The review considers problems of fluid dynamics and heat transfer in wavy liquid films under complex flow conditions. The term "complex conditions" here means the presence of fluxes of mass, momentum and energy through the film surface. The purpose of the review is to analyze the latest achievements in investigations of wave modes of film flows.
Numerical simulation for external subsonic unsteady flow around an axisymmetric model is presented in this paper. The simulation uses a quasi-gas-dynamic algorithm implemented on an unstructured tetrahedral grid. A turbulator in the annular flap shape is allocated on the model surface: it sets the position of a laminar-turbulent transition. The problem statement corresponds to experiments for this model placed in a wind tunnel. The overall flow pattern, the distribution of the pressure coefficient on the surface, and the turbulent pulsation parameters demonstrate high qualitative and quantitative agreement with the experimental data.
Results of an experimental study of the hysteresis of aerodynamic characteristics of NACA 0018 airfoil in the T-124 low-turbulent wind tunnel of low subsonic speeds of TsAGI are reported. The experiments were carried out on the OVP-124 dynamic setup under steady-state conditions with a quasi-static (continuous) increase and decrease of the angle of attack and with forced oscillations of the model over pitch with different amplitudes and frequencies relative to various set angles of attack. In all cases, measured aerodynamic characteristics exhibits a hysteresis related with the presence of a range of attack angles in which stable, non-unique separated-flow structures are observed. On the basis of experimental data obtained, a new approach to the mathematical modeling of the phenomenon of static and dynamic hysteresis of aerodynamic characteristics is developed for use in dynamics problems.
A mathematical model of the process of the unsteady conjugate heat transfer of a thermionic thermal protection system in a supersonic flow around a composite shell is formulated and investigated. Estimates of the effect of evaporation (emission) of electrons from the emitter surface on the reduction of temperature of the composite shell of the protection system were obtained. The effect of different angles of attack on the modes of heat transfer in a multi-element thermionic thermal protection system was examined. Qualitative agreement of calculation results with known data is obtained.
A.A. Zhilin1,2, A.V. Primakov1,2 1Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Siberian State University of Water Transport, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Hartmann generator, wave processes, resonator, off-design jet, pressure distribution, temperature field in the channel
The results of numerical simulation of gas-dynamic flow in the channel of a technical device with a resonant cavity are presented. One period of gas-dynamic loading of structural elements of the resonant cavity has been studied in detail. A complete picture of pressure and temperature field distribution along the resonant cavity channel has been obtained. The maximum and minimum values of pressure and temperature, achieved when the gas flow moves along the resonator channel, have been determined.
The paper describes a study of pressure distribution along the wall of an axisymmetric channel with a straight step. A supersonic gas flow, formed inside the channel, when an external flow with Mach numbers M = 5 and M = 6 moves around an axisymmetric model with internal duct , is considered. A supersonic aerodynamic wind tunnel of a short-term action is used for experiments. The results of measuring the pressure along the channel wall in the flow around the model under study are presented. The data of aerodynamic tests are compared with the results of numerical calculations, and the resulting pressure distributions are compared. It has been established that the nonmonotonic nature of a change in pressure along the wall is caused by the shock waves, which accompany the supersonic gas flow in the channel.
The combustion of hydrocarbon fuel at the Mach number M = 1.7 is studied numerically. A transverse air stream is used to ignite the fuel supplied through the axial injector. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations closed by the k-ε turbulence model are solved. Fuel combustion is simulated using a single reaction approach. The possibility of transonic flow formation has been investigated. The gas-dynamic structure of kerosene fuel combustion is studied for a flow with the Mach number M = 1.7 and stagnation temperature of 1500 K.
A.S. Askarova1,2, V.E. Messerle1,2,3, Saltanat.A. Bolegenova1,2, V.Yu. Maksimov1, Symbat.A. Bolegenova4, A.O. Nugymanova1 1Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty,Kazakhstan 2Scientific Research Institute of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, Almaty,Kazakhstan 3Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 4Scientific Research Institute of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Keywords: heat and mass transfer, numerical simulation, air mixture supply method, reduced boiler load, velocity, temperature, concentration of harmful substances
Computational experiments were carried out using three-dimensional computer modeling methods to determine the effect of various burner arrangements and the method of fuel mixture supply on the main characteristics of heat and mass transfer processes (flow aerodynamics, temperature fields, concentration fields of combustion products) throughout the entire volume of the combustion chamber of a power boiler and at its outlet. It is shown that the use of vortex burners with a swirl of the air mixture flow allows improvement of metabolic processes in the combustion chamber and reduces emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere both during traditional fuel combustion and at reduced boiler load (partial shutdown of burners).
The article presents results of a numerical simulation of the phenomenon of continuous spin detonation in a hydrogen-oxygen mixture in two-dimensional non-stationary formulation using periodic boundary conditions. The soft-ware implementation of the mathematical model is made in the Ansys Fluent software package. A methodology for adjusting the software package and an algorithm for initiating the detonation process for numerical simulation are presented. The method was verified by calculating and comparing with experimental data the propagation velocity of a plane detonation wave with various diluents. Using the developed modeling technique, the specific impulses and the velocities of continuous spin detonation were determined for fuel excess ratios in the range from 0.56 to 2.4. The simulation results showed good agreement with the results obtained by other authors. Also, the performed numerical simulation has shown that, on the average, the specific impulse of the combustion chamber of a detonation rocket engine is greater than the specific impulse of a liquid-propellant rocket engine by 17%. It is shown that the use of the continuous spin detonation process can significantly reduce the length of the cylindrical part of the combustion chamber and the gas generator of the liquid rocket engine.
The transfer properties of a congruently melting Mg-Li alloy with a lithium content of 30 at. %, considered as a promising ultralight structural material for the aerospace industry, have been studied experimentally. New experimental data on thermal diffusivity ( a ) and thermal conductivity ( l ) have been obtained in the temperature range of 293-777 K with estimated errors of 2 - 4 % and 3 - 5 %, respectively. The results have been compared with the known literature data on thermal conductivity of alloys from the Mg-Li system. A table of recommended temperature dependences for a and l of the studied composition has been developed.
On January 30, 2022, Sergey V. Stankus, the prominent scientist working in the area of thermophysics, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics and Chief Researcher of the Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, became 70 years of age.
S. V. Tereshchenko, D. N. Shibaeva
Mining Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, 184209 Russia
Keywords: Ore quality control, efficient flow chart construction, blending, pre-concentration, X-ray fluorescent separation
The authors propose the technological algorithm to obtain the required quality characteristics of beneficiation feed based on the estimate of useful mineral distribution and amount of gangue in a preset volume. The target useful component content is implemented by combining separation and blending of crushed ore less than 100 mm in size. It is shown that this approach to the feed quality ensures the standard content of Р2О5 in the feed at the level of 12.1-12.3% with dumping not less than 29% of gangue - 100+ 20 mm in size with the content of Р2О5 under 1.9%. It is proved that the proposed technology for the control of quality characteristics of low-grade apatite-bearing ore has a beneficial effect on the environment in mining and processing areas.
V. A. Ignatkina, D. D. Aksenova, A. A. Kayumov, N. D. Ergesheva
National University of Science and Technology - NUST MISIS, Moscow, 119049 Russia
Keywords: Flotation, chalcopyrite, tennantite, pyrite, contrast flotoactivity, hydrogen peroxide, sulfhydryl collectors
The article describes the non-frothing flotation data of monomineral fractions of tennantite, chalcopyrite and pyrite, measurements of electrokinetic potential of the phases, and the concentration control of butyl xanthate, sulfhydryl collector M-TF and hydrogen peroxide. The measurements of the electrokinetic potential and intensity of the characteristic UV bands reveal the influence of H2O2 concentration on the ion-molecular condition of the solutions of sulfhydryl collectors. It is found that butyl xanthate in the presence of hydrogen oxide fails to prove selective separation of tennantite and chalcopyrite from pyrite. M-TF ensures the contrast flotoactivity between copper and pyrite sulfides in softer treatment with H2O2. Hydrogen peroxide is recommended for scavenging of copper concentrate. Efficiency of H2O2 in recleaning of copper concentrate at a commercial scale is lower because of variable mineral composition of flotation feed.
I. I. Baksheeva1, E. A. Burdakova1,2, V. I. Rostovtsev3, A. A. Plotnikova1, A. M. Zhizhaev2, G. N. Bondarenko2 1Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia 2Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia 3Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: Minerals, pre-treatment, modification magnetic properties gold-bearing sulfide ore, ferromagnetic liquid, functionalization, magnetic-colloid treatment, magnetic separation, nanoparticles
The experimental data on modification of magnetic properties of gold-bearing sulfide ore using magnetic colloids are reported. The magnetic product of the high-gradient separator has the increased gold content by 2.52% at the higher recovery by 1.67%.
D. Elbar1,2, H. Rahaly2, A. Guiedeui2 1Center for Scientific and Technical Research for Arid Regions Omar El-Bernaoui Biskra, Biskra, 07000 Algeria 2University of Biskra, Biskra, 07000 Algeria
Keywords: Nickel sulfide, activated carbon, citric acid, kinetic adsorption, Langmuir model, Freundlich model
The objective of this study is the recuperation of metal nickel by adsorption with activated carbon prepared from natural waste (the peel of the apricot kernel), where adsorption is controlled by a chemical phenomenon driven by a series of factors. The adsorption efficiency was evaluated after carbonization of the raw material at 600 ° C and after its activation with citric acid at 500 ° C. The characterization of the material after physicochemical treatment has shown the possibility of its improvement. The IR spectroscopy technique has shown the material becomes very rich in carbon and oxygen, and is well functionalized. The activated carbon can adsorb nickel efficiently, and then inverted conditions ensure efficient elution. Kinetic adsorption is dependent on the activated carbon, while equilibrium loading is not but is dependent on plant conditions. The kinetic study of the optimal adsorption of nickel ions follows the models of Langmuir and Freundlich, and exhibits a high affinity between the metal nickel examined and the carbon active, which enables the highest adsorption.
I. Alavi1, A. Ebrahimabadi2, H. Hamidian1 1Department of Mining and Geology, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran 2Department of Petroleum, Mining and Material Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: mine reclamation, plant types, Sungun copper mine, PROMETHEE and ELECTRE, acer monspesulanum
Mine reclamation has to be considered from the very beginning stages of mining. In the reclamation plan of the Sungun copper mine in Iran, tree planting is the most appropriate option. In this regard, the main parameters as well as criteria should be taken into account. Since plant type choosing is a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) problem, two outstanding MCDM methods-PROMETHEE and ELECTRE-are considered through the analyses as well as verification of the results. Decision matrix was first provided based on questionnaires filled by experts and the next stages, rankings were then carried out using aforementioned approaches. The findings demonstrated that the most suitable plant type with the highest score of 5 in ELECTRE and 4.34 in PROMETHEE method is Acer monspesulanum tree.
S. J. Mousavi1, M. Shayestehfar1, P. Moarefvand2 1Department of Mining Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran 2Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Geostatistics, Ordinary Kriging, Sequential Gaussian Simulation, Artificial Neural Network, Lake Siah, Iran
Estimation of iron ore grade distribution has been done using geostatistics and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models for an iron ore body in Central Iran. The methods implemented include Ordinary Kriging (OK), Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS), and ANN. A comparison of the estimates from these techniques was done to investigate which method gives more accurate estimates.
Th e three zonal complexes of clavarioid fungi at the south-eastern part of West Siberia (Novosibirsk region and Altai
Krai) were investigated. Th e steppe mycocomplex is the poorest, includes 27 species, forest-steppe richer half (56 species).
Only one species is specifi c for both of them. In contrast, the hemiboreal mycocomplex of the Salair Ridge is
considerably richer, unites 100 species, 44 of them found only here. Comparison of the taxonomic structure at investigated
mycomplexes with those of the Eastern European, Urals and East Siberian help for creating of mycogeographical
lines which are separating the West Siberian plain from the mountaine range, the Urals and Salair.
Forest communities of West Siberia have been studied on a number of latitude transects from subtaiga to north taiga.
Generally 111 moss species recorded in the communities. Th e annotated list of the species with occurrence and
characteristic of the species distribution is given.
On the mainland of Asian Russia the subgenus Picea is represented by two closely related species: P. obovata and
P. koraiensis. Due to morphological similarity between them and uncertainty of the area limits of P. koraiensis in the
Russian Far East, some researchers doubt its species independence. Th e paper deals with polymorphism of the main
morphological characteristics on the base of which spruces of the subgenus Picea growing in the Russian Far Eastern
regions are identifi ed as P. koraiensis. Assumptions of their species independence have been made.
Peculiarities of pollen formation and morphological parameters of pollen grains in 4 Picea A. Dietr. species from
collection of Institute of Forest SB RAS Arboretum (Krasnoyarsk) were determined. High pollen quality of ornamental
form of local species P. obovata and introduced species P. ajanensis and P. mariana has been shown. Decreased
viability (71.6 %) and high frequency of abnormal grains (14.1 %) were character for P. pungens pollen.
Th e data about a genetic variability, structure and degree of diff erentiation populations of Siberian larch, Gmelin larch
and Cajanderi larch were obtained. It was established that studied species are diff ered in genetic structure, and the
most signifi cant diff erences are observed between populations of Siberian larch and group of populations of Gmelin
larch and of Cajanderi larch.
Researches of phenolic compounds Coluria geoides (Pall.) Ledeb. by methods PC, TLC and HPLC chromatographies.
Contents of 15 compounds of the phenolic nature which are presented of fl avonoids, coumarins and phenolcarbolic
acids was established. Th e gallic, protocatechuic and ellagic acids, coumarin, aglycons quercetin, kaempferol, glycosides
of quercetin and kaempferol was identifi ed. Phenolic compounds in this plant are identifi ed for the fi rst time.
The variability of the morphological features of plants Astragalus austrosibiricus (Fabaceae) at diff erent heights above
sea level in diff erent years of observations was studied. Th e range of morphological variability in diff erent ecological
and geographical conditions was shown. Th e complex of traits was revealed, which are characterized by high correlation
coeffi cients and by set the degree of infl uence factors on the variability of some studied morphological attributes.
By method of X-ray fl yuorescencent analysis using of synchrotron radiation (RFA SI) Content of 19 chemical elements
in vegetative and generative organs Lathyrus vernus (L.) Bernh. and in soils, which he sprouts was studied. Th e
change of element composition during a vegetation period is shown. Th e coeffi cients of biological accumulation of
microelements (KBN) showing the degree of their concentration.
Th e objective of the research described in this paper was to evaluate genetic diversity of endemic species Hedysarum
theinum Krasnob. by inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) analysis of genomic DNA. Th ree ISSR markers were used
to analyze the genetic structure of two H. theinum populations from Altai Republic, Russia. Revealed high DNA
polymorphism allows using ISSR technique as a powerful and effi cient approach for research an interpopulation
diversity and genotype fi ngerprinting.
Th e method of studying of characteristics of the latent period for the species of the genus Viola was developed. Th e
seed production, ground and laboratory germination, conditions for seed germination and dynamics of its
germination were defi ned for species of section Mirabiles (V. mirabilis and V. subglabra). Th e dependence of the
germination, the energy of germination and the intensity of energy of germination were identifi ed. Th e duration of
preservation of seed viability were found.
Comparative analysis of leave series for two similar species of genus Euphorbia section Esula: Euphorbia borealis and
E. microcarpa is performed. New leaves parameters for the more accurate diagnostics of these species are revealed
and described: width and shape of lower leaves, width and shape of meddle leaves, form of the bract base, and some
others.
Th e infl uence of the air temperature, relative humidity and rainfall on the expression of sex polymorphism in plants
Th ymus elegans Serg. was investigated in the forest-steppe of Novosibirsk Oblast.
L.A. Klementyeva, O.V. Poshelyuzhina
State Research Establishment Lisavenko Research Institute
of Horticulture for Siberia of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 656045, Barnaul, Zmeinogorskiy trakt, 49 niilisavenko@hotbox.ru
Keywords: introduction, species, seasonal development, winter resistance, productivity, ornamental
Th e results of primary studying of 21 onion species in conditions of a forest-steppe zone of the Altai Territory are
presented. Peculiarities of a seasonal development of species with the account of temperature factor are discussed. It
is proved, that all the species, with the exception of A. moly, are developed normally, A. neapolitanum has low winter
resistance in severe winters. Seeds quality is high. 7 species are recommended for ornamental horticulture.
Isolation of species Elymus pendulinus, E. brachypodioides and E. vernicosus is prejudiced by results of analyses of
herbaria and a live material in connection with their eсological and geographical specifi city. On the basis of the revealed
variation of the basic diagnostic characters the conclusion has been drawn that splitting of the complex E. pendulinus
s.l. on independent species is not to be proved.
Th e fl ora of steppes of the Baikal Siberia (BS) is rich enough (666 species of high vascular plants), that is a consequence
of features of a climate, orography, and also its buff er position between Northern and the Central Asia. In a variety of
steppe relicts BS are in some measure refl ected palaeogeographic events in open spaces of Northern Asia throughout
last 3-5 million years, from tertiary savannas and deserts to tundra-steppe landscapes of Pleistocene. Besides in an
exchange and transformation of fl ora the great value had as median position of territory BS in a trans-Asiatic
mountain belt, and climatic influence of Megaberingia, and also influence of glacial epoch, connected with
cryoaridisation. All it has formed a basis of high uniqueness of fl ora of steppes BS. It not only the most ancient relicts
of paleogen-neogen age (Peganum nigellastrum, Caryopteris mongolica, Craniospermum subvillosum), but also
pleistocene periglacial (Chamaerhodos altaica, Oxytropis eriocarpa, Patrinia sibirica, Gentiana decumbens, Artemisia
depauperata). Its perfect model for knowledge fl orogenesis not only in mountains of Siberia, but also the north of the
Central Asia.
Species composition of the obligate fraction of psammophytic fl ora of Siberia and adjacent areas was identifi ed by the
results of fi eld study and literature data. Centers of its diversity in Siberia were singled out. Links with adjacent
regions were analyzed with the help of inclusion measures, which allowed to assess originality of the psammophytic
element of fl oras for Siberian regions. Baikal Siberia may be considered as an independent center of psammophytic
diversity of North Asia.
Th is article describes new plant association of small-leaved forests with well-developed herbaceous layer from western
part of Kuznetskaya depression. Ecology, genesis and geographical distribution of association communities are
shortly described.
Classifi cation of watershed meadow communities of Arrhenatheretalia order occurring on Tobol-Irtish and Ob-
Irtish watersheds (subtaiga subzone) was made according to the Braun-Blanquet approach. 3 associations and 4
subassociations of alliance Festucion pratensis were described. In this area meadow communities on abandoned
arable lands predominate. Meadow communities on zonal soils belong to the association Cirsio setosi-Phleetum
pratensis. It is represented with 3 subassociations. In the western part of studied area (Tobol-Irtish watershed) on
sandy weakly-acidic soils meadow communities of Loto corniculati-Agrostietum tenuis dianthetosum deltoidis
subassociation with Agrostis tenuis as dominate are common. Th e meadows of Aegopodio podagrariae-Phleetum
pratensis association occur in the eastern part of studied area (Vasyugan plane of Ob-Irtish watershed). Th ey are
situated in small depressions and at forest edges. Under anthropogenic pressure (haying) they replace forest meadow
(Geranio bifolii-Brachypodietum pinnati) association.
Th e description of the association Carici aquatilis-Juncetum brachyspathi Taran et Tyurin ass. nov. (Phragmito-
Magnocaricetea Klika in Klika et Novak 1941, Magnocaricetalia Pignatti 1953, Magnocaricion elatae W. Koch 1926)
is given. Th is association occurs in mouth sors of the Ob River tributaries within the limits of the middle taiga
subzone.
Th e characteristic of suburban communities containing brakes in the grass stand is given. Transformation of their
species composition under anthropogenic infl uence and response of brakes to diff erent degrees of load are shown.
N.P. Vasiljev1, A.V. Volchanskaya1, A.A. Sorokin2, G.A. Firsov1 1Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, 197376, Saint-Petersburg, Prof. Popov str., 2 botsad_spb@mail.ru 2Vavilov Institute of Plant Breeding, 190000, Saint-Petersburg, Bolshaya Morskaya str., 42 a.sorokin@vir.nw.ru
Keywords: Viburnum edule, mooseberry, biodiversity conservation, Red Data Book of Russia
Mooseberry (Viburnum edule (Michx.) Rafi n.) is cultivated at Botanic garden of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS
(Saint-Petersburg) since 1999, it is winterhardy and produces fruits. Th is threatened arboreal species is recommended
to be included into the forthcoming edition of the Red Data Book of Russia as vulnerable species. Taking in mind
its value and promising qualities for gardening and horticulture it is recommended into wider cultivation which will
promote its ex situ conservation.
Intensive use of the rare species Hedysarum theinum habitats in the Altai Republic for cutting, overharvesting of red
root for medicinal raw material and slow rate renewal may lead this species to extinction. Creation of artifi cial
populations of this voluable plant will help obtaining raw material for medicinal preparations, as well as reintroduction
of the plant to natural localities.
G.A. Firsov, A.V. Volchanskaya
Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, 197376, Saint-Petersburg, Prof. Popov str., 2 gennady_fi rsov@mail.ru, botsad_spb@mail.ru
Keywords: introduction, levels of adaptation, threatened species, woody fl ora of Russia
Th e gardener of Imperial Forest Institute Egbert Wolf (1917) tested the largest amount of woody species at Saint-
Petersburg, with 46 species which now are included into the Red Data Book of Russian Federation. Till recently the
main ideas on winterhardiness of woody exotic plants have been based on Wolf s data. In conditions of the warming
of the climate which has strenthened since the end of the 1980s, the amount of non-hardy species has diminished, at
the the same time the amount of hardy species has enlarged. Th ere are more species which reach its reproductive
state, and 4 of them produce the self-sowing.
