Home – Home – Jornals – Philosophy of Sciences 2023 number 1

Experimental modeling of the interaction of garnet of eclogite and lherzolite parageneses with CO₂ fluid was carried out on a multi-anvil high-pressure apparatus of a “split sphere” type (BARS) in Pt ampoules with inner graphite capsules, using a buffered high-pressure cell with a hematite container, at a pressure of 6.3 GPa in the temperature range 950-1550 ºC. It has been established that the main interaction processes at 6.3 GPa and 950-1250 °C are partial dissolution, recrystallization, and carbonation of garnet, which result in the formation of magnesian carbonate, kyanite, and coesite, a decrease in Mg contents in the recrystallized garnet, and the formation of carbonate, silicate, and oxide inclusions in it. Under these conditions, crystallization of metastable graphite and growth of diamond on a seed at ≥1250 °C were observed. In the temperature range 1350-1550 °C, the experimental garnet underwent partial dissolution and recrystallization in the CO₂ carbonation fluid; no carbonation took place. These processes were accompanied by a decrease in the portion of the grossular component in the garnet and by the enrichment of the fluid phase with calcium. We have established the indicative characteristics of garnet that interacted with CO₂ fluid: zoning, with low contents of CaO and MgO in the peripheral zones of crystals relative to the cores, and the presence of inclusions of carbonates, kyanite, coesite, and CO₂. The compositions of the produced garnet and carbonates are consistent with the data on these minerals in mantle peridotite and eclogite parageneses and in inclusions in diamonds, which suggests a significant role of metasomatism involving CO2 fluid in the evolution of deep-seated rocks and in the diamond formation. In this experimental study, we have first studied the processes of diamond crystallization and determined the boundary conditions for diamond growth in the system silicate-carbonate-CO₂ simulating natural diamond-forming media. In general, the established regularities can be regarded as potential indicators of mantle metasomatism and mineral formation involving CO₂ fluid.

Modeling the compositions, properties, and conditions of generation of natural agents of mantle metasomatism is one of the most topical subjects in experimental petrology. Particular attention is paid to the study of C- and S-bearing metasomatic agents and their role in the global carbon and sulfur cycles and in the processes of natural diamond formation. Experimental studies aimed at the estimation of sulfur solubility in carbonate melts under lithospheric mantle conditions were carried out on a multianvil high-pressure apparatus of the “split-sphere” type (BARS) in the carbonate-sulfur ((Mg,Ca)CO₃-S) and carbonate-pyrite ((Mg,Ca)CO₃-FeS₂) systems at 6.3 GPa and 1050-1550 °C for 20-60 h. It has been experimentally established that the main processes occurring in the carbonate-sulfur system are the recrystallization of carbonate in a sulfur melt (1050-1350 °С) and the generation of a high-calcium carbonate melt with dissolved sulfur (5.0-6.5 wt.%) (1450-1550 °С) as well as graphite recrystallization and the initial stage of diamond growth (1550 °С) in this melt. The work demonstrates that the carbonate-pyrite interaction is accompanied by the recrystallization of carbonates and pyrite (1050-1250 °С) and the generation of two immiscible melts (sulfide one with dissolved oxygen and carbonate one with dissolved sulfur (1.7-2.5 wt.%) (1350-1550 °С)) along with the formation of graphite and the growth of diamond on seed crystals (1550 °С). It has been found that the solubility of sulfur in carbonate melts increases with temperature, which goes together with a decrease in CaO (±FeO) concentrations and an increase in MgO concentrations. The present study has shown for the first time that melts of alkaline-earth carbonates are capable of dissolving up to 6.5 wt.% sulfur and they are probable sulfur concentrators under the conditions of the lithospheric mantle.

V-Cr spinel of wide composition range is present as a rock-forming or accessory mineral in the parametamorphic rocks of the Sludyanka Complex (South Baikal area, Siberia, Russia). The spinel can be subdivided into two large groups: magnesian spinel and ferroan spinel. In this paper we describe ferroan spinel. It is subdivided into three groups: (1) Zn-V-bearing and vanadium spinel (up to 5 wt. % ZnO and up to 19.5 wt. % V₂O₃); (2) V-bearing zinc spinel and vanadium zincochromite (up to 6 wt. % V₂O₃ and 5.0-20.3 wt. % ZnO); and (3) Zn-V spinel and zincochromite (>6 wt. % V₂O₃ and 5.0-22.2 wt. % ZnO). A separate small group of ferroan spinel is represented by ternary chromite-coulsonite-magnetite solid solution. In addition to the Slyudyanka spinel, we present a summary of metamorphic chromium spinel and vanadium spinel from other deposits. The behavior of Cr, V, and Zn in metamorphic and magmatic spinel is discussed.

A 6-meter core of the Holocene sediments in Lake Dukhovoe is studied. The material composition of the core is heterogeneous and has clear bedding. Lacustrine sediments are represented by the upper 293 cm. Each bed of the sediments is subjected to microbiological analysis. A high total number of heterotrophic bacteria is revealed in the upper (0-15 cm) and deeper (110-150 cm) sapropel intervals. Sulfate-reducing bacteria are identified only in Chrysophyceae cysts. The CaO/Fe₂O₃ ratio shows the degree of “carbonate content” of bottom sediments. It is low in the sapropel of the lake (0.2), which indicates the geochemical specificity (carbonate-free sapropel). The Na, Mg, Al, Si, Al, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zr, and Cr concentrations in sapropel are within the average concentrations for the Earth’s crust, shale, and oceanic pelagic clays, while U and Mo exceed them. Phytoplankton is enriched in phosphorus (biogenic element) and chalcophile elements (Zn, Cd, Sn, Sb, Hg, Pb, and Cu), which characterize the pollution of the modern atmosphere of the Baikal region. Diagenetic processes result in the transformation of the pore waters, namely an increase in mineralization as compared to lake water, an increase in the concentrations of biogenic components (HCO₃^-, NH₄⁺, NO₃^-, and PO₄^3-) and a decrease in SO₄^2-. Pyrite framboid accumulations are revealed in organomineral sediments below the horizon of 200 cm, and iron phosphates represented by vivianite are identified in sapropel.

The paper provides the results of experiments with sediment traps in the deep-water part of the South Basin of Lake Baikal (depth of 1366 m), installed from March 2015 to March 2016 in order to study recent sedimentation within the lake. We present new data on total fluxes of particulate matter and fluxes of biogenic components (SiO_2biog, С_org, and N_tot) at different depths of the water column both for the whole year and for individual periods of the year. Diatom analyses were carried out for all obtained samples. The total flux of sedimentary material averaged 94.9 g/m²/y; the average fluxes of SiO_2biog, С_org,and N_tot were 23.9, 11.6, and 0.94 g/m²/y, respectively. The molar C/N ratio varies from 11 to 21 and indicates a predominance of allochthonous material in almost all samples. Maximum fluxes of sedimentary matter were recorded from 20 June to 20 July 2015. This period corresponds to the bloom of diatoms of the species Synedra acus . This species amounts to >94% of the total diatom content in all samples taken during this year. The recent predominance of Synedra acus in the water column, as well as in the surface bottom sediments of South Baikal, is probably due to the climate warming.

Sources are sometimes approximated by magnetic dipoles or current loops. The usefulness of such sources is not obvious at the initial stage of the study of objects. In order to investigate them properly, study them in detail, volume magnetic field sources are needed. In this paper, they are represented by magnetized prisms. Such a model is valid due to the equivalence of current and magnetized objects. As there should be no real magnetization in the core, this property of a virtual prism to generate a magnetic field strength is referred to as virtual or effective magnetization (EM), which is determined for each prism as by solving the inverse problem via the adaptive method. The initial data for solving the inverse problem are the Z components of the vectors of the main magnetic field of the IGRF-2005 model in the geocentric coordinate system. Based on the effective magnetization and known formulas, the distribution of bulk currents, their density, and the magnetic moments of prisms of a two-layer core model is obtained. Their sum coincides with the magnetic moment of the virtual central dipole of the nucleus, but, as many scientists assumed, the central dipole is not actually distinguished. At the same time, four global inhomogeneities are identified in the core, which create the Canadian, Siberian-Asian, Australian, and negative South Atlantic global anomalies on the Earth’s surface. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, assumptions are made that the current generating the magnetic field is the movement of a positively weakly charged liquid of the core. The fluid motion is created by the rotation of the Earth and the decelerating gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun. Arguments are given to support these assumptions. The results are illustrated in figures.

We consider the possibility of using circular polarizations, which make the field vector in a wave rotate clockwise or counterclockwise, as independent polarizations of the primary wave during magnetotelluric sounding (MTS). This approach has been proposed for the first time to search for possible manifestations of the Hall effect under natural conditions during MTS; in this case, if the effect is small, waves with circular polarization become normal modes in a horizontally layered medium located in the constant magnetic field of the Earth. Standard impedance relations are replaced by the corresponding apparent resistance impedances and curves for waves with circular polarization (mode). In the search for manifestations of the Hall effect during MTS, it becomes necessary to determine differences in the mode apparent resistivity curves due to the presence of lateral inhomogeneities of the medium. This study deals with the specific features of MTS in the case of representing the primary source field by circular polarization waves. Results of the theoretical analysis of mode impedances are demonstrated. Numerical simulation is used to investigate the differences in the mode impedances and curves depending on the nature of the distribution of lateral inhomogeneities in the medium. Mode apparent resistivity curves obtained by processing the experimental data of the MTS in Gorny Altai are presented. It is shown that, in comparison with standard curves, mode curves are subject to less distortion by lateral inhomogeneities of the medium owing to the specific features of distributions of the charges and currents excited by circular polarization waves in them.

The study is aimed at the theoretical development and scientific substantiation of a high-resolution transient electromagnetic (TEM) geophysical technique for monitoring the state of permafrost. The electromagnetic-monitoring configuration includes spatially distributed sounding systems for the surface and borehole locations of the field sources and receivers. Changes in the electrophysical properties of the earth can be traced for the cases of both ground thawing and freezing. We developed the theory of TEM signals modeling, which served as the basis for an algorithm for rapid and accurate numerical simulation of the electromagnetic field. The signals are scrutinized from various sounding systems in the basic earth models as a function of recording time. We show how the features associated with the spatial arrangement of frozen rocks appear in the emf diagrams. It follows that a set of the measured data enables visual detection of the boundary between frozen and thawed rocks.

The paper focuses on the wide-azimuth, broadband, and high-density (WBH) seismic data application methodology, which was used to complete a more detailed structural interpretation of the K oilfield, to identify a number of low-relief structures in its periclinal parts, and to detect the potential residual oil zones (ROZ) in the oilfield. The obtained wide-azimuth, high-density field data and the results of broadband inversion are the main factors that increase the degree of ROZ prediction. A comprehensive analysis has shown that potential ROZ are arched faulted-nose structures in the periclinal parts of the oilfield, low-relief anticlines in the periclinal parts of the oilfield, and lithologic pinchout zones. Technical support has been provided for identifying ROZ in the given oilfield, and the basis has been laid for predicting the residual oil distribution in analogous oilfields with high productivity and high water cut that are at the middle and late stages of development.

The flows of incompressible media with tensor-linear defining relations, including an arbitrary scalar nonlinearity in the form of a monotonically increasing hardening function. There are two types of media: without yield strength (nonlinear-viscous liquids) and with a yield strength (viscoplastic bodies), and the media of the second type are interpreted as finite perturbations of the corresponding media the first type. On the example of the problem of one-dimensional stationary shear flow in round pipe shows the influence of the method of perturbing the limit fluidity at maximum speed and flow. The values of these quantities depend on the sign of the second derivative of the hardening function, i.e. on what material the unperturbed medium is: pseudoplastic or hardening

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current situation in the field of environmental regulation in Russia in the context of anti-Russian sanctions and emerging new challenges related to ensuring environmental safety of economic development and sustainable development. It is shown that the main contribution to the solution of goals on the path to sustainable development is given to the green economy, which is designed not only to ensure economic growth without creating an additional burden on the environment, but also to be accompanied by minimization of the environmental and social costs associated with it. However in recent years, due to the complicated economic and political conditions, many countries have been forced to reconsider their approaches to solving environmental problems, including in the field of introducing green technologies and finding alternative ways to solve emerging problems (especially in the field of energy). at least in the short and medium term. In accordance with this, the author focuses primarily on the measures caused by the impact of sanctions on the state environmental policy, and the possible response to them from the point of view of the prospects for socio-economic development and the corresponding transformation of environmental management tools. It is shown that in Russia in recent years there have been ways to adapt the economy to the green transition, the state has intensified its activities in the field of strengthening the importance of environmental policy and expanding specific measures aimed at ensuring environmental safety. These measures, despite some of their shortcomings, testify to a noticeable shift towards awareness of the importance of environmental issues. At the same time, the sanctions announced to Russia since the end of February 2022, on the one hand, increased the motivation of Russian business for self-sufficiency (primarily technological, which will also reduce environmental risks), and on the other hand, allowed companies to use them as an argument for exemption from part of the environmental obligations. The article analyzes changes in a number of environmental requirements in the context of sanctions and assesses their possible consequences from the point of view of the medium and long term.

The paper presents the conception of humanitarian expertise practice as a method. It is justified that the so-called post-non-classical situation allows coexistence of various ontologies and ontological patterns. It is presumed that these ontologies are project and human-created. The accustomed approaches of learning the world through objects and mastering the world in a necessary way are being replaced with an approach which measures, on the one hand, the constant transformation of the worlds, on the other - the metamorphoses and authors of the projects that go through their own process of changes together with human-created worlds. The article presents the method of humanitarian expertise understood as the method of socio-humanistic engineering which implies construction and alteration of social worlds and management of metamorphosis of these changes. The author demonstrates that the transition to non-classical situation of self-determination is related to the replacement of the principle of human-sizedness of the world and the principles of objectivity, rationality and cognizability of the world with other patterns: that the world is not objective, not human-scaled, not sensible or rational. It is diverse - depending on the patterns of the designer. The article presents the principle scheme of this method. It describes the situation of launch and initiation of the project aimed not only at creation of new worlds but management of the metamorphosis of the changes in the authors of these changes. It is the unique feature of humanitarian projection and social engineering that differs from previously described experience and practice of the application of the project approach, where the authors of the projects were not the subject of reflexive self-projection.

The goal of the article lies in the analysis of the position of young people in labor market in the conditions of the digitization of the Russian economy. The carried out analysis showed that the issue of unemployment remains extremely relevant to young people in spite of their rapid downsize. As a result, a lot of them have to look for work in other specialty, appeal to informal employment and individual practices of carrying out labor activity. Although digital technologies provide additional opportunities in this regard, they can lead to impairment of labor and everyday life. Pursuant to the obtained conclusions the paper offered the measures, aimed at the assistance in employment of young people via elimination of objective and subjective barriers.

Book publishing is an individual sector of economy, which needs development of successful strategies, also communicational, in the conditions of the ongoing transformation. The aim of the article is to study self-positioning as an element of corporate communication of the leading Russian book publishing groups and publishers. The principal method is content-analysis of the relevant information blocks from the official Internet-pages of 15 leaders of the domestic book publishing. The results outline self-positioning with seven components, among which the most frequent are “Production”, “History”, and “Leadership”. Notably, some book publishers emphasize on solution of super-tasks. The companies use chiefly different sets of components, which fact implies individuality of their approaches to self-positioning. The frequency of some components is linked unexpectedly to the monopolization of the domestic book market. Generally, the use of the considered element of corporate communication by the leaders of book publishing in Russia can be judged rather mature, although successful self-positioning may require some additional components.

The article considers the history of the development of “finance” as an economic category - from the emergence of its primary forms in the Ancient World to our time. The development of the finance category is closely linked to the economic development of society and the stages of the formation of economic teachings. The contribution of each economic era and some economists to the content of finance is analyzed. In this process, the peculiarities of the contribution of Russian history as a whole and, among other things, the period of the planned economy are emphasized. The article emphasizes a simple economic truth - money must be able to collect and money must be able to spend - the state has the right to collect taxes in the budget as its economic basis, but it also has the obligation to its population to spend the collected funds for its own benefit.

The paper explores the motives for using multi-voting shares as a tool for forming equity of a fast-growing organization. The implementation of multi-voting shares has a significant impact on the corporate control system, the strategic decisions-making. At the same time, it allows to solve the problem of financing a young organization due to limited internal resources and limited access to borrowed funds. The author has formulated the principles of corporate control through multi-voting shares, taking into account the specifics of strategic management of a fast-growing organization. These principles can be applied by organizations of any sectors of the economy at the time of the establishment of a legal entity using multi-voting shares. The application of these principles can increase the investment attractiveness of a fast-growing organization due to the predictability of the corporate control system aimed at creating favorable conditions for providing investors with capital gains.

This article is devoted to an overview of the areas of application of cloud technologies in the accounting of organizations. In particular, the types of cloud storage are considered, the types of cloud services are highlighted and the advantages of using cloud technologies in the organization of accounting are considered. The introduction of cloud technologies is advisable both for large organizations, in order to optimize the costs of maintaining the IT infrastructure, and for small and medium-sized businesses that do not have the opportunity to deploy their own infrastructure. The growing interest in cloud technologies is associated with the economic effect of their use.

The article is devoted to topical issues of import substitution in the railway engineering market of the Russian Federation. The authors consider possible scenarios for further development of the sector in the context of large-scale sanctions pressure. The study describes the opportunities and risks of developing and active import substitution for the scope of passenger electric trains. The starting conditions of promising options for the supply of products to the Russian market are analyzed. The necessity and importance of state support of domestic railway engineering and its structural branches for strengthening the interconnections of related sectors of the economy are noted.

Today, Russia is developing longstanding foreign economic relations with many countries of the Asian continent, with some of which there is an impressive land and sea border. For the further development of relations with these states, it is necessary to take into account the current trends in their development, including their new integration formats, primarily operating on the Asian continent. The purpose of the article is to explore the role of the Far Eastern macroregion of Russia in maintaining the economic potential with the countries of the Asian region. The subject of this study is the organizational and economic relations that arise in the process of interaction between Russia and, in particular, the Far East region and Asian countries. The work used general scientific research methods (consistency, comparison, analysis). The results of the work include the systematization of promising areas of cooperation between Russia and the Far East with Asian countries, as well as an analysis of the current state of interaction between countries in the trade market. The results of the study can be used by the authorities for foreign economic activity in the context of the development of the Far Eastern macroregion.

The article addresses the issue of providing a competitive service in the field of apartment building management. An overview of housing management practices is presented. Management organizations do not provide the required level of competitiveness in terms of the ratio of quality indicators and tariff value. This problem causes consumer discontent. A comprehensive system of target indicators for the quality of services for managing apartment buildings is proposed within the framework of a client-oriented approach to servicing by managing organizations. It is aimed at achieving the required level of competitiveness in this area.

The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that in a market economy, the analysis of income, expenses and financial results of business structures allows us to assess the effectiveness of activities, as well as to identify the main trends in its development and ways to improve economic activity. In this paper, the author conducted a structural and dynamic analysis of income, expenses and financial results of the telecommunications market of the Russian Federation. And accordingly, the dynamics and structure of the number of users with broadband Internet access in Russia are analyzed. The effectiveness of the organization’s activities for the development of directions for the improvement and development of the telecommunications market is investigated and evaluated.

Socially significant diseases still remain a public health problem in the Russian Federation, and various departmental targeted programs have been approved to counteract these diseases. This article attempts to implement such a classification. As a result of cluster analysis, five clusters were identified. Among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, clusters can be identified quite confidently in terms of the incidence of socially significant diseases (for most of these diseases, there are statistically significant differences between the identified clusters). The identified clusters also have a fairly noticeable geographical commonality: in general, the clusters are grouped according to the degree of remoteness from Moscow.

The sustainable development of socio-economic systems, of any class of complexity and principally unstable due to acceleration of changes, growth of uncertainty, turbulent manifestations and chaos in the external environment, is a dominant paradigm of modern times. The initial point contains explicit contradictions and the scientific world drew a conclusion: the survival and development of socio-economic systems in the established conditions would require the transition of their activity to the mode of daily adaptation to complicated reality. The article offers the notion of adaptation as a necessary, directed change, which provides sustainability, growth and development of the system within the reached norm of reaction and through compensation effect. It was shown that the changes are diverse and it leads to a variety of adaptation actions and a need for their typological grouping. In accordance with the laws of evolution, adaptation is a universal property of biological systems which allows them to enter a sustainable state, grow and develop in time and space. The organismic approach was added to the research of socio-economic systems because of the search for isomorphism in adaptive actions of the two systems of different nature. The goal lies in the revelation of capabilities to adaptation of biological systems and their typology, as well as in the porting of accumulated knowledge to the theory of adaptation of socio-economic systems. The article presents the typologies of adaptation of complexity (network, system integration, business ecosystems) systems, built on two metatypes of adaptation: systematic - genotypical alike, environmental - phenotypical alike.

Digital warfare is an evolutionarily new stage in the realization of state military interests by transmitting military actions into the digital space. To date, Russia has formed and continues to develop a centralized model of information security management in the digital economy, which fits into an already well-established vertically integrated model of public administration, but an important feature of its effective functioning is the need for deep penetration into the information environment of each citizen, businesses and non-profit organizations, and this leads to panic moods in society and further increases the instability of information.

The article considers assumptions used by R. Descartes, of which he declares he does not recognize them as true. He declares them as such, since he uses them not guided by biblical texts, but on the basis of experimental data. Nevertheless, he recognizes them as significant “for life”. First of all, Descartes here considers the corporeal world in the making, but not as created by God wholly-formed. Also, here he not only demonstrates a distraction from the idea of God as the ruler of the processes occurring in nature, but also notes that such a distraction is justifiable. All this gives grounds to recognize the presence of a materialistic component in the considered constituent of his teaching. And since before this, Descartes formulated the basic laws of mechanics, his contribution to the development of modern science is also appreciated. The conclusion is made that although the main part of what Descartes states here is not proclaimed by him as true, nevertheless, by publishing his considerations he contributed a lot to strengthening the emerging tendencies to overcome adherence to a religious worldview

The paper analyses the studies of philosophers and psychologists, and also the ideas of futurologists and biologists, which allows us to conclude that not only the present affects the future, but vice versa as well. The shift of the viewpoint beyond the limits of the usual meanings contributes to a change in the understanding of the relationship of temporal modes and the strengthening of the indeterminist position regarding the ontology of the future.

Quantum physics radically changes the worldview, destroys the usual picture of the world and related philosophical concepts. Science is increasingly reminiscent of science fiction, in which the impossible becomes possible: time flows in different directions, matter dissolves in a vacuum, communications beyond the speed of light take place, and a lot more. The phenomenal nature of the results of physical experiments at the micro- and macrolevel of cognition is inevitably suggestive of the possible virtuality of the surrounding reality. The simulation hypothesis is one of the most consistent models of the universe, the singularity point of which becomes the point of a phase shift to a new interpretation of reality

The advance of QBism over other interpretations of quantum mechanics is that it introduces the first-person perspective and treats quantum theory, including the Born rule, as a norm. The problematic nature of this position (subjectivism, relativism, residual dualism, etc.) stems from the fact that it remains within the assumptions and prejudices of modern philosophy, including when it is interpreted phenomenologically. Cubism, however, can be transformed into contextual quantum realism (CQR) - a consistent and genuinely realistic position - by reinterpreting its basic notions, particularly the notions of reality, experience, agent, quantum norm, quantum probability, and others

The article deals with the problem of describing reality in the language of mathematics and logic with regard to the intellectual intuition corresponding to a certain stage in the development of knowledge. The question is raised of how the basic requirements for mathematical theory and logic will change if we take some of the multiverse models of modern physics as a basis. Mathematics is considered in the context of various historical approaches; mutual criticism of intuitionism, logicism and formalism is analyzed. It is shown that some of the well-known requirements for a formal theory (such as consistency) may begin to play a different role if the multiverse hypothesis is accepted. Under the theories based on the idea of the plurality of worlds, disputes related to logical consequence, the law of Duns Scotus, the law of the excluded middle and other well-known facts of classical logic, due to intuitive unacceptability, become resolved. An approach based on paraconsistent logics is considered; such logics can be treated as the first to conform to the multiverse theories. The problem of the universality of the mathematical language and the accompanying intellectual intuition is proposed for discussion. Can mathematics describe any of the physically possible worlds and therefore become the basis for the “theory of everything” (not so much in the sense of the quantum gravity theory, but as describing all possible worlds) and in what epistemological consequences this can result? It is shown that in a unified theory that claims to describe multiverse models, the classical intuitive requirement of consistency becomes restrictive and serving the purpose of an approximate description of a particular world, rather than the whole of all possible worlds. This requires a change in the general methodology in describing the world by such a theory and a revision of current standards

The article proves in a fundamentally new way the reasons for the unidirectionality and asymmetry of the arrow of objective time, which are considered from the perspective of the functional concept of time developed by the author. According to the functional concept, the arrow of time, like objective time, is formed by a successive change in qualitatively new states of a material object or process. Since objective time is formed only by concrete and finite objects, it is always local. The arrow of time, like objective time, is non-substantial, is not a physical entity, and therefore is irreversible. Since the arrow of objective time is irreversible, it is directed only forward. Therefore, the arrow of objective time is unidirectional. In nature, only the present exists, while the past and the future do not exist in nature, but appear only in the observer’s mind. And so, the arrow of time, like objective time, moves from the present to the next present, and not from the past to the future, as is it generally believed in science. Accordingly, the arrow of objective time is asymmetric. Objective time is formed only by concrete and finite objects or processes, while the Universe is uncreatable and indestructible and exists eternally. For this reason, the concept of time and the concept of the arrow of time do not apply to it. The concepts of objective time and the arrow of objective time would apply to the Universe, if it pulsed and the cycles of its expansion and compression completely repeated all its inherent possibilities to change. The article also discusses the possibilities of using the concept of objective, functional time in practice.

Introduction. Dramatic changes in the social structure and political regulation of the public system necessitated a rethinking of the characteristics of the educational system and its resources. The position is represented by a socio-philosophical analysis of the characteristics of the modern Russian Institute of Education, dynamics trends due to the current types of postmodern rationality. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the author’s research was the dialectical method, historical, systemic, comparative analysis. Explored the signs of the institute within the postmodern paradigm of social structure. The problem is investigated from the standpoint of socio-philosophical analysis, which allows exploring the multivariant discursive space of the institute of education, its current state, characteristic features and projections of the social future. Discussion. From the standpoint of social significance, social processes and characteristics of the education system are characterized. Among them, the author identifies the most significant: the introduction of the principles of consumption culture; the primacy of simulacres and simulations in the system reform program; management in the implementation of personnel management of the educational organization; the establishment of the principles of macturing (efficiency, calculability, predictability); substituting qualitative and quantitative approaches; the breakdown of normative images of education; an irrational imaginery that determined the vector of dehumanization of the educational system. The destructive impact of these characteristics on the functioning of the institute, destroying the rational and humanitarian principles of the education system itself, is justified. Destruction of modern strategies in education based on analysis of virulence and contagiousness of social consequences of devoid of national specificity and state goal setting of educational policy are disclosed and analyzed. The conclusion fixed position on the significant updating of the research topic and the growing need for reflection and socio-philosophical analysis of the development trends of the Institute of Education from the standpoint of public inquiry and solving national problems.

Introduction. The problem of the traditional and innovative scientific and educational space of the university is actualized in the aspect of the uncertainty of innovative changes, the ambiguity of socio-educational priorities, the lack of a holistic methodology of philosophical understanding of certainty and uncertainty in ontological, epistemological, epistemological, axiological research programs, which affects the possibility of forecasting in education. Methodology. The methodological basis is the theories of pedagogical innovation by V. I. Zagvyazinsky, M. M. Potashnik, V. A. Slastenin, and the conceptual foundations of the philosophy of education (forecasting, modeling, design) by V. P. Bespalko and B. S. Gershunsky. To determine the traditional and innovative component of the evaluation system of the scientific and educational space of the university, materials are used that can show the state of the object (university), the results of statistical monitoring, monitoring of graduates’ employment, etc. Discussion. The directions of research in the issues of continuity of the organization and development of the scientific and educational space of the university are highlighted. A working definition of the concept of “innovative changes” is given, which demonstrates the combination of traditions and the implementation of innovative changes taking into account continuity, which will contribute to achieving a new quality of education. The interrelation and subordination of the categories “traditions” and “innovations” is established, which allows us to more fully characterize the processes of succession. It is determined that in the future, the coordinated development of the categories “traditions” and “innovations” in the field of educational practice can be fixed in the following directions: multilevel system modeling (including characteristics of federal, regional and other levels), a combination of internal and external assessments; development of criteria for educational achievements related to the use of innovative changes; evaluation of innovative changes in in the context of the organization of international research (participation in international rankings). Conclusion. The evaluation system of the scientific and educational space of the university includes an assessment of traditional and innovative changes in internal and external conditions and mechanisms, their speed of response to changes in the external environment, the digital transformation of the university, and the possibility of institutionalization of innovative changes.

Introduction. The presented article is the fourth and final part of the series of articles “On the way to the health of society” published in the “Philosophy of Education” journal. It reveals the following fundamental provisions of knowledge studies in education: its ontology, epistemology and axiology. These are the social ontology of educational processes; the main issue of education; epistemology of education; basic intelligence of students; polar constructive and destructive transformations of education; culture of education in the analysis of polar social processes. The methodology is represented by the concepts of cyclism, dialectics of social processes; system philosophy; comparativism; axiology of society and education. Discussion. 1. The attributive structure of education in society is shown. 2. The content of the main question of education, including the subsections: how to teach; what to teach; whom to teach? 3. Epistemology and knowledge studies in education, the main learning strategy, the main blocks of vital knowledge are analyzed. 4. The concept of basic intelligence in education is discussed. 5. The polar transformations in education are traced: along the path of normogenesis (normosa) with the formation of a comprehensively developed personality, along the path of pathogenesis (pathos), with the appearance of “human marriage” in education. 6. The culture of distinction is analyzed as an important aspect of the axiology of education in identifying polar transformations of social processes. Conclusion. A number of materials on the philosophy of education and knowledge studies related to the problems of education and training that determine the healthy existence of modern society, normos and normogenesis in the field of education are summarized.

Introduction. The analysis of the development of Internet technologies and their adaptation to the education system is an important direction of modern philosophy. The purpose of the research is to find answers to the questions: how does the student community use electronic technologies; who and in what types of educational practices do students trust more? And also on the basis of existing and conducted new research to identify changes and track the transformational process in the problem of trust. Methodology. A sociological survey combined with an analytical approach allowed not only to present the problem of the phenomenon of trust itself, but also to specify it in application to the interaction of three compositional elements of educational interactions: the pedagogical community, the student community and Internet technologies. Discussion. The social attitude is that with the development of digital means in educational interaction, the need for direct communication between students and a teacher is reduced if their digital literacy is coordinated (according to the level of development) in both subjects. It is established that during the sessions (exams, tests, defense and preparation of term papers and theses), students are more willing to resort to personal communication with the teacher. Conclusions. The results of the study indicated that: trust in the book as a source of information decreases, which determines new value orientations and requires the formation of appropriate skills, including psychological readiness for such a “turning point”; school preparation does not provide a sufficient level of preparedness, therefore mastering the function of a personifier of educational interactions falls a serious responsibility on a university teacher, which is reflected in the “critical points” of the educational process.

Introduction. The problem of humanitarian content human capital lies in the technocratization of education and its consideration through an economic prism. An illustrative example of it is the Bologna process, which main reason was not the cultural transmission of national values within European states, but the inability to meet economic segment needs. A comparative analysis of educational systems reforming in European countries clearly demonstrated that the main trends in educational policy are leading of market model sample, where instead of pedagogical tasks providing educational services is imposed. Due to this problem solution is in rethinking human capital and considering it through the pedagogical science, defining its humanitarian component as a key one. Methodology. As a methodological basis, a comparative analysis of educational programs contents in the countries of Western Europe, Asia and Russia is used. Discussion. The main characteristics of educational systems of countries-initiators Bologna process are presented. It is noted that the Bologna process (as an economic concept of human capital formation), assuming a two-level education, contributed to economizing resources with the possibility of expanding higher education, profession choice, educational mobility, but, could not prevent a radical reconstruction of existing educational institutions, almost complete loss of national education systems` identity and originality. Conclusion. The main problem of modern education system is the lack of definitions of its goals and means that correspond to modern realities, requiring awareness of who and what is the subject of educational process, and such things as moral, spiritual and psychological values, moral beliefs, internal culture personality and. etc. That is why there is an urgent need for a new look and new interpretation of human capital phenomenon (education) in pedagogical science context.

Introduction. The problems of protecting human rights and freedoms in the field of education and upbringing are at the intersection of philosophy, jurisprudence, and pedagogy. This is inherent in the idea of a social and legal state. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to rethink the idea of mercy in the system of legislative projects at the federal and regional levels of the Russian Federation in order to harmonize the relationship between the individual and the social in a person. The article is devoted to the actual processes taking place in the educational, educational and preventive activities of educational organizations in the context of a deep transformation of public relations. The purpose of the study is to identify the systemic factors underlying the mechanisms of modernization of the educational and educational processes of modern educational organizations. The novelty consists in the desire to highlight charity as an amplifying contour of the main activities of educational organizations, representation and practical application of the current laws of the Russian Federation. Methodology. The study was conducted as part of the collection and interpretation of empirical information on the formation of Russian educational policy based on the methodology of the axiology of education. The axiological methodology allowed the authors to investigate: the institutional approach of the place and role of educational organizations in the prevention of deviant behaviors of children and youth; the need to model the position and role of a teacher (teacher, mentor) as a professional and competent specialist capable of translating the soul’s abilities to goodness, justice and mercy; the regional component of the award policy preserved in the legislative acts of education, upbringing, prevention of offenses on the principles of mercy. Discussion. The purpose of an educational organization in its current state is rethought, the factors preventing the disclosure of its potential are analyzed and it is determined that the basis for adapting educational activities to socio-political realities is a developed spiritual, moral and legal culture, traditional values of Russian society. Based on the understanding of humanistic problems that inevitably accompany new trends in education, two reinforcing contours of mercy are discussed (the potential role of an educational institution in the prevention of deviant behaviors and juvenile delinquency; the role of the representation of ideas of mercy in the system of evaluating the activities of educational workers). Conclusion. The proposed recommendations can be used to increase the range of scientific research in the field of spiritual and moral values, the key of which is charity. The review and interpretation of federal and regional laws presented in the article allow us to rationally explain the phenomenon of mercy as an unconditional value of public and individual consciousness, which allows us to gain confidence and certainty in the conditions of the collapse of normative patterns of education and the uncertainty of being. Such a socio-philosophical understanding of the relationship between educational policy and individual-social consciousness is the basis for reforming and updating theoretical and applied research in the field of philosophy of education.

Introduction. Dignity affects various aspects of human existence, therefore, the relevance of the problem of its formation within the educational system is an important resource for improving individual self-awareness. To clarify the nature of the origin of dignity, the article discusses the main theoretical approaches of modern researchers on the problem of understanding its essential characteristics, ways of formation and dialectics of development. Methodology. The review of literary sources devoted to the formation of human dignity is based on a systematic approach that takes into account the unity of the subjective, social and anthropological. Discussion. Starting from a systematic approach, three research directions of conceptualization of human dignity are determined: the subjective direction (considers the individual as a unique subject of the life of the whole society, while its spiritual content is understood as a fundamental quality); the social direction (takes into account the socio-cultural essence of human existence, a person with a high sense of dignity influences culture as a whole, the prosperity of his of the nation and of all mankind); anthropological direction (defines a person with the original endowment of dignity, since a person is a representative of “Homo sapiensˮ). The article also examines the thesis of the important importance in the process of forming the dignity of the unity of the individual and the social in the educational process by the example of the theories of D. Dewey and E. Fromm. Conclusion. A review of the scientific literature on the problem raised allowed us to formulate the author’s definition of “human dignityˮ, assess the role of education in its formation and outline ways of constructive implementation of this process.

Introduction. In order to study education as a socio-cultural phenomenon and to identify its most effective strategy in modern conditions, there are two basic models of education - informational and research. The research model is associated with the ancient paideia and the Kantian idea of education as Enlightenment, the information model - with the source of truth, which is reflected in the function of the teacher as a carrier of information. The teacher becomes the student’s assistant in mastering new thinking skills. It is important to emphasize the philosophical component of education at all its levels, forms and content. Methodology. The article is theoretical in the field of philosophy of education with the use of dialectical, hermeneutic and existential methodologies and the use of such theoretical methods as analysis, synthesis, interpretation, conceptualization, problematization. Discussion. For the formation of independent, creative and inventive thinking in the conditions of the information society and its increasing digitalization, it is proposed to reflect such points of view as: paideia yesterday and today; education as the development of thinking; education: information and thinking; creative thinking as the ability to use one’s own mind; challenges of modernity and education (virtual and real); philosophy as a tool education as Enlightenment. The view of education from the standpoint of Kant’s understanding of Enlightenment allowed us to significantly supplement the interpretations of its main goals and objectives available in modern philosophy and pedagogy, which seems to be a new aspect of the problem being studied. In addition, the novelty of the research is determined by the position justifying the continuity of historically established models of education and the role of the philosophical component of education as a way of its development within the framework of the Enlightenment paradigm. Conclusion. The information can be used as a methodology for the formation of the principles of educational activity and as the material of educational courses on the philosophy of education for students of pedagogical and philosophical specialties.

Introduction. The article is one of the first attempts in Belarus to revise the approaches of curriculum planning at school, taking into account the actual needs of children, based on the main ideas and methods of the world-famous movement “Philosophy for Childrenˮ. The educational, educational, socio-cultural potential of philosophy for children in the development of skills that are either not taken into account in ordinary school programs or are pushed into the background is demonstrated. Methodology. The advantages of the pedagogical model “research communityˮ, its impact on the school environment, the formation of values, the cultivation of skills closely related to ethical and philosophical perception and thinking and social adaptation skills in children are considered. Discussion. The article presents empirical data and reflection on the successful attempts of foreign colleagues to integrate philosophy for children into the educational process and on the actual Russian practices carried out within the framework of additional education. Conclusion. Special re- and training of specialists who want to work in the field of pedagogical practices of planning school programs in the “Philosophy for childrenˮ model has the necessary value criterion - harmonious and moral/spiritual development. Being a polysemantic concept, harmonious development includes a whole range of criteria such as moral values, the meaning of life, cultural, human and social capital, aesthetic perception, including such complex concepts as “beautyˮ, “wisdomˮ, “loveˮ, “kindnessˮ, “lonelinessˮ, “understandingˮ and many others. others that underlie the formation of the socio-cultural and intellectual younger generation.

Introduction. The category of “public upbringingˮ has historically determined roots and is considered throughout the history of the development of education. The article attempts to analyze the manifestation of the main properties of this category - universality and contextuality. The purpose of the article is to characterize the properties of universality and contextuality of public upbringing as a philosophical category through the theoretical reconstruction of its historical development. Methodology. In the course of the study, reliance was placed on the system-historical and categorical approaches. Discussion. The article reveals the historical plot of the formation of the category of public upbringing since Antiquity. Already in the works of Aristotle and Plato, the operation of the category of public upbringing in relation to citizens can be traced. In the Middle Ages, there is a further differentiation of the category according to the forms, means and ways of belonging to a certain community of people. The Renaissance reveals dichotomous contradictions in public upbringing. The Age of Enlightenment pushes for the disclosure of public upbringing as natural. New Time sets the theorized nature of the terminological design of the category. Conclusion. At the end, the author concludes that the category “public upbringingˮ is universal in nature due to the fact that upbringing covers all strata, strata, groups of the population. This demonstrates its universality, since the category reflects the unity of applicability for everything. The formation of the category of “public upbringingˮ took place on the basis of taking into account time and space, which was the social environment of a particular historical period. This led to the fact that different meanings were invested in the category, where there was a dyad “text - contextˮ and transfer as the main mechanism of meaning formation, which indicates the contextuality of the category of “public upbringingˮ.