting the uniqueness of the processes taking place in society. Understanding the issues of the profession and professional self-determination in modern conditions provide developments in the field of professionalism. Such an interdisciplinary support provides the potential for revealing such key concepts for the phenomenon of professional self-determination as “adaptationˮ and “diversificationˮ. Discussion. Based on the understanding of the requirements for a modern professional, the process of inflation of the traditional understanding of professionalism and the formation of transprofessionalism was revealed. The importance of the adaptive properties of the personality for the process of professional self-determination in the conditions of society, which by its nature is prone to uncertainty and unpredictability, is shown. Such characteristics of the social space were developed and described using the methodology of social synergy, which made it possible to most fully trace the breadth of the impact on the individual and her process of choosing a profession. A factor from the side of the society, assisting the process of professional self-determination, is the strategy of diversification. Conclusion. The process of professional self-determination is regulated by many intrapersonal and social factors, is complex and multicomponent. Reliance on the development of such a quality as adaptability in the process of training personnel and the development of strategies for diversifying the social space seem to be the basis for finding solutions to emerging issues in the process of professional self-determination and social development in general.

Introduction. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the existing variety of textbooks and teaching aids and, at the same time, the lack of clear criteria for the selection of regional and linguistic-cultural material. In the context of the implementation of the concept of regionalization of higher education, a draft textbook on the Russian language for foreign citizens is presented in order to find and interpret information on ways to solve the problem of successful socio-cultural adaptation of foreign citizens in Russia. The methodology of the research is determined by the basic definition of the regional component in the content of education for understanding the prospects of its implementation in the practice of teaching foreign students. Competence, communicative and socio-cultural approaches, as well as various conceptual views on the problems of creating a modern textbook of the Russian language for foreigners, reflect the specifics of Novosibirsk from a geographical, historical and socio-pedagogical point of view. To solve the problems of socio-cultural adaptation of foreign students in the educational space of Russian universities, a draft textbook “Novosibirsk: welcome!” is proposed for discussion. Discussion. The principle of regionalization determined the choice of textual content of the textbook for foreigners, the principle of communication ensured the consistency of the presentation of the material from general information to more local and specific topics. The socio-pedagogical approach has become a source of value-marked content of the publication. Communicative and competence-based approaches have determined the sequence and specifics of texts, tasks and exercises that simulate real communication situations, forming students’ ability to independently solve language, speech, communicative and cognitive tasks. Conclusion. The principles of regionalization and speech competence in combination with a communicative approach to teaching are an appropriate guideline for the selection and structuring of language material in the process of preparing regionally oriented educational publications on the Russian language intended for foreigners.

Introduction. The article discusses the functioning of some Internet symbols in virtual reality. Memes and comics have acquired special importance in mass communication. Their specifics are considered in the article in sufficient detail. In our opinion, the semiotic community of Internet symbols with other components of symbol-making inherent in man is most deeply revealed in the scientific literature. Research on the use of these symbols in educational activities is interesting. Methodology. The construction of communications through the Internet symbols generates the need for various forms of their interpretation. This makes it possible to turn to hermeneutical and phenomenological methodology which allows presenting the constructing function of Internet symbols. Methods of analysis, synthesis, and analogy are used. The existential-analytical approach allows determining the specifics of user activity in the construction of virtual reality. Discussion. The main focus of the article has been shifted to the constructive nature of Internet symbols. It is assumed that they play an active role not only in the transmission of information and the emotional state of the user, but also affect other communication parameters. The need and the possibility of various interpretations of symbols create an open, dynamic form of communication. Hermeneutical practices become a necessary component of communication in the context of symbolic virtual reality. The symbolic field of virtuality is open to existential representation of communication participants. Memes, comics and other symbolic forms are in great demand in educational practice. Complementing the motivation of studying the subject, symbolic forms construct fragments of a new reality. An analogy is drawn between the formation of virtual reality and the construction of social reality. The importance of emotional interpretations of Internet symbols is emphasized. Conclusion. The possibility of communication and unification through emotional identification allows considering the virtual symbolic field as an addition to social reality. At the same time, the concept of constructing the capabilities of Internet symbols that create a special virtual reality is substantiated. This reality is identical to myth-making, and a person who is in this reality identifies him/herself with the world of symbols, forming the “clipˮ thinking and an emotionally diverse, but mythological picture of the world.

Introduction. Contemporary psychological and pedagogical concepts tend to interpret in various ways mental and social “(in)adequacy” of the child. At the ontological level, this situation actualizes the need for understanding childhood as a contradictory but holistic phenomenon. Such a fundamental analysis of the nature of childhood and growing up permeates the works of the Russian philosopher V. V. Bibikhin. However, the thematization of this area seems to be presented in his works rather fragmentarily, mainly in the form of notes and examples accompanying the discussion of other ontological issues of human being and thinking. Methodology. Examining various works of this thinker, the qualitative content analysis helped in identifying fragments that refer to the phenomena of childhood and growing up. By means of systematization, these data were generalized and represented through interpretation, commenting with elements of hermeneutic analysis. Discussion. Using rich empirical material, Bibikhin shows the features of a child’s development through the transformation of his/her attitude to the world, words and events, the possible and the real, him-/herself and the Other. It is in this vein that the article systematizes the thinker’s views on growing up - through consideration of what the baby gains, loses and transforms at each stage in relation to the designated ontological phenomena. Having a natural inclination to express self-perception, child at first, in the form of babbling “monologues”, gives an account of the exciting changes in the world around him/her and his/her own state. An event vision and a holistic assessment of the situation are developing according to the principles of “like - dislike”, “good - bad”, “this - not that”. An adult language is acquired by processing the already existing ability to name thanks to the constant trying on roles, “getting used to” all the surrounding objects, creatures, phenomena. Continuous role-playing of situations and active development of the space of the imaginary prepare the opening of the “perspective of the grammatical first person”. Conclusion. This is how the proper human perception system tends to be established, built on the category of difference (or boundary), based on the awareness of self-identity in the first acts of reflection.

Introduction. The discussion of the features of prosociality as a social attribute and the result of prosocial education, its definition and essential characteristics requires clarification of sociality as a result of education in comparison with prosociality, asociality and dissociality, where the social phenomenon of prosociality is formed through prosocial education. The purpose of this article is to study the socio-philosophical category “prosocial educationˮ. Methodology. The study used a categorical-system methodology and its methods: the categorical pendulum method and formal-logical overview information to analyze the categories accompanying prosocial impact. Discussion: the American way of life and its influence on the new generation of Russia, which allows us to build the structure of the categorical series of prosociality based on the method of the categorical pendulum; structural categories are defined “societyˮ, “social realityˮ, “lifestyleˮ, “exchangeˮ, “dependenceˮ, “connectionˮ, “freedom from social valuesˮ, “isolationˮ, “alien cultureˮ, “transformation of national identityˮ, “formation of social deformations“, “violation of moralityˮ etc. Conclusion. The use of the formal-logical method made it possible to define “prosocial educationˮ as an activity carried out in society and aimed at reproducing a person, changing his national identity, assimilating values and lifestyle of another (alien) society. In the current situation of social development, prosocial education has already taken a stable position, which is due to significant changes in personal characteristics towards a hostile attitude towards the Russian social order. The extrapolation of alien values, views and lifestyles to the younger generation increases the gap between different generations of people, and, ultimately, can lead to a split in Russian society.

Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the need to create digital educational environments that meet the needs of introducing and implementing flexible educational trajectories for students, the need to describe and generalize the experience of students’ educational practices in a digital educational environment in an environment where digital technologies are cross-cutting for the implementation of state national projects. Methodology. The study is based on the principles of the sociology of the digital society on the impact of digital technologies on social processes, including communication, and the principles of the digital society cognition methodology. The article considers the opinions and assessments of students about digital environments and services used in the educational practices of the university. Discussion. Students are active in using the digital educational environment, highly appreciate the possibilities of the digital educational environment in achieving personal learning outcomes. Students highly appreciate the educational content presented in the digital environment of the university in terms of its relevance, information content, completeness, and give a lower rating to the design, design and interactive content of the courses. There is an interest of students in the development of a personal educational trajectory, including on the basis of digital technologies, while they are poorly informed about the concept of an individual educational trajectory. Conclusion. To improve the efficiency of using the digital educational environment, it is necessary to take measures to inform about digital resources and services used in the organization on a regular basis to develop students’ digital competencies, provide methodological and organizational support to all users of the digital educational environment, including students. While the skills of self-care in the digital educational environment are becoming more and more in demand, students do not pay enough attention to the issues of ethical and safe online behavior.

Introduction. The main goal of the strategy of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation is to ensure the promotion of Russian technologies and innovative products to world markets with an increase in income from the export of high-tech products, rights to these technologies, which in general will strengthen Russia’s competitiveness in the world. Planning the transition to the 7th technological order (knowledge economy) requires the formation of creative thinking and the accumulation of cognitive capital in the education system. Methodology. The structural and system tools of the components of the object of research in the field of education in the form of cybernetic modeling are used. Discussion. Improvement of the current state of scientific and technological development of the Russian state, its economic, technical and technological security is possible with the transition to a new innovative model of education development in Russia, which will ensure the growth of the intellectual potential of the country, through the formation of creative thinking and the formation of cognitive capital of students. The practice-oriented training of specialists considered in the article, which is in demand in organizations producing competitive products on the domestic and world markets, is formulated in the tasks and strategies of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. The education system in the Russian Federation needs to switch to new professional standards and practice-oriented methodology that require the growth of the cognitive capital of professional groups. Their development is formed by creating an educational system that has the ability to perceive and increase the cognitive capital of Russian society in a new way.

Introduction. The effectiveness of the educational process in teaching a foreign language is directly related to motivation and adaptation. In order to discover the mechanisms of self-motivation and self-adaptation, as well as to find ways to effectively organize the educational process, the effect of communication and professional motives as semantic aspects of social interaction integrating motivation and adaptation is investigated. Methodology. The epistemological interpretation of the concepts of “adaptability”, “adaptability”, “adaptation of students”, “motivation”, “motivation”, “communication” and “professional motives” allows us to consider in a new way the relationship of the organization of an effective educational process with the study of a foreign language and the assessment of the level of preparedness of students of a secondary specialized educational institution. Discussion. Adaptation and motivation of students to the educational environment is considered as an effective factor of professional development. The study of the level of internal motivation of the student to study the discipline of a Foreign language and the search for ways to increase the adaptation of students to the educational process within the framework of the discipline under study revealed the importance of the trajectory of activity-instrumental improvement of both the subject and the object of the educational ecosystem, as well as the general focus of students directly on improving their own adaptation. Conclusion. In the conditions of new types of social and educational relations, a constant analysis of the effectiveness of integrative types of communication activities is required, reflecting the ability of an individual to use communication skills in his native and foreign languages for successful formation in future professional activity. The level of adaptation and motivation depends on the degree of availability of professional motives, including the specifics of the increased level of various types of communication.

Introduction. The introduction substantiates the need to define prolegomena that contribute to the understanding of the phenomenon called “intercultural communication” (hereinafter IC) in the context of the eternal categories of Good and Evil. Methodology. Within the framework of the method of historical and philosophical reconstruction, the origins of prolegomena are explicated, which, through the prism of the categories of Good and Evil, lead to the juxtaposition of culture and anti-culture, expressed in the opposition medicine - antimedicine. Discussion. The peculiarity of the work is the definition and description in the religious and philosophical aspect of the prolegomena of IC in medicine. The authors refer to these as a language that opens the door to a culture based on tradition, in the light of which the younger generation is brought up and trained, a worldview is formed and preserved. Culture is based on eternal values, especially on faith, driven by love-gratitude to the Creator, to man as a creation of God, to his people and fatherland. In this regard, attention is focused on medicine as a special culture that has its own language in the form of terminogenesis, characterized by homogeneity, heterochrony and continuity. The status of the peculiarity of the culture of medicine is due to the disease, in the confrontation of which the basic models of relationships were formed, preserving and transmitting from generation to generation the experience of cognitive, educational and therapeutic activities. In the global space of the culture of medicine, the past and the present, death and life are combined, interfering, while the basic values of human existence, ideas about Good and Evil are crystallized. Conclusion. The authors come to the conclusion that the religious and philosophical aspect allows to reveal the origins of the prolegomena of the IC, originating in the sacred area, where Good and Evil are distinguished, immanently inherent in human life. Related to the Good are: language, tradition, culture, knowledge of history. With Evil - their simulacra. Today it is especially important to understand that knowledge of the culture of the past has a profound result of a general rise in the level of modern culture that provides effective intercultural communication in time and space.

Introduction. Students’ perception of the world and the successful interpretation of it in writing build self-esteem and a more positive opinion of their writing efforts. In the writing classroom ethical concerns may add a personal sense of purpose absent from many other disciplines. Confucian and Platonic dialogues may become valuable sources for rhetorical exploration with the emerging awareness of secondary orality as rhetoric is a complex system of ideas, values, psychology, language and technique of which truthfulness is fundamental. Methodology. A comparative analysis of the rhetorical approaches of Plato and Confucius in their writings on rhetoric, truth, and ethics is used as a methodological framework to broaden the understanding of the rhetoric of writing. Discussion. The purpose of the research was to explore how Confucius and Plato view rhetoric, and how these views inform and complicate our understanding of the ethical dimension of rhetoric and writing. Modern textbooks spend a great deal of time on strategies and exercises to help students improve various techniques that are often seen as separate entities. Issues of truth, ethics, and values are problematic for teachers of the culturally diverse student body of most colleges and universities. Introducing writing instruction based on the rhetorical approaches of Plato and Confucius has the potential to help students improve their critical skills as well as their writing skills. Conclusion. Comparing the rhetorical approaches of Plato and Confucius in their writings on rhetoric, truth and ethics offers educators valuable lessons and insights into the importance of maintaining the ethical dimension of written discourse when teaching writing. Writing should be presented as a complex system of skills, ideology, and psychology, and students who gain insight into this system will have a more accurate and truthful understanding of what writing should be and is.