The temperature stability of the laser wavelength is an important characteristic of a laser Doppler anemometer with chromatic channel separation. In this work, experimental studies of the wavelength shift of a semiconductor laser diode by 660 nm as a function of temperature and laser radiation power are carried out. It is established that the temperature drift of the wavelength lies within 0.2 nm/°C. It is shown that the use of semiconductor diodes of this type in laser Doppler anemometers with chromatic channel separation is possible, but requires careful selection of optical filters.
V.P. Kiryanov1, A.D. Petuhov1, A.V. Kiryanov1,2 1Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Sibirian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: goniometry, angular encoders, self-calibration algorithms, conversion error, simulation modeling
To date, two basic types of algorithms for self-calibration of optical angular encoders have been developed in precision goniometry, differing in regular and irregular localization of the reading heads used in their structure. The analysis of the precision values of such encoders revealed the presence of special features not provided for by the theory, which stimulated the execution of experiments on modeling the expected values of such algorithms. The simulation model of optical angular encoders proposed by the authors of the article based on a two-dimensional data array makes it possible to identify the methodological error of the measurement algorithm used with sufficient accuracy for practice by determining the residual contribution of the distorting function to the final measurement error. In addition, it allows us to identify the characteristic features of calibration curves formed on the basis of methods with uniform or nonuniform localization of the reading heads. The simulation results show that self-calibration methods based on regular localization of the reading heads allow for higher measurement accuracy compared to methods based on the use of irregular localization.
On the base of a physico-mathematical model of ion exchange and field-assisted ion migration in glasses, with the use of a beam propagation method and mode analysis, simulations with subsequent fabrication of photonic integrated circuits in K-8 domestic optical glass operating at a wavelength of 1550 nm, have been performed. The main passive waveguide components, including single-mode waveguide dividers of optical signals, directional couplers, polarization converters, etc., have been fabricated and studied. Multichannel waveguide splitters of optical beams and matrices (512 × 512 pcs) of long-focal plane-convex microlenses for Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors have been created by the method of field-assisted ion migration in glass substrates.
T.N. Khatsevich, A.I. Bodnarchuk
Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: F-Theta lens, telecentric trace, distortion, scan path, deviations from linearity and straightness
A geometric model of an ideal F-Theta lens is proposed. The trajectory of the scanning spot movement along the scanning working field is calculated. The results of the study of several foreign lenses and lenses proposed by the authors in terms of deviations from the linear law and from the straightness of the trajectory are presented. The results of calculating a number of lenses for scanning working fields from 35x35 to 400x400 mm are reported.
V.V. Vasiliev, A.V. Vishnyakov, G.Yu. Sidorov, V.A. Stuchinsky
Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: characterization of IR objectives, mercury-cadmium-tellurium, Line Spread Function, Modulation Transfer Function, 2D IR focal-plane-array detectors
A method for determining the modulation transfer function (MTF) of infrared (IR) objectives is proposed. With the help of an objective under test, the image of a narrow exit slit of a monochromator used as a radiation source and tuned to a certain wavelength is focused in the form of a long narrow strip onto a cold metal screen with a fine aperture slit. Such a slit aperture, used instead of a pinhole aperture, allowed us to increase the useful signal and employ the exit slit of the monochromator as a radiation source. Behind the screen, instead of a small-area IR detector previously used in similar characterization studies of IR objectives, an apertured 2D IR FPA detector was used. With the help of 320×256 mid-wave IR (MWIR) and long-wave IR (LWIR) focal-plane-array detectors based on epitaxially grown mercury-cadmium-tellurium films, the Line Spread Function and MTF of MWIR and LWIR objectives were measured. The experimental data obtained were compared to the calculated diffraction-limited MTF of the tested objectives.
M. Dashti1, S. Rasouli2,3 1Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran 2Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan, Iran 3Optics Research Center, Zanjan, Iran
Keywords: Wavefront sensor, MATLAB program, Moiré fringes, Wavefront aberrations
Experimental setups of a two-channel wavefront sensor (WFS) based on moiré deflectometry have been proposed and developed in recent years. The capabilities of this WFS have been tested in the atmospheric turbulence measurements. Like other WFSs, it can be used in various areas. Therefore, we have developed a MATLAB graphical user interface program to allow any user to easily make use it. This program takes simultaneous horizontal and vertical moiré patterns as input data and reconstructs the corresponding wavefront map and its aberration values. The algorithm of the process is explained step by step in this paper. For a typical input moiré pattern, the results such as the wavefront shape and corresponding first ten Zernike coefficients are calculated and are shown as outputs of the software. In addition, there is a special part in the program for atmospheric turbulence applications that calculates the strength amount of the turbulence, Cn2 and the temporal evolution of the angle of arrival.
S.M. Borzov1, A.V. Karpov2, O.I. Potaturkin1, A.O. Hadziev2 1Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Federal State Budgetary Institution "Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: digital image processing, classification, neural network technologies, intelligent systems, diagnostics of lung diseases
The goal is to study the possibility of creating intelligent automated systems for differential diagnosis of pulmonary diseases based on the identification of pathological structures in X-ray images of thoracic cavity organs using neural network technologies. A brief analysis of modern diagnostic techniques is presented, and a description of the proposed algorithm for determining the type of lung tissue pathologies used in the visual analysis of X-ray images and based on the identification of the main radiological syndromes, as well as on the evaluation of the quantitative characteristics of differential X-ray diagnostics, is given. By the example of classification of radiographs of healthy and tuberculosis patients, the effectiveness of using neural network technologies in the computer diagnosis of lung diseases is demonstrated. The studies are carried out using a publicly available database of X-ray images of thoracic cavity organs containing 3,500 images of healthy people and the same number of sick people images.
S. N. Tereshchenko, A. L. Osipov, E. D. Moiseeva
Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: neural networks, artificial intelligence, wheat, ears, productivity, deep learning, augmentation, object detection
The neural network technology is used to accurately calculate the number of wheat ears from photographs of a wheat field. The methods of deep learning of convolutional neural networks in interaction with the transfer learning methodology are used. With the help of the EfficientDet architecture, the neural network is trained, which allows the number of wheat ears to be determined from graphical images with accuracy of 0.88012 on a sample using the F1-score metric with a threshold value of 0.6 (the coincidence of the predicted markup and the actual one).
V.V. Shipko1, S.M. Borzov2 1Military Educational Scientific Center of the Air Force "Air Force Academy named after Prof. N.E. Zhukovsky and Yu.A. Gagarin,", Voronezh, Russia 2Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: hyperspectral images, classification, quantization, spatial resolution, spectral channels
The possibility of creating a fast-response framing hyperspectrometer functioning as a conventional camera is studied. It is considered how much the classification accuracy will have to be sacrificed for the implementation of the idea of creating a compact and easy-to-use hyperspectral camera with rapidly tunable parameters. Experimental studies of the classification accuracy depending on the number and method of selection of spectral channels, spatial resolution, and bit depth of quantization of the signal brightness are carried out on a test hyperspectral image. It is shown that, though the resulting accuracy decreases, it still remains acceptable for a wide range of practical tasks.
A.O. Zhukov1,2, A.I. Gladyshev3, M.E. Prokhorov4, A.A. Zaverzaev5 1Expert-Analytical Center, Moscow, Russia 2Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences 3Sector of applied research of RAS Presidium, Moscow, Russia 4Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 5Joint-Stock Company "Special Design Bureau of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute", Moscow, Russia
Keywords: astronomic catalogue, space object, reference star, recognition, spectrophotometry, photometric observations
A method of determining the type of objects under observation based on identification of the photometric portrait of the object with one of those available in the database of the current and reference photometric portraits of objects is considered. The proposed approach allows known typical objects to be identified regardless of availability of a priori information about them.
S. I. Vyatkin, B. S. Dolgovesov
Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: physically correct visualization, functionally defined objects, perturbation functions, specular reflection, diffuse reflection, diffraction, subsurface scattering
Functionally defined objects for realistic scenes are proposed. Physically correct visualization of three-dimensional objects based on perturbation functions is described. That is, the rendering of materials takes into account the laws of physics. Physically correct reflection models are necessary to obtain photorealistic images. The roughness, micro relief, and surface gloss indicate how smooth or rough the surface of the material is. This paper shows the effects of diffraction taking into account the surface roughness. Subsurface light transport is also considered, which is modeled using bidirectional surface scattering.
V.M. Vladimirov1, M.Yu. Reushev1,2, K.A. Drevin3, A.A. Semenkova4 1Federal Research Center Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 2Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 3NPF Electron LLC, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 4Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Keywords: microwave signal conversion, electro-optical modulator, difference frequency generation
The characteristics of a fiber electro-optical intensity modulator in the mode of conversion of microwave signals are investigated. The optimal conditions for efficient generation of the difference frequency of mixed signals at the modulator output are determined.
Yu. V. Chugui
Technological Design Institute of Scientific Instrument Engineering, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction, Fourier optics, spectra of extended objects, volumetric slit hole, optical dimensional inspection
The features of imaging faces of extended (in depth) slit holes of constant thickness d of symmetrical type (with equal input and output apertures D) with absolutely absorbing internal faces are investigated. The calculations are based on an optical-physical model of diffraction phenomena on extended absolutely absorbing objects using equivalent slit-type transparencies. The structures of images of such objects formed in ideal and diffraction-limited systems are studied. It is shown that the image profiles of the front and back faces of the extended slit hole largely depend on a parameter Nθ0 equal to the ratio of the critical diffraction angle θcr = √ λ/d to the half angular size θ0 of the aperture filter, as well as on the ratio of the slit aperture D to the size of the Fresnel zone δd = √ λd. It is shown that, when Nθ0 >> 1, there is a displacement of the object boundaries, which is determined both by the interaction of diffraction pictures of two edges for the case of a flat slit (d = 0) and by the influence of secondary diffraction of light on the back face of the extended object. At D >> √λd, the boundaries are found to be mainly shifted due to secondary diffraction of light, which leads to a systematic error of measuring the aperture D equal to εd = 0,22 δd . The features of the formation of diffraction-limited images of the back face with strong volumetric effects (Nθ0 << 1) are investigated.
T.I. Velichko1, S.N. Mikhailenko2 1Industrial University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russia 2V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: hydrogen chloride molecule, radioactive isotopologue, vibrational-rotational spectrum, Dunham parameters, RKR potential
Dunham coefficients Ymj of the H36Cl molecule are calculated using previously determined mass-independent spectroscopic parameters Umj , D mjA and D mjB . Pure rotational and vibration-rotation transitions of the (1-0), (2-0) and (3-0) bands are presented up to J max = 25 for the first time. The comparisons of calculated line positions to observed ones for the fundamental and first overtone bands are given. The RKR potential of the H36Cl molecule is retrieved.
S.M. Bobrovnikov, V.I. Zharkov, N.G. Zaitsev, A.I. Nadeev, D.A. Trifonov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: lidar, atmosphere, temperature, Rayleigh scattering
The methodological issues of lidar measurements of the vertical distribution of atmospheric temperature up to altitudes of 90 km are considered. The method is based on the lidar measurements of the atmospheric molecular density vertical profile using the Rayleigh scattering effect. The results obtained in the upgraded channel of the Rayleigh scattering of the lidar based on the main mirror of the Siberian lidar station with a diameter of 2.2 m are discussed. An improved technique for the retrieval of temperature from molecular backscattering lidar signals is proposed. Numerical experiments have shown that the accuracy of the temperature profile retrieval depends on the choice of the position of the calibration point and the error in setting the temperature in it. The temperature profile retrieval technique, when the calibration point is chosen at the top of the sounding path, is more stable and provides a smaller error compared to calculations provided that the calibration point is chosen at the beginning of the path. The comparison of the results of temperature retrieval from the real lidar responses with the satellite measurement data revealed significant discrepancies associated with the distorting instrumental and atmospheric effects on the shape of the lidar signal. The use of a correction procedure based on the lidar calibration can significantly reduce measurement errors.
E.B. Shybanov, A.S. Papkova, D.V. Kalinskaya
Marine Hydrophysical Institute National Academy of the RAS, Sevastopol, Russia
Keywords: atmospheric correction, remote sensing, reflectance, dust aerosol, AOD, microparticles, concentration
In this study, three dates of dust transport over the Black Sea are considered. During the analysis of MODIS-Aqua satellite images, probable dust pixels were determined, confirmed by field measurements of ground-based Cimel-318 photometers (AERONET station). Further, using the method of principal components (covariance analysis), the contribution of dust to the variability of the values of the spectral brightness coefficient of the sea was estimated. In the cases of dust transport, the spectral properties of the first vector are explained by the presence of an absorbing aerosol distributed over the height. The absorption effect reduces the amount of brightness reflected by the entire atmosphere in the viewing direction. In the case of a clean atmosphere, the first eigenvector has minimal errors of atmospheric correction, and all variability is due to the reflective properties of the sea water.
M.N. Alekseeva, I.V. Russkikh, I.G. Yashchenko, P.B. Kadychagov
Institute of Petroleum Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: vegetation index, satellite image, vegetation map, fire, bog, woodland, spectral coefficient
A comprehensive approach to assessing the state of the post-pyrogenic landscapes of the Tomsk region using satellite images and ground data is suggested. Vegetation maps, maps of vegetation indices NDVI and SWVI are constructed on the example of key sections of the Bakchar-Iks and Ob-Tom interfluves. It was found that the greatest degradation and burning of vegetation cover occurred in the pyrogenic area of the Bakchar bog. 1-2 months after the fires in the bog and in the swampy forest, NDVI decreased by 0.36 and 0.35 units, respectively. It has been established that in the third year after the fire in the Bakchar bog, phytomass increases with a change of pre-fire phytocenoses. The results of IR spectrometry indicate the highest aromatization of peat and plants of burnt areas as compared to background ones.
S.L. Odintsov, V.A. Gladkikh, A.P. Kamardin, I.V. Nevzorova
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: temperature inversion, atmospheric boundary layer, mixing layer, sodar, temperature profilometer, turbulent heat exchange, ultrasonic anemometer-thermometer
Model estimates of the altitude of the mixing layer in the atmospheric boundary layer under conditions of temperature inversions are compared with the experimentally estimated altitude of the layer of intense turbulent heat exchange. The experimental data are received with the temperature-wind system consisting of meteorological acoustic lidar (sodar), meteorological temperature profilometer, and ultrasonic anemometers-thermometers. It is shown that under conditions of temperature inversions, the altitude of the mixing layer calculated by the model equations is usually much smaller than the altitude of the layer of turbulent heat exchange.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:810:"V.V. Andreev1, M.Yu. Arshinov2, B.D. Belan2, S.B. Belan2, D.K. Davydov2, V.I. Demin3, N.V. Dudorova2, N.F. Elansky4, G.S. Zhamsueva5, A.S. Zayakhanov5, G.A. Ivlev2, A.V. Kozlov2, L.V. Konovaltseva1, S.N. Kotel’nikov6, I.N. Kuznetsova7, V.A. Lapchenko8, E.A. Lezina9, V.A. Obolkin10, O.V. Postylyakov4, V.L. Potemkin10, D.E. Savkin2, I.A. Senik4, E.V. Stepanov6, G.N. Tolmachev2, A.V. Fofonov2, T.V. Khodzher10, I.V. Chelibanov11, V.P. Chelibanov11, V.V. Shirotov12, K.A. Shukurov4";}
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:1158:"1Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia 2V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia 3Polar Geophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Russia 4A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 5Institute of Physical Material Science of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Ulan-Ude, Russia 6Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences Physics Instrumentation Center, Moscow, Russia 7Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia, Moscow, Russia 8T.I. Vyazemsky Karadag scientific station - nature reserve RAN, Feodosiya, Russia 9Mosjekomonitoring, Moscow, Russia 10Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Irkutsk, Russia 11Instrument-making enterprise "OPTEK", St. Petersburg, Russia 12Russian Federal Service on Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring Research and Production Association «Typhoon», Obninsk, Russia";}
Keywords: atmosphere, air, concentration, ozone, maximum permissible concentration, surface layer, troposphere
Ozone is one of the most toxic impurities in the troposphere. Therefore, it is recognized as the number one pollutant in most countries and its concentration is monitored. This work presents an overview of continuous measurements of the ozone content in the troposphere over Russia throughout 2021 carried out on an initiative basis at 16 stations in different Russian regions. The monitoring results showed that the daily mean ozone concentration exceeded the MPCdm at all observation sites during a significant part of the year. Two- and even three-fold excess over MPCdm was observed at a number of stations. At six stations, concentrations above the MPCs were recorded. This requires a more comprehensive analysis of the composition and concentration of ozone precursors and the development of measures to reduce their emission into the atmosphere.
A.V. Eliseev1,2,3,4, A.V. Timazhev2, P.L. Jimenez3 1LomonosovMoscow State University, Moscow, Russia 2A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 3Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation 4Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Keywords: sulfur dioxide, sulfates, specific humidity, vertical scale, planetary boundary layer, correlation relationships
A global analysis of geographical features of vertical profiles of specific humidity and concentrations of sulfur dioxide and sulfate aerosols from the CAMS reanalysis data, as well as height of planetary boundary layer (PBL) from the ERA5 reanalysis data for 2003-2020 is carried out. The scale height HY is used as a characteristic of the mentioned profiles, which corresponds to the e -fold decrease in the substance Y concentration. The maxima of the height of the upper boundary of the planetary boundary layer are noted in the regions of prevailing cyclonic circulation - in storm tracks and in the regions of monsoon circulation in summer. For the vertical scale of the specific humidity profile, minima are identified in the regions of subtropical circulation with prevailing large-scale sinking of air. The vertical scale of the SO2 concentration profile is characterized by spatial minima associated with the oxidation of this substance. Finally, for HSO4 a spatial minimum near Southeast Asia is found. A statistically significant negative correlation between the PBL thickness and the vertical scale of the profile of specific humidity in humid regions of the tropics is revealed. A positive correlation between the vertical scales of the concentrations of sulfur dioxide and sulfates, most significantly manifested in the regions of strong pollution of the lower troposphere by these substances, is also obtained.
Yu.E. Geints1, I.V. Minin2,3, O.V. Minin2,3 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia 2Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia 3Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: optical resonance, optical pressure sensor, whispering gallery modes, wave reflection, optical wave interference, mesowavelength particle
Optical resonance of the internal field of a dielectric microparticle occurs when the frequency of the incident light is tuned to the frequency of one of the particle spatial eigenmodes which leads to a sharp increase in optical intensity and higher field localization near the particle rim providing the formation of annularly-periodic structures in the form of standing waves, the so-called “whispering gallery” modes (WGM). We theoretically consider the case where a dielectric microsphere is placed near a flexible light reflecting membrane, which acts as an external pressure sensor. In this case, due to reflection from the reflecting membrane, the WGMs of the sphere are excited twice by direct and reflected backward radiation, which then couples within the microparticle volume. The optical intensity of the resulting WGM carries enough information about the position of the flexible loaded membrane. This allows one to propose a physical concept of a new miniature all-optical pressure sensor. We show that the pressure sensitivity of such a sensor depends on the quality factor of the excited resonant mode, as well as the geometrical and mechanical parameters of the flexible membrane. Important advantages of the sensor proposed are the miniature design (the size of the sensor is determined by the diameter of the flexible membrane) and the non-contact type of the pressure sensor placement.
B.G. Ageev, O.Yu. Nikiforova
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: inhalation, nanoparticle, cobalt ferrite, magnetite, expired air, guinea pig, СО concentration, absorption spectrum, CO laser
Fine and nanosize particles of both natural and anthropogenic origin can be present in the atmospheric air and affect the environment and human health. The effect of inhalation the cobalt ferrite CoFe2O4, magnetite Fe3O4, and tin dioxide SnO2 nanopowders on the carbon dioxide content in air samples taken from the noses of laboratory animals is studied. The CO2 concentration is determined from the absorption spectra of air samples recorded with a laser photoacoustic (PA) gas analyzer. It is ascertained that inhalation of magnetite nanoparticles leads to a decrease in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the samples of exhaled air of laboratory animals, which can indicate a negative effect of such exposure.
V.V. Tatur, A.A. Tikhomirov
Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: mercury vapor analyzer, longitudinal and transverse Zeeman effects, natural gas, benzene, toluene, minimum concentration
The effect of impurity gases (benzene and toluene) on measurements of the mercury concentration in natural gas is estimated. The measurements were carried out with analyzers with mercury capillary lamps (MCL) as a radiation source. The MCLs were placed in the magnetic field to produce the longitudinal or transverse Zeeman effects. It is shown that in the transverse Zeeman effect, when the triplet of p-, s+-, and s--components is emitted, the effect of impurity gases on the measurement results of mercury concentration in natural gas several time decreases. The minimum allowable concentration of benzene and toluene (up to 10 mg/m3) in natural gas is experimentally determined, which does not affect the measurement of mercury concentration with an analyzer with a MCL filled with mercury of natural isotopic composition in the transverse Zeeman effect.
Analytical formulas are derived for describing the direct pyrolysis of methane in a bubble column loaded with a catalyst molt. This math can be implemented in research or commercial computer codes aimed to multiparametric optimization of the metal bath (with consideration of its cost and catalytic performance), setup dimensions and productivity. These analytical expressions can be used also for validation of numerical codes.
On May 27, 2022, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Dmitry M. Markovich, a well-known scientist, scientific administrator, Director of the Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Chief Academic Secretary of the SB RAS, member of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences, celebrated his 60th anniversary.
On May 2, 2022, Professor Valerian I. Yakovlev, a prominent specialist in the field of fluid, gas and plasma mechanics, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, member of the editorial board of the journal "Thermophysics and Aeromechanics" turned 90 years old.
A. F. Revuzhenko
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: Geomechanics, mathematical models, role of internal structure, S-waves
The author describes the specifics of the multi-scale mathematical modeling of geomedium as a case-study of a two-scale model. The first scale modeling assumes the linearly elastic medium, and the second scale model includes the plastic strains and internal friction. It is shown that in the first approximation, when the micro-level stress gradients are assumed to be constant, the model acquires elastoplasticity with regard to local bends of structural elements of the geomedium. The solution of the problem on plane S-waves reveals that the waves possess dispersion and their velocity decreases with increasing plastic strains.
D. S. Zhurkina1, S. V. Klishin1, S. V. Lavrikov1, M. G. Leonov2 1Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia 2Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119017 Russia
Keywords: Discrete Element Method, packing, shear, numerical modeling, elastic limit, strength, instability, strain localization
The authors develop the DEM-based procedure for the numerical testing of granular samples under non-uniform compression with different load programs. The algorithm of initial packings of particles is proposed. The calculations are performed for different methods of loading with suppressed dilatancy and with dilatancy-generated volume. The macro characteristics of the stress-strain behavior of the test samples are related with the micro properties of discrete particles. The post-critical shearing induces the unstable behavior with localizations of shears, and a descending branch appears in the load diagram. The application ranges of the developed method for the mathematical modeling of shear localization are defined.
I. Ya. Chebotareva
Institute of Oil and Gas Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333 Russia
Keywords: Seismic background, rocks, oil, gas, seismic emission, Klimontovich entropy, thermodynamic indicator
The author proposes an eco-friendly method for the remote evaluation of productivity of hydrocarbon reservoirs using records of the natural seismicity background of the Earth. The evaluation uses the thermodynamic indicator of rock mass quality based on the Klimontovich entropy. The latter is a correct measure of disequilibrium of open systems and can be measured from the ratio of chaotic character and orderliness of vibrations generated by the system. The thermodynamic indicator obeys the linear dependence on the total thickness of productive beds in boreholes. The big natural and induced noise may distort the distance evaluation. The new algorithm is high-amplitude noise resistant. The thermodynamic indicator ensures productivity mapping of hydrocarbon reservoirs and enables selecting the most promising drilling sites.
Ch. Qi1,2, Fa. Yan2, A. I. Chaneshev3, Ha. Chen1, Xi. Qu1 1Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044 China 2China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, 100083 China 3Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: Coal-rock sample, coal and rock ratio, acoustic emission, failure characteristics
The failure mechanism and acoustic emission are studied in uniaxial loading tests of coal-rock samples at three values of coal/rock ratios. The scope of the analysis includes the stress-time curve, compressive strength, elastic modulus, acoustic emission events and energy counts. The failure characteristics, deformation and acoustic emission of the compound body are analyzed.
Vadim Vladimirovich Ostanin1,2, Mikhail Albertovich Subotyalov3,4 1Altai State Agrarian University, 73, Krasnoarmeiskiy av., Barnaul, 656049, Russia 2Altai State University, 61, Lenin av., Barnaul, 656049, Russia 3Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, 28, Vilyuyskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630126, Russia 4Novosibirsk National Research State University, 1, Pirogov st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: mathematics, Indian mathematics, history of mathematics, history of science, religion, philosophy
He article deals with the poorly studied topic of scientific typologization of Indian mathematicians’ research lines, as well as the factor of their personality in mathematical science. This study pays special attention to the suprarational ( superrational , or pararational ) aspect of Indian mathematicians’ personalities, since their religious ideas and philosophical intuitions were obviously not only the most important components of their characters, but also often directed their research. The pre-systemic and systemic periods and the period of personalities of Indian mathematics are considered. Already the first great representatives of Indian mathematics (Aryabhata, Varahamihira and Brahmagupta) realized the principle of suprarationality and each of them formed a whole trend in the historic advancement of mathematics in India - from the free coexistence of science and religion to their synthesis and then to their opposition.
Vasiliy Pavlovich Goran
Institute of Philosophy and Law, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Nikolaev st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: Descartes, philosophy, ontology, substance, incorporeal god, material world, creation of the world, laws of nature, dependence of god, independence of god
The article notes, considers and assesses the presence of a materialistic component in the philosophy of R. Descartes, which is embodied mainly in the recognition of the independent ontological status of the material world. This is its status as an independent substance. However, Descartes combines this with the assertion of the absolute dependence of everything that exists on the creative activity of the incorporeal god. But even when such dependence is claimed, the existence of something that is present in the corporeal world independently of god is also recognized. Special attention is given to how this parallel adherence to mutually exclusive positions influenced Descartes in advancing the materialistic position as one of them.
Anna Yurievna Moiseeva, Alina Sergeevna Zaykova
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"TEXT";s:4:"TEXT";s:129:"Institute of Philosophy and Law, Siberian Branch of the Russian Aсademy of Sciences, 8, Nikolaev st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia";}
Keywords: analytic philosophy, analytic method, theory of justice
Among the multiplicity of philosophical schools, analytic philosophy is considered to be one of the least practical. However, from time to time, the analytical method is also used in those areas of philosophy that are obviously focused on applying the results of theoretical research to practice. The question arises of how analytical philosophical constructs fit into this context. The answer implies solving the following problems. First, we will describe different ways of understanding what is analytic philosophy and characterize the analytical method. Next, we will examine John Rawls’s theory of justice and its criticisms and show that the shortcomings of the theory of justice, which are visible when looking at it in a practical perspective, are a consequence of Rawls’s use of the analytical method in its traditional form. This will enable to show the need for a reform of the analytical method, as well as to get a general idea of what kind of reform would it be.
Oksana Ivanovna Tselishcheva
Institute of Philosophy and Law, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Nikolaev st., Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
Keywords: science, progress, paradigm, re-description, Kuhn, Rorty
The article compares the views of two leading representatives of modern relativism, T. Kuhn and R. Rorty. It is shown that the difference between the roles of paradigms in the development of natural sciences in Kuhn and re-description in the understanding of man in the context of the humanities in Rorty results in a loss of certainty in the interpretation of relativism. Moreover, it is proved that when explicating the concepts of the development of sciences, this difference leads to paradoxes indicating the inadequacy of relativism.
Vitaliy Valentinovich Tselishchev, Aleksandr Valerievich Khlebalin
Institute of Philosophy and Law, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Nikolaeva str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: mathematical proof, understanding, logic, mathematics, language of mathematics
The article analyzes the opposition of the understanding of the mathematical proof and its formalization. It is shown that two problems are mixed in this opposition; those are the relation between mathematical logic and mathematical proof practice and the one between mathematical and formal proofs. It is demonstrated that the mathematical proof being meaningful aims at explaining, while the formal proof is meaningless and confines itself to representing the rules. The strategy of D. Macbeth, which claims to overcome the mentioned opposition, is analyzed. According to this strategy, the integral system of signs is correlated with mathematical ideas that are expressed in ordinary language and the logical reconstruction of the translation of these ideas into a series of manipulations with signs loses sight of the content of the ideas. The vulnerability of such a position is shown and instead an interpretation of the intensional content of mathematical discourse as a result of the translation of a mathematical statement into a formal system is proposed.
Igor Evgenievich Pris
Institute of Philosophy, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 1/2, Surganov st., Minsk, 220072, Belarus
Keywords: measurement problem, relational quantum mechanics, QBism, quantum pragmatism, relative fact, quantum correlation, contextual quantum realism
The article formulates the main philosophical problem of quantum mechanics - the “measurement problem”. We reveal strengths and weaknesses of C. Rovelli’s relational interpretation and QBism developed by C. Fuchs and others. In our view, these are two extremes that share the premises of modernist philosophy: the physicalist/naturalist and the subjectivist/phenomenological. We reject the notion of relative fact that both approaches resort to and propose a new viewpoint - “quantum contextual realism”, according to which quantum ontology is sensitive to context.
Aleksander Leonidovich Simanov
Institute of Philosophy and Law, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Nikolaev st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: the concept of state, quantum mechanics, hypothesis
The article shows the evolution of the concept of state in quantum mechanics. It is marked that at the present stage of the development of quantum mechanics, its significance in the description of quantum mechanics processes minimizes. This is caused both by a great number of external characteristics of the description of a quantum object and its interaction with the environment, which are satisfactory mathematically, and by the fact that there are put forward hypotheses about its internal state, but the verification of them is impossible at the current stage of the development of science. Thus, the problem of interpreting the concept of state in quantum mechanics is not eliminated, but becomes complicated.
The article assesses specific machine learning technologies (as methods of computer realization of specific cognitive functions) in terms of the need for rational explanation of their work, reliability and efficiency, as well as related social properties (responsibility for the use of results, the threat of degeneration of human skills, etc.). The risks of introducing machine learning technologies in various types of activities and various fields are analyzed in view of whether logical transparency is a crucial criterion or not. The conclusion is made that the logical opacity of most machine learning results is a serious challenge to rational thinking and reasonable argumentation in public administration It is argued that negative consequence of the imprudent introduction of neurocomputers may be a partial or complete loss of personnel’s skills to perform routine intellectual procedures (filling in tables, arithmetic calculations, classifying information and documents into categories, self-service research for information).
The current state of biological sciences requires further development of the synthetic theory of evolution, which is generally recognized today. Most of the available critical theories have an alternative nature, since they are based on opposite, “polar” opinions. A promising philosophical and methodological approach may consist not in an opposing, but in an attempt to combine dialectical categories of biological development.
Anastasia Sergeevna Panova
Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, 28, Vilyuyskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630126, Russia
Keywords: scientific school, scientific community, physiology of kidneys and water-salt metabolism, renal physiology, bifurcation marker, history of biology, history of physiology
The article considers the influence of various factors on the functioning and development of scientific communities, in particular, the scientific schools of renal physiology in Novosibirsk. It is aimed to reveal the concept of bifurcation marker as a tool for assessing the functioning and development of scientific communities. The results of the study show that ups and downs in the work of scientific schools are caused by the action of a bifurcation marker - an event that determines the vector of the school’s further development. In our opinion, the following should be considered as such for the Novosibirsk schools of renal physiology: socio-economic factors; the factor of the leader’s personality; the activity of the research team; material and technical equipment; collaboration; the change in the main line of scientific activity; decrease in the size of the school staff; the change of leadership, departure of the leader. The use of the proposed tool will make it possible to analyze the significance of various factors for ensuring the functional activity and the very existence of scientific communities.
