Home – Home – Jornals – Thermophysics and Aeromechanics 2022 number 4

The article discusses the issue of the building program by Ivan III and its place in the art history. To do this the author correlates Ivan’s personality and the list of his architectural works. The issue is studied not in frames of archaeology, but in terms of anthropology, that requires the typological approach application. The author relies on published architectural and religious materials to identify the types-symbols inherent in the Grand Duke’s building activities. Firstly, the paper studies the character and objects of private patronage of such XV century European rulers as bishop of Rome Nicholas V, Cosimo de’ Medici, Francesca Sforza, Jan Zamoyski and others. Many of them needed the state representation effective forms. Therefore, the arts patronage developed more actively during the Renaissance. Then the author turns directly to the activities of Ivan III; notes both possible borrowings and explicit recycling samples of building programs. For example, Ivan III was the patron of architects, who were parts of the New Professionalism in the Renaissance. The Russian ruler invited such architects as Aristotle Fioravanti, Aloisio the Old, Aloisio the New, Antonio Gislardi, Marco Ruffo and Pietro Antonio Solari. They were all representatives of a Renaissance type architect of the post-classical history. The fact of these Italians invitation brought the author to the dilemma of the Grand Duke’s religious and secular character. It was impossible to bypass it as Ivan III was very different from the patrons mentioned above. First of all, he was far from the Renaissance humanism. The paper concludes that Ivan’s building program has a number of unique features: its first half is medieval in style, but by design repeats the new modern trend to represent spectacularly the new power; all architectural objects are full of religious meaning, but, at the same time, it is a common case of typically secular ambitions of the ruler. Sophia Palaiologina and her entourage reinforced the influence of features of the post-classical history in her husband’s program. Therefore, the author considers that only the program’s second half should be regarded equal to its European counterparts. The five symbolic families (“Respect to the memory, deeds and glory of ancestors”, “Honor to the patron Saint”, “Vow and thanksgiving to God”, “Moscow is the third Rome”, “Care for the afterlife”) are the base of the building program typology. Thirty-nine architectural works are compiled at the summary table.

The article analyzes A.H. Chakirov’s activity (1907-1912) in the position of Usinsk border chief, who was responsible to administrate the Russian population in the Usinsk district and control Russian-Tuvan relations. The paper objective is to analyze the content and main directions of Russian-Tuvan relations during Staff Captain A.H. Chakirov’s tenure of office. The study methodology is based on the historicism principle, which allows seeing historical processes and events in their real development and interrelation. The author has used an integrated approach as well as comparative historical analysis of archival sources that provide an objective analysis and assessment of facts related to the investigation in their entirety. The source basis of the article consists of previously unpublished archival documents (reports, correspondence, etc.), which give an opportunity to rediscover main milestones in the border chief’s activities related to Tuva. It is claimed that the border chief initiated the resettlement of Usinsk old-timers to Tuva, and it was a spontaneous process. At the same time, A.H. Chakirov paid low attention to the process of rapprochement in cultural and economic terms. Rather, he was a supporter of forceful pressure, as he sought the establishing Russian guards along the Tannu-Ola ridge, setting a military garrison and expanding the Usinsk border department staff. For the first time in historiography the author described in detail the visit of Khemchik ruler M. Khaidyp to the Usinsk settlement in 1907, some important moments of consultations of Tuvan officials with A.H. Chakirov, as well as the results of the All-Tuvan meeting on Tuva self-determination. A.H. Chakirov did not consider industrial and peasant colonization as a way of peaceful annexation of Tuva to Russia. The situation’s escalation forcing the issue of the Tuva expansion led to the development of a military plan to conquer the region. The main thing for him was “a bayonet in front and a yard behind”.

The historical literature reflects the course and significance of a number of All - Union meetings of business executives in 1931-1936. However, the reasons for convening and analyzing the work of the Meeting of Senior Workers of Heavy Industry (September 20-22, 1934) remained outside the attention of researchers. The tradition of focusing on achievements and successes of the Industrial Project in the 1933-1934 overshadowed the negative phenomena in the Soviet industry, first of all, the scale of producing low-quality products, unprofitability of the heavy industry enterprises’ activity; staff turnover high rates. The country’s leadership understood the danger of maintaining such a situation in industry judging by articles in the Newspaper “Pravda” in September 1934. The precedent of the First All-Union Conference of Workers of Socialist Industry (January 30 - February 4, 1931), initiated by Stalin, suggested the format of using the experience of directors to restore order in the “socialist industry”. The analysis of the Meeting of the Leaders of Heavy Industry proceedings, published in a circulation of 15 thousand copies, allows us to draw a number of important conclusions. Representatives of the top and middle managers of Soviet industry unequivocally spoke out in favor of limiting the interference of party committees in the affairs of enterprises; opposed the assault methods of work generated by voluntarism in planning. Business executives called for expanding the enterprise rights in the fields of wages and technical rationing and establishing material incentives and technical rationing; talked about the need to abandon equalization in the field of wages. “Production commanders” pointed out the connection between the poor quality of manufactured industrial products and the everyday life of representatives of working collectives, engineering and technical personnel who lived, as a rule, in barracks; condemned cases of underfunding of housing construction. In fact, the directors’ requirements formally related to the production process became a challenge to the economic voluntarism course. The Meeting results received the support of the leadership of the People’s Commissariat of Heavy Industry, but, judging by the coverage in Newspaper “Pravda”, drew a cautious response from Stalin.

The everyday context of Akademgorodok, Novosibirsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, is considered based on memoirs the first Siberian female academics - P.Y. Kochina, T.I. Zaslavskaya, N.I. Pritvits, R.L. Berg, O.N. Marchuk. The memoirs by M.I. Cheremisina are for the first time introduced into scientific circulation. The everyday life of Akademgorodok is studied from the point of view of women’s social memory using the methodologies of gender history, history of everyday life, history of memory. Important factors in rooting women scholars in the scientific town were prospects in research career, obtaining apartments preserving the capital’s residence, special food supply, freedom and democracy in communication and cultural life. The concentration of intellectuals in Akademgorodok, their daily close communication at work and leisure caused that, firstly, the habitual understanding of the service role of women was already «challenged» by the idea of equal status with men, and secondly, in the rather narrow and isolated space of human contacts of the town, the «load» on marital ties increased. At the background of the food and housing crisis in the country, the everyday life of Akademgorodok is assessed by female scientists in a highly positive way, up to the claims that this is the best place to live in. The idea of creating competitive advantages of the new city of science according to the recipe of using the «matrix» levers of the Soviet command and distribution system for the first decade turned out to be successful.

The Academy of Sciences has consistently maintained a strategy to study Siberia and the Far East throughout its almost three hundred year-old history. Establishing the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1957 according to principles innovative for that time meant a new stage in the state scientific policy implementation. For the first time in the science history, the Siberian Branch united the scientific institution network beyond the Urals both organizationally and territorially. The evolution of developing the academic institutions was from single hospitals to complex research centers of the Siberian Branch of the USSR/RAS Academy of Sciences. Along with the scientific institution creation in the region, the system of academic libraries has been developed to form scientific collections, provide information support for research and engineering, and preserve the historical, cultural and scientific heritage. Establishing and developing the research and publishing activity of SB RAS demonstrate interesting features that indicate, on the one hand, purposeful work to create a regional publishing structure meeting the requirements of the Academy of Sciences, and, on the other hand, the Branch leadership autonomy to realize the idea of creating own publishing house becoming more self-reliant to produce scientific editions. The paper gives comprehensive analysis of structural transformations carried out in the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in different years, adaptation of means of research information support to changing conditions, which confirms a flexible policy pursued by heads of the department and scientific institutions implementing the transformation tasks in the Academy of Sciences centered on the needs and features of scientific development in the region. The developed information support system for research meets the requirements of the time and contributes to the Siberian science achievements.

The article is devoted to the results of a scientific conference at which the problems of working with ego-documents were discussed. The work of the conference included an educational and scientific block. On the basis of the Yeltsin Center in Yekaterinburg, a series of events was held, designed for a wide audience of high school students, students and teachers of Yekaterinburg universities. The scientific program, organized at the Sinara Center’s lecture hall, consisted of six sessions. The scientific discussion, which developed on the basis of the reports sounded, included a discussion of the issues of methodology, source study and harmonization of historical and literary traditions in the study of a wide range of sources united by the common concept of “ego-documents”.

A hyperbolic character of the convective part of the flow of an air-helium mixture through a granulated sorbent layer with allowance for the Forchheimer filtration is demonstrated. A numerical model of a one-dimensional flow of the air-helium mixture through an adsorber filled by a granulated sorbent with due allowance for air and helium diffusion inward cylindrical granules and helium confinement in microspheres. Within the framework of this model, verification of a numerical algorithm in problems of gas filtration through a porous medium and propagation of a pressure wave formed by the incident shock wave over a gas medium is performed. Experimental and numerical data are obtained and are found to be in good agreement. The enrichment phase is modeled by the method of short-cycle adsorption with the use of a bifunctional sorbent based on microspheres. It is demonstrated that the mass fraction of helium in the air-helium mixture can be almost doubled (from 0.7 to 1.3%)with the helium extraction degreeof 9 0.4%.

The characteristics and mathematical modeling of the behavior of a low-temperature direct current electric discharge plasma ignited between an aluminum anode and an electrolytic cathode (3% NaCl solution in purified water) at atmospheric pressure have been studied. The discharge is ignited by immersing the metal anode into the electrolytic cathode. The types and forms of plasma structures generated in the interelectrode gap are considered. The results of high-speed recording of the processes of breakdown and combustion of the discharge are presented. The electrophysical parameters of the discharge, including pulsations, current and voltage fluctuations, have been studied. The emission spectroscopy method was used to determine the discharge radiation spectrum, plasma composition, electron concentration, and temperature of heavy plasma components. The thermograms of the surface of liquid non-metallic and metallic electrodes in the discharge burning zone are considered. The results of numerical simulation of the electric field strength and the initial stage of the discharge are presented.

Thin films of amorphous nonstoichiometric silicon oxide (a-SiO_x:H, 0 < x < 2) have been synthesized by gas-jet deposition with activation by an electron-beam plasma. The stoichiometric coefficient of the a-SiO_x:H films was varied in the range 0.47-1.63 depending on the parameter R determined by the mixture flow rate Ar-SiH4. High-temperature (at a temperature of 950°C for 2 h) annealing of a-SiO_x:H thin films led to the formation of 8.3-12.3 nm crystalline silicon nanoparticles. It is shown that with an increase in the parameter R, the degree of crystallinity of the annealed films increases up to 66%. It has been suggested that the position of the peak of nanocrystalline silicon in the Raman spectra is affected by mechanical stresses. As a result of a quantitative assessment of such a stress, the values of 1.0-1.7 GPa are obtained.

The protective performance of a three-layer explosive welded composite plate consisting of steel and aluminum plates is studied in ballistic experiments and numerical simulations. The mechanism of target plate failure under the impact of spherical fragments is investigated.

Variational formulations are proposed for the equations describing the stationary states of nonisothermal one-dimensional reactors, including those under convective transfer. For the proposed variational formulations, several variants of the numerical solution are considered (based on the method of local variations and the Rayleigh-Ritz method). The features of the use of numerical methods in solving the considered problems are discussed: convergence, the ratio of the spatial grid step to the degree of the approximating polynomial. Modifications of the problem of thermal ignition are considered taking into account convective transfer and heat losses. A variational principle is proposed that determines the structure of the combustion front at a given propagation velocity. It is shown that this variational principle can be used along with the principle of minimum entropy production for a complete solution of the problem of stationary propagation of an exothermic reaction wave.

Results of studying the problem of an unsteady fluid flow along an instantaneously stretching (shrinking) non-rotating disk with an infinite radius are reported. The velocity of the shrinking disk surface is chosen in such a way that the problem allows the existence of an exact similarity solution. The original problem is reduced to an initial-value problem, which is solved numerically by using the shooting and Newton-Raphson methods. A detailed study of the existence and uniqueness of the solution is performed.

This study deals with axisymmetric steady rotational movement of an incompressible couple stress fluid between two non-concentric objects. Two spherical boundaries are revolving axially with different angular velocities. At low Reynolds numbers, the solution is obtained semi-analytically utilizing the superposition guideline and the collocation approach. The hydrodynamic couple exerted by the fluid on the internal particle is considered. The results obtained in the study are compared with the corresponding results of the classical viscous fluids available in the literature.

Experiments on acceleration of flat metal liners by a magnetic field were performed on the Kaskad capacitor facility. Data on the asymmetry of the flight of liners both along the streamline and in the transverse direction are presented.

The accelerated motion of a circular cylinder from the state of rest under the free surface of an infinitely deep ideal fluid is studied using the method of reducing the original mathematical formulation of the problem to an integrodifferential system of equations for the function specifying the free surface shape and for the normal and tangential velocity components on the free surface. An analytic continuation of the velocity field into the flow region is constructed and unsteady loads acting on the cylinder at the initial stage of motion are determined.

The transition of a filtration reactive flow in a double porosity medium into a self-oscillating mode is studied. Flow stability is analyzed using numerical methods for solving multiphase filtration equations in a medium with double porosity. The region of development of self-oscillations is investigated depending on the external parameters of the system and the properties of the reagents.

The flow in the far turbulent wake behind a body of revolution is studied with the use of a three-parameter turbulence model, which includes differential equations of the turbulent energy balance, transport equation for the turbulent energy dissipation rate, and turbulent shear stress equation. Local equilibrium algebraic truncation of the transport equation for the turbulent shear stress yields the known Kolmogorov-Prandtl equation. Under a certain constraint on the values of the empirical constants and for the law of time scale growth consistent with the mathematical model, this equation is a differential constraint of the model or an invariant manifold in the phase space of the corresponding dynamic system. The equivalence of the local equilibrium approximation and the condition of the zero value of the Poisson bracket for the normalized turbulent diffusion coefficient and defect of the longitudinal component of velocity is demonstrated. Results of numerical experiments are reported; they are found to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions.

Numerical and experimental methods are used to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of a laboratory sample in the form of a cylinder with an active rotating element - a deflector-that can be used as a working power blade element of awind power plant. Numerical simulation was performed using the Ansys Fluent software based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations supplemented by a realizable (κ-ε)-turbulence model. Based on the results of numerical simulation, a laboratory model with a cylinder 205 mm long and 50 mm in diameter and a deflector 100 mm in diameter was made for experimental studies. A comparative analysis of the numerical and experimental aerodynamic characteristics of the model was carried out and the aerodynamic features of the airflow around the test sample were identified.

A two-dimensional stationary linear model of flows arising in a stably (neutral) stratified medium over a thermally inhomogeneous flat inclined surface is analyzed analytically. At the lower boundary, temperature deviations are specified, which depend harmonically on the horizontal coordinate transverse to the slope. Explicit analytical solutions are obtained, which make it possible to analyze the regularities of emerging density flows. It is shown that these flows can qualitatively differ depending on the ratio of the slope angle of the lower boundary and the analog of the Rayleigh number, the expression for which includes the horizontal scale of the thermal inhomogeneity region as a spatial scale. An appropriate criterion for distinguishing these currents is established.

The reflection and transmission of harmonic waves is theoretically investigated at the interface between a bubbly liquid and a porous medium saturated with this liquid has been studied theoretically. The influence of the parameters of the system on the coefficients of reflection and transmission through the interface between the two media has been investigated. It has been found that for the interface between the bubbly liquid and the porous medium saturated with the bubbly liquid, there is a range of frequencies in which reflection occurs in the same way as from a free surface and the back reflection as from a rigid wall.

This paper is focused on deriving a common solution to the strain energy release rate for delamination cracks in multilayered inhomogeneous beams under nonlinear creep. The layers of the beams exhibit material inhomogeneity in the thickness direction. The solution is obtained for the nonlinear stress-strain-time relation. The J -integral approach is applied to verify the solution. The variation of the strain energy release rate with time as a result of the nonlinear creep behaviour is analyzed.

The paper considers the solution of the plate flutter problem with mixed boundary conditions. The mathematical formulation of the problem allows taking into account arbitrary directions of the incoming flow vector. For the numerical solution of the problem, a modern numerical algorithm without saturation is proposed, which allows obtaining the critical flutter speed with sufficient accuracy on a sparse grid. The results of calculations for four materials are presented: titanium, steel, aluminum, duralumin. Based on the calculation results, two analytical dependences for the critical flutter speed are obtained: from the direction of the incoming flow vector, as well as from the dimensionless speed of sound in the plate and the thickness of the plate. The eigenforms Re(φ) corresponding to the critical flutter speed are given.

A technology for obtaining hybrid nanocomposite materials with a 7075-T6 aluminum matrix and a filler in the form nanoparticles is proposed. A review of experimental data and computer and theoretical models of crack initiation processes is presented. The mechanisms of microcrack nucleation under uniaxial tensile load are determined. To study the fracture of loaded nanocrystalline materials and determine their mechanisms, a model is proposed that describes the formation and growth of nanocracks near the tips of elliptical cracks in a hybrid nanocomposite material. The dependences between the applied force and the crack length are obtained using the parameters of a modeled crack.

A study was made of the change in the dynamic viscoelastic properties of silicone rubber with the addition of a small fraction (0.05; 0.10%) of single-walled carbon nanotubes. In the region of linear deformation, the elastic modulus and loss factor were measured. It has been established that the addition of nanotubes and the aging of materials lead to an increase in the elastic modulus, and the loss factor can either increase or decrease.

Problems are considered that describe the process of obtaining the residual angle of twist of a rod under creep conditions, taking into account elastic recovery after unloading. It is assumed that a constant linear angle of twist is set for the section being formed, i.e., the section is in conditions of pure torsion, without constraining the ends of the rod. It is believed that strains and stresses depend only on time and two spatial coordinates in the plane of the cross section of the rod. Direct and inverse problems of torsion of a rod with rectangular and angular cross sections in various kinematic creep regimes are considered. The speed of the angle of twist during the entire deformation process is set constant. A method of numerical calculation based on the finite element method is proposed, which makes it possible to obtain the stiffness characteristics of the section under torsion in the case of creep. It is shown that the minimum level of residual stresses is observed in the relaxation mode of deformation. For a rod with a cross-section of the angular type, modes are found in which stresses significantly decrease in the area of their concentration.

In the present study, an experimental approach is developed to study collisions of particles with a fixed air bubble. An air bubble with a diameter of 5.5 mm in deionized water is created, plastic particles (with diameters of 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mm) are released at different heights from the bubble surface, and their collisions with the bubble surface are studied. The results show that the particle size significantly affects the particle velocity and sliding time on the bubble surface. As the particle diameter increases, its sliding velocity on the bubble surface increases, and the particles are detached quickly from the bubble surface. The effects of the drag, capillary, pressure, weight, and buoyancy forces acting on the particles during the attachment-detachment on the bubble surface are also studied. The results show that the particle stays attached if the capillary force is dominant. The effects of the three-phase contact line on the capillary and pressure forces are also analyzed. A modified Bond number is proposed to check the attachment-detachment regimes.

A review of experimental results obtained with the participation of the authors of this article, as well as in other studies on the generation and development of localized perturbations in two- and three-dimensional boundary layers, is presented. The accompanying wave phenomena and the contribution due to the spatial-temporal deformations of the velocity field of the initial laminar flow to its transition into turbulent state in boundary layers on the surface of aircraft, including small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), are discussed.

Results of numerical and experimental investigations of the efficiency of distributed air blowing through a perforated region of the surface of an axisymmetric body of revolution in an essentially incompressible flow with the Reynolds number Re_L = 4,24·10⁶ are reported. The blowing factor C_b is varied in the interval 0-0.00885. The Reynolds number Re^** based on the momentum thickness δ^** ahead of the perforated region is 5600. As the streamwise coordinate х increases, stable reduction of local friction is observed up to the distance of 600 δ^** from the blowing region; the maximum value of local friction reaches 56.5% directly in the region of blowing with the maximum intensity. It is found that spontaneous blowing, which occurs due to the natural difference between the barometric and static pressures in the wind tunnel test section, can also ensure reduction of the skin friction coefficient whose value in the above-noted flow region in the main operation regime is 28.5%. Specific features of the flow around the body of revolution in the case of a rough perforated surface is analyzed through numerical simulations, and it is demonstrated that it is necessary and important to take into account this factor accompanying the blowing process.

The paper presents the results of numerical simulation of starting conditions for a supersonic air intake using the bypass of part of the captured air flow through longitudinal slots. The air-intake duct consists of a tapered inlet section and a constant-cross-section throat built using flat surfaces, and it contains longitudinal bypass slots stretching along the flat bottom surface. Various types of the sectional bypass of the air flow are investigated, and the change of the air-intake-duct flow structure depending on the flow bypass mode is demonstrated. Numerical modeling of the three-dimensional flow was performed for free-stream Mach number M_∞ = 4 on the basis of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the κ-ω SST model of turbulence.

The results of an analytical study of unsteady heat transfer in the vicinity of a stagnation point of an axisymmetric impinging liquid jet are presented. A self-similar solution is obtained, which allows the analysis of heat transfer behavior as a function of the Reynolds number, distance from the nozzle to the surface, and characteristic time. The behavior of the Nusselt number for the solution in asymptotically limiting cases is shown: the Froude number Fr >> 1 (small distances from the nozzle to the barrier) and Fr << 1 (large distances). It is noted that the effect of the Froude number can be quite significant and should be taken into account when predicting heat transfer. Significant intensification of heat transfer is shown for a pulsed impinging jet at short pulse durations.

Thermal visualization using a thermochromic liquid crystal sheet was performed to investigate and compare heat transfer behavior of a swirling impinging jet emerging from a triple spiral-corrugated nozzle with a twisted tape ( SIJ with TT ), a SIJ issuing through a triple spiral-corrugated nozzle, and a typical/conventional impinging jet ( CIJ ) emerging from a smooth straight circular nozzle. The experimental results showed that the stronger jet recirculation close to the wall due to the swirl flow created by triple spiral-corrugated nozzle and twisted tape inserts ( SIJ with TT ) support in reducing the value of Nusselt number between the stagnation region and surroundings. For the SIJ with TT , the average Nusselt number (Nu) performed by the jets with L/d_H shows that the magnitude of the heat transfer coefficient was significantly enhanced with increasing twist ratios. The maximal value of the Nusselt the SIJ with TT was obtained at the lowest twist ratio ( y/W = 2.0). This was up to 5.7 % and 35.5 % higher than those of the SIJ with TT at y/W = 4.0, and the CIJ, respectively.

Introduction. Modern humanity is at a crossroads to a new system. In this connection, a question is topical about the possibility of a transition to an egalitarian form of social organization and the role of education in this process. Various points of view about possible paths to an egalitarian society are present in science and are reflected in the content of education. The article presents the results of a critical analysis of the ontology and the theoretical and methodological arsenal of the theory of modernization and the neo-institutional concept of a world culture in the field of solving the problems of modern education, and also shows the advantages of the world-system approach. Methodology. The concept of “paradigm” (T. Kuhn) and the idea of I. Lakatos that a paradigm has an advantage if the research program formed within its framework has a large empirical area are used as a methodological basis. Discussion. The modernization theory and the neo-institutional concept of a world culture are conflicting paradigms regarding the world-systems approach. Modernization theory proclaims the values of an egalitarian society, but due to the limited ontology and theoretical and methodological arsenal, it does not provide an opportunity to see, and, consequently, solve the real problems of the modern world and education that contradict these values. The criticism of the neo-institutional concept of a world culture that exists in scientific publications makes it possible to raise the question of the regressive nature of its research program. Conclusion. The theory of modernization and the neo-institutional concept of a world culture are Eurocentric concepts, whose supporters describe the process of spreading egalitarian values, but both directions are reflections of the ideology of the modern world-system and legitimize its expansion.

Introduction. The second part of the article “On the way to the health of society” discusses the problems of finding common ontological and epistemological grounds for substantiating the possibility of forming healthy, harmonious, balanced anthroposocial systems ranging from the initial element of society (man) and up to the noosphere as a healthy planetary sociosphere. The urgency of these problems is increasing due to the development of increasingly large-scale social conflicts - from domestic to global and with the need to find ways of social creation on the way to perfection of individual and social life. Methodology. To consider the problems of a healthy, balanced existence of society, in order to eliminate various social conflicts and pathologies, the following methods are applied: system-philosophical, dialectical methodology; principles of integrity (holism) as opposed to partialism in understanding social reality; applied scientific-theoretical, comparative and axiological methods of cognition. Discussion. The problem of the general ontological foundations of the existence of the World, which are also designated as the Ends of the Universe, is discussed. They are used to construct, deductively, general logical bases for the analysis of social systems - healthy, unhealthy, pathogenic. Attention is drawn to the concentrating substructures of sociosystems represented by the legal system, which determines the overall structural-dynamic, legal-political organization of society. A general classification of ecosociosystems is constructed from the standpoint of the organization of harmonious life on the basis of systemic philosophy and principles of dialectics, which can be used in the future for the practice of social transformations along the path of creation and perfection in the strategy of building a noospheric civilization. Conclusion. The initial foundations of the sociospheric approach to the analysis of the problems of ensuring the health of society are proposed, as one of the possible options for finding ways of social harmony, based on achieving a balance of individual, interpersonal, social, socio-ecological and socio-natural relations in a globalizing society.

Introduction. The paper is devoted to the study of a topical problem in the sphere of interests of social science scientific directions and concerns socio-philosophical understanding of the features of socialization in the conditions of the dominance of the latest information technologies. The purpose of the study is an analytical review of new conceptual aspects devoted to the study of chaotic information flows and the transformation of traditional epistemological mechanisms that hinder full-fledged socialization. The methodology is based on understanding the essence of socialization through the prism of a dialectical approach to the tetrad: information - understanding - knowledge - socialization. This approach takes into account not only the external side of social changes, which are often the result of another technological breakthrough, but also the transformation of the entire epistemological toolkit. Discussion. The activity of a cognizing person is always determined by vital goals, which are rationally meaningful needs that contribute to the formation of a subject of a specific social community. In the paper, knowledge is considered as the basis of socialization, which activates cognition in all its manifestations, including those in demand in the process of socialization. Knowledge fixed at a specific level of the cognitive process can only be modern, correlating with the interests of the individual and society. Conclusion. The latest information technologies determine a new system of interactions between the theory of cognition and the processes of socialization. There is a need to develop non-traditional methodological mechanisms that contribute to human socialization. Of fundamental importance in this case is the comprehension in the process of socialization of information flows, which do not always become potential knowledge, but significantly affect a person’s ideas. An information resource that has not reached the level of established knowledge not only transforms a person’s ideas, but also changes the processes of his socialization. Such tendencies violate the traditional epistemological tools, blocking the process of forming adequate knowledge about the world and about man.

Introduction. Since the end of February 2022, Russia has entered the most difficult phase of economic transformation associated with the shock destruction of global production supply chains. Our country simultaneously faced three most difficult tasks: firstly, the need to urgently increase its own domestic production potential and simultaneously transfer the economy, in fact, to the mobilization rails; secondly, the need to provide the mobilization economy with the necessary number of qualified personnel capable of making this transition; thirdly, to increase the innovative potential of the Russian economy to ensure the technological security of the country in the event of further strengthening of its isolation. In fact, Russia should develop and implement an educational model capable of ensuring the sustainable maintenance and development of the national human capital as soon as possible. The aim of the article is to analyze the impact of the existing Russian model of education on the reproduction of national human capital and formulate the principles of creating a new education system. Methodology. The article is based on the analysis of the basic principles of the liberal model of education described by V. Humbolt, its evolution is considered in the works of D. Newman, K. N. Wentzel, B. Kimbаll, G. Gutek, A. Ozmon, K. Zenker, D. Becker and others. The modern interpretation of the liberal model of education and its applicability to modern Russian realities based on the works of A. L. Kudrin, V. A. Kurenny and others are described. The consequences of the influence of the modern educational model on the reproduction of national human capital are determined. Discussion. The adoption by Russia in the 90s of the twentieth century of the existing model of education led to a significant decrease in the labor and innovation potential of the national human capital. Now it is necessary to create a nationally oriented model of education based on the principles of ensuring national industrial and intellectual sovereignty. Conclusion. The national education system is one of the most important institutions responsible for the reproduction of the national human capital. Under the circumstances, the formation of new principles of building education, focused on strengthening the real sector of the economy, can become the basis of sustainable economic development and sovereignty of the country.

Introduction. Under the conditions of virtualization of the educational space, there is a change in the relationship between the subjects of educational interaction. The paper presents the results of the conducted philosophical analysis, which made it possible to identify the causes of the gap between the personality of the subject and its digital representation. Methodology. The work uses a socio-philosophical and pedagogical approach, which made it possible to identify the conditionality of the processes of development of the education system by the external environment in which the transformation of forms and types of communication takes place, to determine the reasons for which there is a mismatch between the real and virtual personality in the digital educational environment and to identify the key elements of the organization of educational activities that contribute to minimizing the emerging gap in the changed socio-cultural conditions. Discussion. Interpersonal communication of two fully developed subjects, arising in the process of transferring knowledge in the form of information, is one of the effective ways of socialization. The digital representation of the personality of a participant in the educational process arises under the influence of information and communication technologies as a response to the uncertainty characteristic of the virtual space. Together with the possibility of self-construction, this feature creates isolation from the real personality of the individual, partially eliminates the system of formal social statuses, which means the rejection of the usual grounds for social self-categorization. Conclusion. As a result of the analysis, a set of individual traits was revealed, which are based to varying degrees on his real personal characteristics that have a direct impact on activities in a virtual environment. It has been established that a significant gap between the digital personality and the real one creates its constructed character and the desire for anonymity, which allows the user not to limit himself in the formation of features that do not correspond to his real personality.

Introduction. The request for an analysis of the ongoing changes in Russian education contributes to the search for fundamental guidelines that meet the challenges of our time. It is increasingly difficult for modern society and the individual to cope with the overwhelming flow of information, which actualizes the need for special skills to process incoming data. Knowledge in a number of scientific specialties quickly becomes obsolete, which also means the need to focus in education not on knowledge, but on the formation of skills and abilities. At the same time, the ideal is built over the material. This is the phenomenon of brand consciousness, stereotyping of thinking, consumerism, etc. In order to answer the question “what are the results achieved in the Soviet Union concerning the strategic tasks of the advanced development of the education system as a part of the planned development of the entire economic complex”, the period of educational policy from 1950 to 1980 is considered. Methodology. Historical approaches to understanding the development of general education in the Soviet Union are based on a number of main areas: these are sociocultural trends in identifying education reforms with breakthroughs in science, engineering and technology; these are the laws of increasing the duration of secondary education; it is the fulfillment of the decisions of the XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI Congresses of the CPSU. Discussion. The political assessments of the Soviet education system are considered as a factor motivating the reform of the school. The key stages of the historical evolution of the national education system, the main factors and mechanisms that laid the foundations of the modern structure and state of the modern Russian education system and predetermined both the strengths and weaknesses of its functioning and development are analyzed. Conclusion. It is concluded that in the development of the Soviet school at the stage of 1950-1980. there was no period of the optimal state of the general education system: both in terms of structure and in terms of its content.

Introduction. The necessity of using the conceptual model “community of researchers” for the development of a mixed course in the discipline “Philosophy” based on the LMS Moodle platform and evaluation of its pedagogical design, including using quantitative methods, is substantiated. The research aims to organize group interaction of students based on asynchronous types of communication in an electronic learning environment (LMS Moodle, Blackboard, Open edX and Canvas system). Methodology. The analysis of the main factors of the conceptual model of design and evaluation of a mixed philosophy course is based on normative documents (professional standards and work programs, etc.), as well as the use of digital tools embedded in the e-learning system. Discussion. The essence of the conceptual model “community of researchers” and its connection with social constructivism are analyzed in detail. Identifying the advantages and limitations of the “community of researchers” model in the context of its applicability for assessing the quality of pedagogical design, a scale for evaluating course elements according to the criteria of this model is proposed. As an approbation, the e-learning course philosophy is evaluated for compliance with the conceptual model of the “community of researchers”. Quantitative estimation methods are used. Conclusion. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that the pedagogical design of the mixed course in the discipline philosophy based on the LMS Moodle platform corresponds to the conceptual model “community of researchers” and suggests directions for further research.

Introduction. The development of spirituality is the development of a thought process, an individual act of thought, under the condition of a developed social consciousness, on the basis of which the cause and moral force of anticipating intellectual affect and ethical and moral virtues are determined. In the modern education system, despite a significant number of works devoted to the problem of spirituality, neither the conditions nor the foundations for the development of spirituality as a process have been stated. In order to identify the conditions and means for the development of spirituality as the highest level of consciousness, there is a need to study a dynamic semantic system, including the unity of affective-intellectual processes. Methodology. The categorical-dialectical and cultural-historical approaches make it possible to explore the technologies of human formation (intellectual affects, texts, myths, characteristics of sound, etc.) as possible foundations of spirituality. Empirical study conducted in 2002-2004 on the basis of Kemerovo State University with a category of participants of different ages (from 5 to 45 years old) was aimed at realizing the nature and causes of affects as a basic component of spirituality. Discussion. The conditions and means for the development of spirituality are revealed, the nature and cause of affects are determined as the basis of consciousness, the mechanism of the unity of affective-intellectual processes and meaning formation. By means of categories, ideal forms, myths, texts, characteristics of sound, the conditions for the development of spirituality are revealed. This is the developed social consciousness and individual mental fields, the possibility of implementing an individual act of thought by the subject. The study generates the grounds, conditions and possibilities of the created self-governing structure of states-affects by means of the difference in natural energy potentials corresponding to specific affects. Conclusion. The unity of affect and intellect generates the simultaneous action of “emotional intelligence” and “intellectual affect” as new concepts that allow realizing the conditions and foundations for the development of spirituality. Identified techniques of human education, the basis of which are spiritual practices implemented in work with audiences of various age categories with a variety of educational and social potential.

Introduction. The idea of conceptual pluralism, which constitutes the semantic content of the science of Education, has received a resonant discourse in the Russian and foreign philosophy of Education. The review article aims to study and comprehend key theories, conceptual positions and educational paradigms within the framework of the socio-philosophical dialectic of the evolutionary processes of Education. The methodology of the review material is set by the framework of the studied scientific articles in the “Philosophy of Education” journal in the period 2011-2015 and is based on the use of analytical methods of interpretation of author’s discourses. Discussion. The study of research programs for the development of the philosophy of Education allowed us to identify a body of conceptual prerequisites that are the basis for the creation of the theory and practice of the development of the philosophy of Education. The assessment of the limits of applicability of the presented concepts is carried out, the problems and contradictions associated with their consideration in educational practice are identified. The need to study conceptual pluralism in education is dictated by the search for vectors of the direction of human society development and the role of Education in this progress. Conclusion. Based on the analysis of the research material, it is shown that with substantial differences in the developed methodological approaches to the philosophy of Education, there is a relatively stable corpus of key concepts (subjectivity of Education; integration of science, education and production; pluralism of opinions; various algorithms for evaluating state reforms; rationality, criticality, etc.). This corpus reflects the primacy of ontological, epistemological, axiological and praxiological (instrumental) educational alternatives. Their heuristic potential is significant for understanding the fundamental foundations of modern education, and is also applicable as a methodological tool for designing educational programs for strategic and tactical purposes.