Home – Home – Jornals – "Philosophy of Education" 2023 number 2

We present the results of study of the geologic structure, petrologic composition, and age of plagiogranitoid associations in the east of the Kaa-Khem batholith (Eastern Tuva). The batholith is located in the junction zone of the Tannu-Ola island arc (TIA) of Vendian-early Cambrian age and the Precambrian rocks of the Tuva-Mongolian microcontinent (TMM). Plagiogranitoids of this region formed in an accretion-collision setting in the period 490-450 Ma. Three stages of formation of plagiogranitoid associations have been established (~489, ~476, and ~450 Ma). The plagiogranitoid associations in the east of the Kaa-Khem batholith do not differ in petrologic composition and age from the plagiogranitoid associations (500-450 Ma) in the west. Xenogenic zircons in the studied plagiogranitoids of the eastern Kaa-Khem batholith have ages of 2335-517 Ma. Their ages are divided into several clusters (524-517, 549-536, 615-586, 684-647, 739-735, 810-794, 842-827, and 2335 Ma) reflecting the heterogeneity of the crust in the TIA-TMM junction zone. The wide range of ages and the abundance of xenogenic zircons in plagiogranitoids of the eastern Kaa-Khem batholith testify to the contribution of older crustal sources to the granite formation at all stages of accretion-collision processes (from 490 to 450 Ma). The much narrower age range of xenogenic zircon (616-474 Ma) and its low contents in coeval plagiogranitoids of the western Kaa-Khem batholith are consistent with their localization within the TIA and the relative homogeneity of the crust in the area of felsic-melt generation. In the west, the influence of older crustal sources was insignificant and manifested itself only at the final stage (~450 Ma) of accretion-collision processes.

A large regional-scale Ordovician continental basin has been revealed for the first time in Siberia. Sedimentary structures in the Ordovician rocks of Tyva represent deposition environments of rivers, oxbow lakes, dunes, river deltas, tidal, and coastal plains. Ichnofossils record a succession from freshwater (limnic-fluvial) to deltaic and tidal facies. Integrated studies of sedimentary rocks from Central Tyva show that they were deposited on a coastal plain within a large river delta. The Central Tyva Ordovician basin was similar to the coeval basins of the Gondwanian continents in the style of clastic and redbed deposition.

The leading role of lithostratigraphic, structural/tectonic, magmatic, metamorphic, and fluid geologic factors in the formation of a graphite deposit is substantiated. We present the petrographic and chemical compositions of rocks and minerals of igneous rocks, the δ¹³С values of graphites and calcitites, the δ¹⁸O values of carbonates, the δ³⁴S values of sulfides, and the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr ratios in calcitites and microdolerite injections. The thermal effect of magmatic melt on coal led to its degassing and graphitization. The steaming of microdolerite injections with hydrocarbon fluids was probably accompanied by the removal of iron from them and the crystallization of low-Fe clinopyroxene, and the interaction of fluids with basaltic melt in the upper endocontact zone of the intrusion led to the segregation of the melt and the formation of a globular structure of rocks. The presence of a calcite lens and a sulfide vein between the roof of the intrusion and the graphite bed is due to the earlier intrusion of sulfate salt melt and its subsequent interaction with hydrocarbon fluids, which resulted in sulfate reduction and the formation of calcites. The sulfate reduction terminated with iron sulfurization in the basaltic melt and the formation of a sulfide vein. Sulfate salt melt was a source of heavy sulfur isotope (δ³⁴S = 14.9-17.5‰) for sulfides and of calcium for calcites. The similar isotope compositions of calcites (δ¹³С_PDB = -22.5 to -23.5‰), coals (-22.6 to -25.5‰, n = 25), and graphites (-23.5 to -25.0) suggest that coal is a source of carbon for calcitites. In the isotopic compositions of strontium (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ≈ 0.70834-0.70885) and oxygen δ¹⁸O ≈ 15‰) the calcites are similar to the Devonian evaporites of the Siberian Platform. The isotope data (δ³⁴S, δ¹⁸O, δ¹³С, and ⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr) point to the participation of the coal seam and anhydrite as sources of substance in the formation of calcitite and sulfide mineralization.

The behavior of fluids during plastic deformation is studied from the morphology and distribution of fluid inclusions in quartz grains of different microstructure types from a vein system controlled by thrusting and strike-slip faulting in the eastern Sayan-Baikal fold area. The analytical work includes electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) for quartz microstructure and crystallography, as well as Linkam heating-and-freezing analysis and Raman spectroscopy for the composition of fluid inclusions. The studied fluid inclusions are of seven types that differ in morphology and position in the deformed quartz structure. A model is suggested to describe successive structural changes of quartz aggregates during dislocation sliding and subsequent creep-related recrystallization associated with redistribution of fluid. Fluid inclusions undergo qualitative and quantitative changes due to water leakage at all stages of plastic deformation. The changes occur by two main mechanisms: (i) mass transfer during dislocation sliding at medium temperatures and strain rates and (ii) diffusion creep at low strain rates and high temperatures. The contribution of creep increases gradually with temperature, which maintains the interaction of inclusions with migrating grain boundaries.

We studied the bottom sediments of lake systems located in the taiga landscape of Siberia. In the south of Western Siberia, there are 11 lakes in the subzone of the south taiga and 9 lakes in the subtaiga subzone. On the territory of the south of Eastern Siberia in the taiga zone there are 10 lakes on the southern coast of Lake Baikal, 5 lakes on its east coast and 6 lakes are located on the territory of the national park “Alkhanai” in Transbaikalia. Studies of the chemical composition of water, soil, and sediment samples were conducted at the Analytical Center for multi-elemental and isotope research SB RAS, Novosibirsk. The use of a complex of modern analytical methods in the study of the same lake samples made it possible to obtain more reliable information (1861 samples of bottom sediment were studied). Quartz and feldspars of pelitic dimension dominate in the mineral composition of the terrigenous fraction, organic matter and authigenic minerals (opal, pyrite, illite and sometimes calcite) are added to them during the bottom sediments formation. The absolute contents of the studied elements in the bottom sediments of all lakes are lower than their concentrations in the upper continental crust and sedimentary rocks of the Russian Plate, with the exception of Si, Hg, Cd. In the lakes of the subtaiga of the south of Western Siberia, an exception was established for Ca in the bottom sediments of which carbonates predominate. Contents variations of a number of elements in the bottom sediments of taiga lakes in different regions do not significantly differ. The dispersion of their concentrations between lakes with a total catchment area and lakes from different regions are comparable (Ca, Sr, Al, Mn, Fe, Cd, Hg, etc.). The current sedimentation rate in natural occurrence in the lakes of the taiga zone (southern Siberia) vary from 1.1 to 2.9 mm/year. Moreover, it is comparable to the current sedimentation rate in the lakes of the forest-steppe and steppe zones of southwestern Siberia.

The study considers the distribution of organic carbon in different formations and facies of Cambrian age identified in the cis-Yenisei subbasin. Two groups of depositional environments were recognized in the deepwater perioceanic and epicontinental basins, which accumulated sediments with elevated and sometimes anomalously high concentrations of planktonic and benthic organic matter. These are 1) local centers in the Tommotian (Oksym Formation) and Botomian stages of the lower Cambrian, Mayan (Elogui and Pudzhelga Formations) and Ayusokkanian (Kondes Formation) stages of the middle Cambrian; 2) regional Kuonamka horizon, which is composed of Toyonian and Amgian deposits and occurs along the margins of the Siberian Platform; it is represented by the Inikan and Kuonamka formations in the east of the Siberian Platform and by the Paidugina Formation in the study area. The study shows that the organic matter has undergone a high degree of transformation and reached the apocatagenesis grade. The results of the study assume that the hydrocarbon generation intensity was high in the Cambrian formations of the cis-Yenisei subbasin in the geological past.

We report results of an integrated interpretation of geophysical data (2D CDP seismic acquisition and gravity and magnetic survey) conducted by Gazpromneft Science and Technology Center in the North Wrangel lease block on the East Siberian Sea shelf. The newly obtained geophysical data have allowed us to update the geological model of the sedimentary cover within the North Wrangel lease block, to clarify the limits of the Drem-Khed Trough, to reconstruct the conditions under which sedimentary complexes formed, and to identify possible promising oil and gas accumulation zones. We were able to determine the position of the main stratigraphic unconformities, to propose several approaches to their interpretation, and to identify the clinoform architecture of the Aptian-Albian and Cenozoic complexes within the Drem-Khed Trough. The integrated review of geological and geophysical data has been helpful in refining the framework of the main structures adjoining the trough and predicting the extent of potential reservoirs and oil and gas source rocks throughout the sedimentary cover. The Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic complexes are regarded as oil and gas exploration targets.

The integral Sumudu transform was established as an alternative to the Laplace transform in the 1990s. The Sumudu transform fundamental properties include preservation of the dimensionality of a function, ensuring measurement units both in the function and its image to be equivalent. Among its disadvantages is the absence of an explicit formula for calculating the inverse transform. The transforms are inverted by solving the corresponding Fredholm integral equation of the first kind, which is reduced to solving an ill-conditioned system of linear algebraic equations. We apply Tikhonov’s method for regularization of this type system. The paper proposes a technique for constructing a parametrized regularizing matrix that takes into account the properties of the Sumudu images obtained by modeling the electromagnetic sounding process of the Earth’s interior. A method for choosing the Tikhonov regularization parameters and the regularizing matrix is considered. The effectiveness of the proposed method for the Sumudu transform inversion is examined on a model problem of electromagnetic sounding of the Earth’s interior by a measurement system consisting of two loops spaced apart.

This paper describes a three-dimensional inversion of magnetovariational tippers calculated for the Dalat observatory in South Vietnam on the basis of the geomagnetic variation records obtained from the INTERMAGNET network. The inversion of the frequency dependences of the tippers is performed using the ModEM software, which makes it possible to construct a geoelectric model of the Dalat zone in a 300 × 300 × 150-km spatial region along the x , y , and z axes, with its center located at the observatory. The resulting model of the geoelectric section contains both surface and deep conductive blocks located at the top and bottom of the Earth’s crust and in the upper mantle. The central part of the upper local conducting block with a resistivity of 0.5-1.0 Ohm·m is located near the observatory at a depth of 12-14 km. A more massive conductive block is located to the east of the observatory in the coastal region. Its central part with a resistivity of 0.3 Ohm·m is located at a depth of 24-28 km and extends under the continent along the coast for a distance of about 80 km. The roots of this block are visible to depths of ~100 km in the South China Sea shelf region. It is assumed that the high electrical conductivity of these blocks is provided by melting in the presence of aqueous fluids and granite series rocks, which are widely distributed in the Dalat zone. The crystallization depths of the samples of these granites estimated from the geothermobarometry data are close to the depth intervals of conductive blocks in the model section, which was also observed in the interpretation of magnetotelluric soundings in Southern Tibet, where granitoid rocks are widespread.

The presence of an medium-range order in glassy materials, i.e., structural correlations on the nanometer scale, leads to fluctuations of elastic constants with the same characteristic correlation radius. The question of what is the characteristic amplitude of these fluctuations is of great interest both from the applied point of view and from the point of view of fundamental understanding of the structure and dynamics of glassy materials. In this study, we find the value of mean-square fluctuations of the shear modulus at the nanometer scale in salol (phenyl salicylate) molecular glass and its dependence on temperature during glass melting into a supercooled liquid. For this purpose, we use the theory of elasticity in a medium with spatial fluctuations of elastic constants in calculating the phonon free path using the perturbation theory. In addition, in the supercooled state of the material, we take into account the contribution of structure relaxation to phonon damping. Using the Ioffe-Regel criterion for the localization of transverse phonons, we find a relationship between the magnitude of shear modulus fluctuations and the frequency of the so-called boson peak caused by them in the spectrum of vibrational excitations of glasses. We determine this frequency from experimental data on the spectra of low-frequency inelastic light scattering in salol. A comparison with the theory makes it possible to find the temperature dependence of the rms fluctuations of the shear modulus at the nanometer scale. In addition, we compare this dependence with the temperature behavior of the Landau-Placzek parameter in salol. We also determine the temperature dependence of the radius of structural correlations in salol and glycerol and compare it with the temperature dependence of the size of the dynamic inhomogeneity.

The possibility of complete suppression of the instrumental error caused by inaccuracy of manufacturing of an angle-measuring structure, realized at an arbitrary form of the field of interaction of light radiation with the topology of the measuring structure is shown. This possibility is achieved by choosing a necessary structure of the encoder for which the principle of coherence of the complementary comb filters formed in the encoder is provided.

The system "movable electrode - nanometer gap - thin crystalline film of a material with a high value of dielectric permittivity - fixed electrode" is used to create high specific mechanical power microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Two-dimensional electromechanical waves are found to arise in such a system. The occurrence of such excitations limits the maximum specific power of electromechanical converters - actuators, MEMS motors, and generators. On the other hand, this phenomenon opens up wide possibilities of using such structures.

In real conditions, the experimenter deals with input superconducting converters, whose design in biomagnetic systems depends on the research conditions, presence of magnetic shielding, available cryogenic support, required sensitivity to magnetic field induction, and technological capabilities of developers. It is impossible to compare the results of studies obtained for different biomagnetic systems. The paper considers the issues of describing the source of the magnetic field of the heart based on the spatial-frequency transformations of the 2-D model of the current dipole. The depth of occurrence, location and orientation of the current dipole on the value of magnetic field induction and its spectrum over the space of the magnetic field measurement grid of the heart are investigated.

The results of experimental studies of the deformation of a rail under the force of a moving railway transport are presented. The studies are carried out using a highly sensitive deformation sensor with a limit level of relative deformation of 2 · 10^-7 . The possibilities of optical strain measurement for solving the problem of monitoring the technical condition of the running gear of wagons and the upper structure of the track are analyzed.

The study of the photothermal effect during laser ablation of a 45 nm thick molybdenum oxide film is carried out. A hypothesis on the relationship of the thermal conductivity coefficient of the dielectric film with the limiting value of the photothermal effect is presented. It is shown that, with a thermal conductivity coefficient of more than 5 W / (m• K), the rate of temperature change decreases sharply at the beginning of heating the film, which, together with the peculiarity (singularity?) of the temperature distribution, can have a multidirectional effect on the width of the track being formed. It has been experimentally established that, under the action of continuous laser radiation in the 45 nm thick molybdenum oxide film, it is possible to form tracks with a width almost 2 times smaller than the effective diameter of the laser beam.

The main ideas used in solving the problems of detecting and classifying objects by their images using neural network technologies are reviewed. The key publications devoted to the most popular ways to improve the accuracy of classification are considered. It is shown that neural network methods of object detection have achieved significant success in the last decade due to the use of convolutional technologies and practical implementation of the idea of deep learning using large visual databases. The main disadvantages, limitations, and possible directions of development of existing approaches are considered and analyzed.

Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is an expensive procedure that includes transcranial sonography and brain tomography. In this regard, simple and accurate screening diagnostic methods are relevant. The article deals with the analysis of handwritten static drawings of spirals and meanders using machine learning methods for diagnosing Parkinson's disease based on the publicly available HandPD dataset. Fuzzy classifiers are constructed using original methods that are able to determine the presence or absence of the disease by drawing. As the Hand PD dataset is unbalanced, oversampling algorithms are used in the work. A statistical comparison of the accuracy of the applied models and methods is carried out. The ranking of features is performed.

Results of the study usingtwo neural networks to solve the problem of detection and classification of microparticles in images obtained by restoring model and experimental holograms of aerosol media with a particle density of 180000 cm^-3 are reported. The first neural network is trained on a database of manually labeled particle images, while the second neural network is trained on a database based on algorithms for automatically distributing certain parts of images into classes. The results of operation of two neural networks are compared, ways of their further improvement are presented.

Modern small and medium-sized enterprises, such as IT companies, law, consulting, and logistics firms, use many electronic tools for management purposes to ensure internal information exchange. However, there are a number of tasks, such as registration of vacations, project reporting, issuance of professional literature, etc., which do not fit into the existing decision models. Some IT companies in such cases create their own services to automate the same type of procedures, but many companies do not have software solutions for automating it. The paper presents the model and architecture of software on an open software platform of the employee appraisal service - one of the above-mentioned non-standard tasks. Using the service will allow small and medium-sized companies to apply this flexible and simple solution to frequently occurring management tasks.

We apply a polynomial approach to low-order optimal controller design for linear stationary SISO systems described by differential-algebraic equations. Critical root diagrams and root polynomials are explored in low-order controller design in classical control systems. The method is illustrated on an unstable controlled plant defined by an improper transfer fraction with a 6th-degree numerator and a 4th-degree denominator. We find the settings of a few stabilizing PI₃-controllers and select the optimal one providing the maximum relative stability; the impulse response calculation confirms that the close loop system is astatic and impulse-free. The method scheme remains the same as that for the classical control systems; however, the arising polynomial systems turn out to be of a higher degree and more difficult for numerical solving.

The possibilities of photographing objects in an aquatic environment on acoustic waves by means of circular aperture synthesis are experimentally tested. An experimental setup has been created to implement a method for reconstructing the image of objects in cross sections using a trajectory Doppler signal. Image reconstruction is carried out by scanning an object placed inside a rotating cylindrical water tank controlled by a circular synthesized aperture focus. The algorithm of focus control and image construction is given. The experiment is conducted with the simplest text objects:metal point object and metal rod with a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 10 cm. The problems of implementing circular aperture synthesis using a cylindrical rotating water tank with piezo sensors attached to the inner wall of the tank are discussed.

A time-varying flow velocity method for a conceptual model of river flow generation is implemented with the aim of improving flow routing in the Lena river basin. In contrast to constant velocity models, this approach uses a time-varying velocity which depends on the amount of flow generated in a land grid cell. The Manning equation is used to estimate flow velocity in the rectangular cross-sectional approximation for the river channel. Numerical experiments with constant and variable flow velocities made it possible to compare the model flow with the observed daily hydrographs at the runoff stations of Kyusyur, Tabaga, and Verkhoyanskiy Perevoz. The work provides an estimate of the heat flow from the Lena river basin to Kyusyur gauging station for 2002-2011.

An approach which combines remote and ground-based methods for monitoring oil-contaminated soil and vegetation cover is suggested. A map is presented that reflects the natural and anthropogenic structure of the territory of the Nefteyugansk region of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug in the conditions of oil and gas production. The legend of the map shows 10 natural and 3 anthropogenic types of vegetation cover and the open surface of the Earth in the area located in the Salym-Ob flat terraced swamp-taiga landscape province. It was revealed that after oil spills, the soil and vegetation cover experiences a long-term negative impact. The NDVI values in the oil-contaminated areas are 0.1-0.3 lower than in the background ones. In satellite imagery in days close to those of ground-based surveys, the NDVI of oil-contaminated areas of sedge-sphagnum bogs is 0.45 (8.08.2020) and 0.42 (23.08.2021), respectively. In small-leaved and light-coniferous forests on sites with a negative impact of fresh oil spills, NDVI = 0.32 (25.09.2020) and 0.42 (23.08.2021), respectively. The concentration of oil products in contaminated soil samples lies in the range 280-580 g/kg, exceeding the approximately permissible concentrations by 70-145 times.

The article considers the peculiarities of organisational and functional optimisation of Russian development institutions within the framework of the ongoing administrative reforms in the country and substantiates the diversity of forms and types of development institutions. A classification of development institutions is given according to various characteristics, such as the level of economic functioning, initiation, goals, and directions of state support, long-term, type of development institutions, degree of openness, as well as control over development institutions. The article examines a new stage in the optimization of Russian development institutions in the period 2021-2023. At the same time, some of the development institutions were liquidated, merged, modified, resubordinated to VEB.RF, and some of the domestic development institutions remained without significant changes. The article defines new organizational contours for managing development institutions at the present stage.

This study is aimed at determining the main sources of income for local budgets of various types, their dependence on transfers. The analysis of the structure of the total and own revenues of the budgets of municipalities was carried out. For the period 2012-2021 revenues and their main components are determined in current and constant prices, which makes it possible to characterize the dynamics of the state of budgets for the specified period. The analysis of the structure of the main components of local budget revenues by types of municipalities identifies the dependence of urban districts, municipal districts, and settlements on income received as gratuitous transfers.

The article presents the results of a study of employment of the population, which has a direct impact on the quality of life, in the context of human development as one of the directions of ensuring economic security of Russia. The state of employment is assessed from the point of view of solving the problem of reducing the level of interterritorial differentiation of socio-economic development in the context of federal districts. The authors have identified trends in the employment of the population, assessed structural shifts in the number of employed by type of economic activity, age composition, level of education, reflecting the peculiarities of socio-economic development of the country. This made it possible to formulate current directions of the influence of state policy on employment.

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of trade relations between the partially recognized post-Soviet states of the Republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia with the Russian regions in the period 2013-2021. The main sources of information are site data ru-stat.com with details by regions and groups of goods, the analysis of which allowed us to highlight the features of modern trade interactions. For example, the regional geography of Abkhazia’s imports is more diverse and constant compared to South Ossetia. In terms of exports, the most important for Abkhazia are food products, for South Ossetia - textiles.

On the basis of an empirical study, the real significance of increasing the energy efficiency of the prospective development of industrial production in the conditions of the "reindustrial turn" in the most developed countries of the world is confirmed. Using the necessary indicators that reflect the features of energy use in the development of industry, the function of the "wing" and methods of factor analysis, a grouping of the countries of the world was carried out, reflecting the place and role of each of them in the prospective industrial development for the forecast period up to 2030 and 2035. The forecasting undertaken makes it possible to justify the increase in the importance of energy in the economic growth of the world’s leading economies by reducing energy costs in the cost of manufactured products and increasing competitiveness in the new sixth technological order.

The article is devoted to the assessment of the socio-economic burden of caring for very premature babies. The developed methodology for determining the socio-economic burden is a universal tool for estimating the costs of nursing, care and rehabilitation of premature infants. The formed structure of direct and indirect costs will allow more efficient budget planning in terms of healthcare costs for premature babies.

The content of the concept of ownership as one of the earliest accounting concepts is revealed in the article. A historical analysis of the proprietary concept is carried out according to foreign and domestic primary sources. It is proven that in Russia, the proprietary concept has been developed since the end of XIX century by such authors as F.V. Ezersky, I.P. Russiyan, I.F. Valitsky, V.D. Belov, and N.I(u.). Popov. Historically, the first author’s presentation of the proprietary concept is contained in the Russian triple accounting system of F.V. Yezersky, the first publications of which can be attributed to the period starting from 1864.

The relevance of this study is related to the need to determine the main directions for the development of the Russian foreign exchange market and assess its state. Financial globalization integrates the national currency markets of countries into a single geo-economy, any economic crisis that arises in this system can acquire a worldwide scale, in this regard, and assessing the prospects for the development of the Russian currency market is a very urgent problem today. The insufficient development of the theoretical foundations for the development of the foreign exchange market makes it relevant to systematize the conceptual foundations for the development of the foreign exchange market and form a comprehensive methodological approach to its assessment. As a rule, economists study the state of the foreign exchange market through the dynamics of the exchange rate (real and nominal), while not taking into account other aspects of the functioning of the foreign exchange market (the volume of foreign exchange transactions, foreign exchange market participants, the number of foreign exchange accounts, the state of the country’s external debt, the size of gold and foreign exchange reserves, having correspondent accounts with foreign banks). The article discusses a methodological approach to assessing the development of the Russian foreign exchange market, which includes several stages. A methodology is proposed for assessing the development of the Russian foreign exchange market, which allows one to study indicators at two levels.

The periodization of the development of price collusions from the standpoint of the concept of technological modes was carried out, it was concluded that at each of the identified stages, the basic industries of the current mode were cartelized, and cases of market monopolization arose in them. Based on the theoretical essence of the process of emergence and detection of price collusion under study, a review of the conditions and factors identified by the authors that influence the potential existence of a cartel in the market was carried out.

The article presents part of the results obtained during a scientific study that was conducted in 2022 at the Research Institute of Information Technologies of Federal Penitentiary Service to improve the effectiveness of departmental statistical monitoring in the field of organizing the work of the security service to ensure the security of institutions of the penitentiary system. The publication provides a justification for the need to adjust statistical indicators of the form of departmental statistical reporting, which contains information on the results of the official activities of the canine units of the penal system within the second section informing the Department of Protection and Escort of the Federal Penitentiary Service about the service dogs of institutions. The publication contains information about the reasons and content of the changes in the specified form of departmental statistical reporting. The article notes the importance, relevance, and timeliness of adjusting statistical indicators that are used to monitor the effectiveness of the canine units of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, as well as for analysis, planning, modeling, and implementation of the main directions of management activities in this area.

The results of a sociological study of the characteristics of public trust in medical organisations in the Russian regions during the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed in this article. The study is based on the paradigm of social constructivism. Such approach makes it possible to study both mental and behavioral mechanisms that shape the public trust to the medical services in crisis time. Trust is the result of communication and activity of all agents of the institution of healthcare. Patients and the medical community expect a lot not only from each other, but also from the state and the authorities. However, politicians, managers and organizers of healthcare also have internal and external barriers for their agency due to the system they manage. Considering the socio-cultural traumatization of Russian society, the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the complicated socio-political situation in the world, the author comes to the conclusion that radical structural transformations in the national health care system are inappropriate for the medium term.

DevOps methodology is fairly new to Russian business, which brings with it a number of challenges in implementing the methodology as well as interpreting some of its aspects. In this paper we will discuss the main challenges that may be faced by specialists who are planning to make a transition from old to new methodologies. These problems will be considered not only from international practices and experience, but mainly from the nature of Russian business and its perception of new developments in the IT field.

The article considers the mathematical definition of the space of states of the macroeconomy, where each point represents a certain distribution of the growth of the main factors of production - labor, capital, and natural resources. We study the violation of the sustainable regime of economic development, described by the system of differential equations in partial derivatives. The phenomenon of stable development of the economy, as well as the presence of more than one stable regime of economic development, depending on political and international factors, is studied. The role of periodic development in the economy and the existence of multiple attractors that create various stable regimes are considered in detail. The various stable regimes that arise are solutions of non-linear differential equations. We study the process of the emergence of instability, when the economic number that defines a particular economy continues to increase after reaching its first critical value. A further increase in the economic number leads to the fact that periodic development becomes unsustainable. The trajectory analysis of production factors is performed by the method presented by L.D. Landau and E.M. Lifshitz. The emerging stabilization of the economy can be broken again as the economic number approaches the next critical value; instability reappears with the advent of a new frequency. After passing through several critical values of the economic number, a stable limit cycle can appear on the torus, which is a geometric interpretation of the trajectories of economic development. The appearance of a stable limit cycle means the manifestation of synchronization of oscillations the disappearance of the quasi-periodic and the establishment of a new periodic motion. The birth of a stable limit cycle prevents the emergence of a regime of superpositions of motions of trajectories with many incommensurable frequencies.

The article considers theoretical and methodological approaches to the definition of the concepts of digital economy, digital transformation of the World Bank, the Higher School of Public Administration of the RANEPA, the Higher School of Economics, the Federal State Statistics Service, the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and the Moscow School of Management SKOLKOVO. In each approach, distinctive features and missing elements are highlighted, as well as indicator systems. The choice of a methodological approach to the concepts of the digital economy is very important and contributes not only to the definition of the essence of the terms, but also approaches to their measurement and forecasting.

Introduction. The processes of socialization and identification accompany a society throughout his/her social history, and are associated with the development of certain tools for the inclusion of new individuals in the existing order. One of these tools is the educational space. Studying the role of educational space in the processes of successful socialization and identification seems to be very relevant. Methodology. The theory of symbolic interactionism allows us to consider the features of the processes of socialization and identification from the social interaction point of view, “accepting the role of anotherˮ. The sociology of knowledge theory focuses on the relationship between the individual and the external environment, the role of the influence of external factors on the course of the processes of socialization and identification, allows to trace the connection and dependence between socialization, identification and educational space. Discussion. On the basis of accepting the role of the Other, the author revealed mechanisms of mastering the educational space by the personality and showed that the purposefully built educational space allows the subject to freely enter society through the main systems of social roles, values, norms and rules of behavior, thereby forming a social and personal identity in the process of socialization and identification. Emphasis is placed on the fact that spontaneous socialization, unlike managed socialization, is based not on the age criterion, but on personal preferences, which allows the individual to influence society and change it. Conclusion. The educational space acts as a tool in the processes of socialization and identification. It works through the family, formal educational organizations and institutions. Socialization and identification work as two opposite processes: for the consolidation of society through the system of education and social control, inscribing the individual into the existing order, allowing him to form a sense of security, belonging to “their ownˮ, and, on the contrary, contribute to the awareness of one’s individuality, specialness in relation to others, allowing each member of society to realize their creative needs, to contribute to culture.

Introduction. Modern education does not correspond well to the ideas of what it should be. Education models are now rapidly losing their identity, as new challenges point to the need for its transformation from foundations to goal-setting. Education in the XXI century needs a new identity, what should modern education become? The processes that caused the identity crisis of the modern education system in Russia, which are clearly manifested in the attitude of society and the state to teachers and trainees, are considered and systematized. Six provisions are formulated that allow not only to understand the underlying causes of the crisis, but also to outline the ways to the formation of modern education in Russia and abroad. Methodology. The effectiveness of cognitive tools will increase markedly if the four limitations in the organization of cognition are dispensed with at the expense of competencies in psychophysiology. The ontology of this work is built from K. Popper’s concept of three worlds (physical, mental, knowledge). Knowledge is seen not so much as a reflection of reality as an addition to it. Concepts and categories are distinguished in knowledge; concepts are units that convey meaning and content of an object. Categories and categorial schemes are the tools to organize thinking. Using the method of graphing and the method of working with triads, we have been able to obtain another increase in the effectiveness of cognition through work with titles. It is proposed to define monoaspective and polyaspective approaches for working with titles. Discussion. Common to all specialists is the assertion that radical reforms of education at all levels are needed. In order for change not to worsen once again, but to finally begin to improve education, it is necessary to accept that the following changes have occurred in the development of mankind. With the beginning of the twenty-first century, the dominance of culture is shifting from science and education to technology and engineering. This is manifested in such phenomena as the “interface revolutionˮ, “cyberliteracyˮ. A big change in education may be the shift in emphasis from didactics to upbringing. Conclusion. The future of civilization and culture depends on how education reforms in the world and in Russia will proceed.

Introduction. Poverty, as one of the acute and painful problems, is organically inherent in the human community at all stages of existence. Direct and indirect evidence of its negative manifestation is found in various areas of public life - economic, political, social, spiritual. Poverty is a source of dissatisfaction with people’s lives, the basis of deprivation, threatens the social security of society. The ideological and economic crisis that occurred after the collapse of the USSR, in addition to macro-social in general, entailed microsocial changes that occurred in the composition of the poor. It provoked the emergence of a specific stratum of the socially vulnerable population, the “working poorˮ. For the first time these words were uttered by the Deputy Prime Minister of the Government of the Russian Federation O. Y. Golodets in 2017. She drew attention to the uniqueness of this phenomenon. With this material we are trying to answer the question: who are they, the working poor today and what are their specific characteristics? Methodology. Methodologically, the analysis of the phenomenon of the working poor is carried out within the framework of structural, stratification, comparative and socio-cultural approaches, which make it possible to identify a complex of interdependent equivalent subjective and objective characteristics of the object under study. Discussion. The conducted research made it possible to analyze the studied object and explicate its definition. The working poor are a part of society represented by educated, skilled employed people who, due to the deterioration of the economic situation in the state, have found themselves on the brink of poverty, their income is not enough for satisfying life. The specific characteristics of the studied socio-demographic group are identified and considered: economic, professional, demographic, socio-cultural, emotional and psychological. Conclusion. A retrospective analysis of the phenomenon of poverty allowed us to state the fact that the working poor have existed in the Russian space at all times. During the Soviet period, they made up the bulk of the population. Lexically, this phenomenon was not designated in any way, its soft veiled form was used - poverty. This phenomenon is quite traditional for us, it existed latently, manifesting itself in critical periods for the state. Today, it is included in the realities of modern life in a new way.