Home – Home – Jornals – Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics 2021 number 6

The main study objective is to identify the features of implementing measures of the supreme power in the middle 1950s - early 1960s initiated by Soviet scientists-economists, supporters of development under conditions of state and group ownership of market relations. The article substantiates the thesis that the “liberal reformist course” realization led to a significant transformation of the existing agrarian system. Based on the analysis of the peculiarities of the collective farm-state farm system functioning during I.V. Stalin’s reign, and relying on new factual material, the author reveals the specifics of post-Stalinist reforming the procurement and pricing mechanism in agriculture, the system of material and technical services for collective farms, the procedure of functioning of the collective farm self-government, and analyzes the anti-crisis initiatives of the supreme power and scientists-economists in the first half of the 1960s. The paper argues that during the period under review, the Stalinist agrarian model foundations were dismantled - natural tax procurements, the system of low-paid forced labor of collective farmers, machine and tractor stations. The transition to purchasing agricultural products at uniform prices took place. The guaranteed cash wages were introduced, the collective farms received ownership of agricultural machinery. However, realizing the “liberal reformist direction” of the agrarian policy was hampered by the parallel implementation of Khrushchev’s leftist reformist initiatives, which provided establishing the domination of state ownership over group and personal ones, forced industrialization of agriculture, and using mobilization tools to solve production tasks. Therefore, the most important agricultural measure - MTS reorganization - was carried out in a short time without taking into account the real capabilities of farms by N.S. Khrushchev’s demand, and therefore did not lead to the high economic results predicted by its developers in short terms.

The world has recently seen a constant and intensive increase of the elderly population size. The process of the population demographic aging has affected all countries that have embarked on the path of demographic transition, including our country, it is accompanied by the older people’s growing activity. The author aims to identify the concept of the heuristic possibilities of the concept of the older generation’s resource potential, that makes it possible to consider older people as the productive members of the society, to study risks of demographic aging in Russian regions. To achieve the goal, the author analyzes the resource potential components, such as health, educational, qualification, motivational and social ones and their current status in the Russian elderly population, in general and in the regional context. The study is based on data of state statistics bodies, state authorities and results of sociological surveys of the elderly population. The analysis has shown the lack of statistical data to determine the level of the elderly population’s social potential, because the older generation’s activity level in various spheres plays an important role in its condition. In this regard, it is necessary to carry on surveys of older people to identify their activity in maintaining their health, and other components of the resource potential. The resource potential’s structural elements analysis is the base to develop methods and tools for such surveys, and their results allow characterizing the level of older people’s resource potential in the regions deeply and comprehensively.

The article considers and analyzes some brief historical evidence and visual materials testifying to Kuchum Khan’s run out of Siberian metropolitan town of Qaşliq, accompanied by his entourages and supporters from among Siberian Tatar warriors. He hastily headed southward to the steppe southern regions of West Siberia and northern regions of current Kazakhstan to those remote areas, where at that time there were settlement sites of Kazakh steppe nomads within the Kazakh nomadic association. Accompanied by his supporters, Kuchum Khan went to his former residence, where he used to live before seizing power in the Siberian Khanate. He left many Siberian Tatar towns in the Siberian Khanate territory without his military support, hastily escaped and refused to defend them, fearful to confront the Russian Cossacks weaponed with fire-arms. Some brief information about these historical events is reflected in the text and illustrations of «Brief Siberian (Kungur) Chronicle». This article objective is to examine the data and visual materials dedicated to a historical plot presented in the text and illustrations of this historical source. The analyzed illustration of Siberian Tatar three towns located between streams on a hillside along the Irtysh River bank. There is a defensive trench along the walls of a Siberian Tatar town. At the upper part of the illustration, there are three troops of equestrian Siberian Tatar warriors, who are probably going to the steppe regions of West Siberia and northern Kazakhstan. The authors analyze features of the armament, headdresses and clothes, as well as the standards of Siberian Tatar warriors, which are at the illustration. They consider an image of a pedestrian Siberian Tatar warrior troop. The pictorial materials significantly supplement the studied written source data about the hasty escape of Siberian Kuchum Khan and his supporters to the steppes.

The paper presents main problems of representing the historical knowledge in the modern public space of Russia, which were discussed at the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference “VI Yadrintsev Readings” held in Omsk in October 2021. Leading scientists of various fields of humanitarian knowledge (historians, geographers, culturologists, archaeologists, ethnographers and others), as well as specialists in archival, library and museum affairs from twelve regions of Russia considered the issues of myth-making in public history, the experience of preserving cultural memory and updating historical and cultural heritage, and more general problems related to traditional and modern interpretations of the concepts of “local history”, “local historian” and “amateur local historian”. It has been proposed to understand the local history as the process of forming a multidisciplinary knowledge about the nature, history, economy and culture of a certain region aimed at popularizing the results in the public space and fostering love for a small homeland.

The designated transition of libraries to the communicative development paradigm implies the use of concepts of “space”, “library space”, “cultural and information space”. Analysis of interaction and mutual influence of the library environment and humanitarian space in Novosibirsk shows that, according to multiplicity of the city images formed for relatively short period, its library environment developed quite quickly as a multi-level structure borrowing resources, creating a variety of specializations and directions. Libraries have ensured orderliness and structuring of resources, gave solidity and stability to the emerging information space of the megalopolis.

The paper analyzes the degree of involving the book culture of the indigenous and small peoples of Siberia and the Far East into the electronic information environment by its presentation on websites of at local libraries different level. It overviews modern Russian publications on the issue of studying Internet resources dedicated to indigenous and small peoples. The practice of creating full-text databases by regional libraries including both books in indigenous languages and editions reflecting the ethno-cultural specifics of a particular territory is considered as the main way to represent their book culture.

The book under review is devoted to a significant page in the Great Patriotic War history - the Lend-Lease assistance program for the allies. The review notes the importance of introducing into the Russian scientific circulation the documents of the Government Purchasing Commission (GPC) deposited in the Russian State Archive of Economics, and thoroughly studied by the monograph’s author. The analysis of internal structural contradictions in the US government, which played an important role in delaying the implementation of the Lend-Lease program, is also of undoubted importance. The description of GPC actions in May 1945, after a sudden suspension of supplies to the USSR from the United States, closes a lacuna that has still remained in the Lend-Lease national historiography.

The article is devoted to the results of the scientific school-conference, within the framework of which young historians discussed topical problems of historical science. An important part of the event was the scientific school «Popularization of history: from theory to practice». The experts shared with the audience their views on the problem of popularizing historical knowledge, which became the main topic of this year’s conference. The school-conference’s main activity was held at sessions in five topical areas: source studies and historiography; society and power in the world history: relationship problems; socio-economic processes in the world history; history of culture; history of international relations and military affairs. The scientific forum ended with a general thematic panel discussion «Translation difficulties: from science to popularization».

Results of a numerical study of the laminar-turbulent transition in the boundary layer of a prolate spheroid obtained with the use of the ANSYS Fluent gas-dynamic software with an in-house developed module of the laminar-turbulent transition based on the e ^N-method are reported. Based on experimental data, a method of determining individual threshold N -factors for different transition mechanisms is proposed.

The gas-dynamic conservation laws in integral form for sections of channels which have a bend of the axis, a jump in the cross-section area or channel branching is an open system of equations. The openness problem is solved by a method based on the independence of the thermodynamic function (pressure recovery factor) on the specified geometric arguments. The mathematical model reduces to a closed system of nonlinear algebraic equations not requiring additional hypotheses and admitting a solution in explicit form for small Mach numbers.

Coupled equations are used to develop a method for solving boundary-value problems for second- and third-order equations. With the use of the factorization method, a three-point boundary-value problem for a third-order equation is reduced to a system of first- and second-order equations. In order to solve the second-order equation, a discrete problem is constructed, which is then used to solve the main problem. This method is peculiar because discrete (difference) boundary-value problems are constructed without using approximations of differential operators. The method is generalized to solve higher-order equations.

A system of two nonlinear stochastic equations is used to simulate fluctuations near a critical transition. Their interaction results in extreme fluctuations of temperature and heat fluxes with a (1/f) spectrum in critical heat and mass transfer regimes. The interaction of large and small fluctuations in the critical domain is investigated, which can make it possible to explain the physical nature of (1/f) noise and large fluctuations with power-series amplitude distribution, as well as their interaction with classical fluctuations. In the case of external periodic action on a system with interacting nonequilibrium phase transitions, the chaotic regimes characterized by unstable pulsation cycles are determined.

In this study, the Al₂O₃-H₂O nanofluid flow through a duct with a square cross section under a constant heat flux is simulated using a single-phase model. According to the chosen values of the Reynolds and modified Richardson numbers, this flow is laminar, and it is considered in mixed convection. The dynamic and thermal parameters of this flow are determined numerically by using the CFD-Fluent software based on the finite volume method by introducing the Boussinesq approximation. The analysis is carried out for Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 1000 and modified Richardson numbers equal to 0.1 and 0.5. The results obtained show that gravitational forces generate two thermo-convective cells in each cross section along the channel, and asymmetric temperature and velocity profiles are formed. The effects of the volume fraction of nanoparticles, Reynolds number, and modified Richardson number on the flow structure, Nusselt number, and pressure drop are analyzed. With the use of nanofluids, the Nusselt number increases, which ensures heat transfer enhancement. Finally, a correlation is proposed for the Nusselt number as a function of the nanoparticle volume fraction, which can be used for heat transfer predictions.

In this research, we use the fluid theory in an efficient way to perform a theoretical study on a divergent flux of fast electrons produced during interaction of a high-power laser beam with a cylindrical over-dense target. Cylindrical targets consisting of a low-density core with high-density cladding structures are irradiated by an ultra-intense annular laser beam. The analytical model exhibits such structures with a density gradient generating a strong spontaneous interface magnetic field that can collimate the fast electron beam and prevent electrons from escaping. The magnetic field generated by such a cylindrical target is compared with that of planar targets. The results show that cylindrical structures have a more effective potential for producing spontaneous interface magnetic fields and reducing the transverse angular distribution of the fast electron beam. Thus, they will be adequate to increase the possibility of energy transmission to the main target for a more promising fast ignition scheme in inertial confinement fusion.

Natural vibrations of supports comprised of three cylindrical panels supported by ring elements and soil are under study. A system of equations describing the problem is constructed using Hamilton's least-action principle. A dependence between the frequency characteristics and the geometric parameters of the support is investigated.

Changes in temperature and pressure conditions during the development of an oil reservoir with a high paraffin content in a limiting saturated state causes an in-situ phase transition to a solid state, and the filtering of a mixture of oil with solid paraffin particles at a temperature below the flocculation temperature causes clogging in the pore space of the reservoir in narrow places and bottle necks of pores. Thus, laboratory studies are carried out to determine the critical points and parameters of an oil - gas - paraffin mixture under various thermobaric conditions. A mathematical model is developed that describes wax deposition in the pore space of a low-temperature oil reservoir and makes it possible to calculate its permeability during development. The model parameters are adapted to their experimental values. Numerical calculations are used to determine the values of the main parameters that affect the reservoir permeability.

A method for the quantitative evaluation of the matrix and fracture permeabilities was developed and algorithmically implemented within the framework of the dual-porosity continuum model describing mass transfer in a fractured porous reservoir. The method involves the solution of the inverse coefficient problem whose input data are the well flow rate characteristics measured in the stop-start operation mode. The algorithm is based on the obtained analytical solution of the direct problem of the evolution of hydrodynamic fields in the near-wellbore space. The results of numerical experiments show that the inverse problem has a unique solution with a moderate level of noise in the input data.

Based on the applied theory of shells, an energetically consistent resolving system of equations has been formulated and a complex numerical method using an explicit variational-difference schemes has been developed to solve both quasi-static and dynamic problems of nonlinear nonaxisymmetric deformation and buckling of composite cylindrical shells. The reliability of the developed method is verified by comparing calculation results and experimental data. For various of reinforcement structures, an analysis of critical loads and characteristic forms of buckling of composite cylindrical shells previously subjected to quasi-static loading internal pressure followed by dynamic loading by axial compression.

A heterogeneous material obtained by means of cold gas dynamic spraying with subsequent laser processing is studied. The reasons for reduction of the particle size of boron carbide B₄C under the action of a laser beam and the chemical composition of the material containing the "lost" material of B₄C particles are examined. A mathematical model, which takes into account the dissolution of B₄C particles and the presence of a chemical reaction, is developed. The elastic properties of the deposited heterogeneous material are analyzed with the use of continuum approaches that describe heterogeneous media and are based on averaging of the original stochastic equations.

The fragmentation of projectiles penetrating into thin discrete bumpers is accompanied by ejections of material from the front part of the projectile in the direction of its movement. Material ejection from the front part of the projectile and fragments of the rear part of the projectile form two groups of fragments. The distribution of craters formed by these groups of fragments was analyzed, and the intensity and nature of the damage they caused and the effect of projectile velocity on the kinetic energy distribution between these groups were determined. Fragments were recorded using witness plates of great thicknesses placed at a certain distance behind the steel mesh bumper on the path of movement of fragments. It was found that with an increase in velocity, the proportion of specific kinetic energy of the front ejections increased and the fraction of the kinetic energy of the fragments of the rear of the projectile decreased. The kinetic energy distribution was determined in the case of fragmentation of a projectile of an aluminum alloy of 9 mm diameter on a tungsten mesh (wire diameter 0.5 mm, aperture 3.2 mm). The diameter of the projectile to the cell size of the tungsten mesh was the same as for steel mesh. Significant difference shown The kinetic energy distributions for the tungsten and steel mesh were found to be significantly different, probably due to the strength characteristics of the projectile material and the smaller wire diameter in experiments with the tungsten mesh. The features of damage to the witness plate by a group of small fragments were analyzed.

This paper describes a problem of steady-state creep of a long narrow rectangular membrane in the case of a linear dependence between the transverse pressure and time. The membrane is located inside a tall long rigid matrix with a rectangular cross section, the ratio of the height to half the width is greater than unity. A power-series relationship between the stress intensities and creep strain rates of the membrane is used. Two variants of contact conditions for the membrane and the matrix are considered: ideal sliding and adhesion. The analysis of the problem is carried out until the time at which the membrane is almost completely adjacent to the matrix walls. It is shown that, if the relative height of the membrane is smaller than a certain value, then the creep duration of the membrane until the moment at which it almost completely adjoins the matrix walls is shorter in the case of ideal sliding than in the case of adhesion, and vice versa. An explanation of this effect is provided.

The article focuses on two features of the objective-idealistic component in the philosophy of R. Descartes. The first one consisted in the fact that in solving key general ontological issues, as well as those related to the interpretation of human specificity Descartes used an approach that determined the presence of the beginning of dialectics in his conceptual vision and corresponding concepts. The second feature of Decartes’ philosophical position was his absolute disregard for the norms of rational thinking when determining his view on issues that were also key for his worldview position, which was reflected, among other things, in a number of statements that Descartes himself characterized as something rational.

The article deals with the transdisciplinary problem of the emergence of the complexity. In the context of post-nonclassical rationality, сomplexity is studied in two interrelated aspects: the ontological and epistemological ones. Asymmetry is considered as one of the possible principles that specify complexifictio in systems of various ontological ranks. The generalized principle of “a participant observer” is proposed as a mechanism for distinguishing and objectifying the complex in the existing reality. In the context of “the hard problem of consciousness”, the heuristic of the proposed explanation for the emergence of complexity is considered.

The article examines the socio-epistemological features of the transformation of the mathematical community and mathematical practice of obtaining and verifying knowledge in new forms of organizing mathematical research on the example of the Polymath platform. It is shown that formal logic models of the distribution of knowledge and obtaining proof in Polymath based on epistemic logic for multi-agent systems not only provide more expressive means of studying arguments in mathematical practice, but also are of great importance for studying the institution of knowledge expertise in traditional forms of organizing mathematical practice.

Theoretical knowledge can contain various levels of abstraction, represented by logical constructs from the observed characteristics of objects in the subject area. The degree of abstraction is determined by the way in which the resulting structures are connected to experimental data. Auxiliary constructions are characterized by explicit or implicit definitions of theoretical concepts in terms of observational. One of the methods for building these definitions is the operationalization of abstractions by a system of reduction sentences. In this case the definiendum becomes "open", so as to be a logical and methodological technique for expanding the possible connections of the theoretical model by its practical applications.

The article considers the place and role of the concept of state in the context of determinist understanding in natural scientific knowledge. It is shown that without the use of this concept, determinist ideas seem to be incomplete.

The article analyses the value of the concept of independence for philosophy, pure mathematics and applied mathematics. Thus, examples from geometry and set theory demonstrate that the study of mathematical statements independent of axiomatics provided an impetus for the development both of these sciences and mathematical logic. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the use of independence in applications. As we know, the most popular applications of mathematical disciplines such as elementary probability theory and mathematical statistics often use models of independent experiments. Since formal verification of the relation of independence is labor-intensive, independence is often introduced on the basis of intuitive reasoning. The article shows the inconsistency of arguments in favor of adopting independent experiment models based on intuitive considerations, such as control of experimental conditions and a negligible correlation of random values. The author outlines the prospects for accepting independence out of pure mathematical approaches, but on the basis of philosophical principles and those of natural sciences, namely the common cause principle and the maximum entropy principle.

We argue that Anton Zeilinger’s “foundational conceptual principle” for quantum mechanics, according to which an elementary system carries one bit of information, is an idealistic principle and should be replaced by a realistic principle of contextuality. The specific properties of quantum systems arise from the impossibility of talking about them without regard to the tools of their observation/identification and, therefore, to the context in which these tools are applied. In particular, the assumption of non-locality is not required to explain quantum correlation. Correlated quantum events are interrelated in a causal way. Yet, this is not classical, but quantum causality expressed by an entangled wave function. This or that particular correlation does not arise in measurement; in measurement, it is identified in context. In contrast to Zeilinger’s principle of quantization of information, the principle of contextuality explains it realistically.

Technological progress can be described as a game called the Inventor's Dilemma which is analogous to the Prisoner's Dilemma. Two actors who independently work on creating a potentially dangerous technology are likely to continue to develop it, even if they recognize the danger and come to an agreement. The very situation, in which they are, prompts them to continue working. Thus, it is virtually inevitable that potentially dangerous technologies will appear. This means that instead of trying to prevent the emergence of such technologies we should focus on finding a way to neutralize or compensate for the negative consequences of their emergence.

The paper provides a review of Øystein Linnebo's "Thin Objects. An Abstractionist Account" and contains a brief summary of the main ideas of the chapters published in the mentioned book.

Elymus fedtschenkoi, E. nevskii and E. praeruptus are three morphologically similar species traditionally assigned to the informal “Elymus semicostatus group” and distributed in open habitats in the mountainous regions of Central Asia, including the Russian Gorny Altai. There are no data on the finding of E. praeruptus within Russia to date. The work provides a detailed analysis of the history of synonymy of the studied species. Their close relationship is confirmed not only by morphological similarity, but also by the high numbers of bivalents per cell (10-12) in meiosis in interspecific hybrids (Salomon, 1993). Analysis of the variability of endosperm proteins in individual caryopses by SDS-electrophoresis showed the following: a) each of the three species has internal polymorphism, which makes it possible to effectively study inter- and intrapopulation specificity even using non-viable material; b) differences within the accessions of E. fedtschenkoi - E. nevskii are more pronounced with geographic remoteness than depending on the formal species; c) the accessions E. praeruptus from Gissar-Alai had completely unique sets of components, and the visual coincidence of the REM values with other accessions, in our opinion, may be of a random nature. According to the revealed polymorphism of ISSR markers, E. fedtschenkoi and E. nevskii have a distinct genetic similarity, while E. praeruptus is noticeably distant from this pair of species. Probably, biotypes with the trait “long lemma’s awns” (up to 25 mm), attributed to E. fedtschenkoi s. str., together with biotypes with the trait “short lemma’s awns” (1-6 mm), which are classified as E. nevskii s. str., should be attributed to a unified complex E. nevskii s.l.

The article presents results of field research on biology, ecology, productivity and distribution of Rhodiola rosea L. in different natural areas of Tuva. The study of flora and vegetation was carried out on the basis of route studies using generally accepted floral and geobotanical methods during the period from 2001 to 2019. The values of productivity, operational stocks, and volume of possible annual harvest were established according to the “Methodology for determining stocks of medicinal plants” (1986) using the method of “specific thickets”. Our studies have shown that in Tuva the genus Rhodiola L. is represented by six species: Rhodiola rosea L., Rh. algida (Ledeb.) Fisch. et C.A. Mey, Rh. coccinea (Royle) Boriss., Rh. quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch. et C.A. Mey, Rh. subpinnata (Krasnob.) and Rh. pinnatifida Boriss. The highest productivity of Rhodiola rosea is observed in waterlogged snow-covered and herbal alpine meadows (1200 kg/ha), as well as subalpine (850 kg/ha) meadows. In high-grass subalpine meadows productivity decreases to 230 kg/ha, in grass-sedge meadows - to 130 kg/ha. There are even less Rhodiola rosea stocks in shrub communities (110 kg/ha - in Salix communities, 50 kg/ha - in Pentaphylloides communities). Biological and operational stocks of raw materials have been revealed for most areas of Rhodiola rosea in Tuva; the volumes of possible annual harvest for each of them have been calculated. It was established that the total biological stocks of air-dry raw materials of Rhodiola rosea in Tuva is 109.6 t; the operational stocks is 76.8 t, and the volume of possible annual harvesting is 3.65 t. The maximum stocks have Shapshal Ridge (17.7 t), Udinsky Ridge (11.5 t) and Big Sayan Ridge (11.2 t). For the first time the total area of communities with Rhodiola rosea was determined, a map-scheme of its area was compiled. Distribution of Rhodiola rosea confined to the alpine belt of Tuva, it descends along the river valleys to the upper part of the forest belt.

The seed coat structure or exotesta was first studied in the following species Trollius apertus Perf. ex Igoschina, T. ranunculinus (Sm.) Stearn (section Trollius Doroz.), T. sibiricus Schipcz. (section Longipetala Doroz) and T. riederianus Fisch. et C.A. Mey. (section Insulaetrollius Doroz.). In the paper, there is presented the analysis of our long-term data on seed coat structure variability in 13 samples of T. asiaticus L. (section Longipetala Doroz.) collected in different parts of the area. The seeds are angular, ribbed-scrobiculate with cell of the same tri-hexahedral shape and straight anticlinal walls. The seed coat is smooth, exotestal; aerenchyma is formed by inner layers of the outer integument, while tegmen is formed by inner integument. In the cross-section, the aerenchyma is 28-40 mm thick; other layers get squished and flatten by full ripeness. At the convex side of seeds, aerenchyma is 5-8 mm thick and tegmen - 4-7 mm. Cross-section of ripe seeds shows a vertical hollow in the center of each exotesta cell. The hollow is 2-5 mm wide in its narrowest part and air fills it in the process of cellular protoplast withering away, which takes place usually at the wax ripeness stage. The spermoderm analysis by electron microscopy was conducted in longitudinal section as well. The description of seed coat sculpture by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out according to W. Barthlott (1981). Additionally, there are described cross-sections and the average scheme of the structure is given. The spermoderm surface morphology is represented by the primary sculpture in T. apertus and T. ranunculinus species. The tertiary sculpture is observed as a discontinuous wax coating in T. asiaticus and T. sibiricus, and as a complete one in T. riederianus. In all the species under the study, wax coating does not obscure the primary sculpture traits. In all Trollius genus representatives, the seed coat secondary sculpture is not expressed. We have refined the specific terms which describe the seed coat of Trollius species. The common consistent patterns of the genus have also been revealed. Significant polymorphy of seed coat structure characters was established in T. asiaticus plants from different regions; and their variability was evaluated in samples collected from the same populations in 2017-2020 years. The study of seeds from natural populations of the Sakha Republic and the Altay Republic allows to conclude that plants growing in the most remote from each other geographic regions range mostly in the entirety of the characters. The difference is found maximum in plants from the edges of the species area. Most seed coat structure characters appear to possess rather high plasticity not only within population sampling but even in one single seed, thus they cannot be applied for species diagnostics. SEM shows the form of exotesta cells as the most variable. It depends on the seed ribbing, so we recommend to describe the cells of the convex surface only. To characterise the seed coat in Trollius species we highlight more or less stable traits which demand further study in other representatives of the genus. Relatively constant characters of the spermoderm surface are presence or absence of axial strands formed by exotesta cells due to their flattening in one direction, and the colour and budge of the structural element center. By the cross-section there should be checked the shape of the air hollow and the air bubble presence above it.

Plants of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk. is widely used in traditional medicine of Asian countries. A wide range of pharmacological activity is due to the presence of polyphenolic compounds, the main of which are chromones. In the Far East and south of eastern Siberia natural populations of this species may disappear due to the increasing demand for medicinal raw materials. The results of the primary introduction of S. divaricata are presented in this article. The research was conducted in 2016-2021 years in the conditions of introduction at the collection site “Rare and endangered plants of Siberia” of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS (Novosibirsk). The introduction method of direct experiment was used. The introduction was carried out by seeds from the natural population in two ways: by seedlings and by sowing in the ground. The success of the laboratory-greenhouse-soil method for growing the endemic Asian species S. divaricata was established. Seeds do not have rest, laboratory germination is high and reaches 90 %. Winter hardiness of plants of the first year of life is average, after winter there are 50 % of individuals left, winter hardiness of plants of the second year of life is high. S. divaricata is a young monocarpic in culture, the pregenerative period lasts 2 years, for 3 years the plants bloom and form seeds and die during the next winter. In the conditions of introduction the height of plants reaches 95 cm, which is more than in natural conditions (up to 76 cm). The branched elongated shoot is the synflorescence panicle of compound umbel. The branching of the shoot occurs up to the 5th order both in nature and in culture. The potential seed productivity of the individual was more than 45 thousand ovules, the real seed productivity was about 20 thousand seeds. The primary introduction was evaluated according to 12 criteria. The species S. divaricata is medium-promising for introduction in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Siberia

The biodiversity understanding and conservation require information on the species geography and ecology including a detailed description of spatial distribution and habitat confinedness. The availability of comprehensive data on the distribution of rare and endangered species provides the baseline for combating fragmentation and loss of habitats which is the main reason for the species extinction. Also, to monitor populations of rare and endangered species, detailed data on distribution are crucial. The data on species localities are sufficiently important to control the advent plants dispersal as well. The presented study is supported by 93 relevés and more than 500 herbarium specimens collected in the course of field studies in 2014, 2015, 2018, 2019 in the Republic of Buryatia and Trans-Baikal Territory. As a result of studies, new records of vascular plant species for the Western Trans-Baikal region flora are reported as following. The 25 new localities supported by herbarium specimens and 64 localities documented by relevés for 5 species (Cypripedium macranthon, Circaea lutetiana, Festuca extremiorientalis, Menispermum dauricum, Rhamnus davurica) listed in regional and federal Red Data Books have been described. Also, 11 new localities for 8 rare indigenous species (Artemisia umbrosa, Hieracium narymense, Hylotelephium pallescens, Ribes uva-crispa, Scorzonera glabra, Seseli seseloides, Viola alexandrowiana, V. patrinii) were revealed. The continued expansion of 4 advent plant species (Centaurea scabiosa, Conyza canadensis, Digitaria ischaemum, Trifolium arvense) was supported by newly found 8 localities, 6 of them are documented by herbarium specimens, and 2 localities have been registered in relevés. The suggestion to include Viola alexandrowiana into the Red Data Book of Trans-Baikal Territory is endorsed, and Festuca extremiorientalis is nominated to be listed there too.

In 2019 and 2020 from May to October the known populations of rare species of Novosibirsk oblast were monitored; the biota of macromycetes of Moshkovskyi and Bolotinskyi districts was studied at the same time. As a result, new habitats of several rare species of agaricoid and gasteroid basidiomycetes were discovered. The article presents new data on 4 rare species of agaricoid and gasteroid basidiomycetes, included in the Red Data Book of Novosibirsk region: Melanophyllum haematospermum (Bull.) Kreisel, Pluteus fenzlii (Schulzer) Corriol et P.-A. Moreau, Phallus impudicus L. and Mutinus ravenelii (Berk. et M.A. Curtis) E. Fisch. Specimens are deposited in the M.G. Popov Herbarium (NSK) at the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The state of local populations of the identified species, the tendency of their distribution in the region and in the world, peculiarities of ecology and biology are discussed, and threatening factors are noted. A map with the locations of these species in the Novosibirsk region is presented. The obtained data confirms the rare status for the species Melanophyllum haematospermum and Pluteus fenzlii that belong to agaricoid basidiomycetes and still have low numbers of populations. Additionally, a new habitat for Pluteus fenzlii was recorded in the forests from the wildfire zone. In order to clarify the taxonomic and conservation status of the gasteromycetes Phallus impudicus и Mutinus ravenelii, molecular and DNA testing is required as well as further monitoring. At the present time, new habitats have been found for Phallus impudicus but the population numbers remain low. Conversely, fruit bodies of Mutinus ravenelii appear frequently, with the majority of new habitats found in the anthropogenic zone. The species is likely to be excluded from the list of rare species of Novosibirsk oblast.

USU “Herbarium” CSBS SB RAS unites two herbariums with their own acronyms: I.M. Krasnoborov herbarium (NS) and M.G. Popov herbarium (NSK). The genus Rhododendron is represented in the collections by 42 species and subspecies in the amount of 2912 herbarium leaves, including 3 sheets of type specimens of Rh. burjaticum Malyschev: NSK 0000558, NSK 0000559, NSK 0000560. The purpose of this work is to assess the volume and completeness of the species and population collections of rhododendrons. The flora of Russia and the states that were part of the USSR includes 23 species of representatives of the genus Rhododendron (according to the modern classification). All these species are found in the herbarium collections of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the SB RAS. In I.M. Krasnoborov herbarium keeps 558 sheets, M.G. Popov herbarium - 1575 sheets. The genus is classified according to the system of D. Chamberlain. Sampling was carried out by 427 collectors, and the determination was carried out by 186 specialists. Herbarium materials were collected from all over Russia, as well as Bulgaria, Georgia, Italy, Canada, Mongolia, USA, Turkey, Ukraine and Japan. In addition to our own collections, the collection includes samples obtained from the herbaria of 45 scientific institutions in Russia, Bulgaria, Georgia, Canada, USA, Ukraine and Japan.

The results of the International scientific conference “Northern Asia plant diversity: current trends in research and conservation” (September 6-12, 2021, Novosibirsk) dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS and the 90th anniversary of the birth of outstanding Siberian botanists, Professors L.I. Malyshev and I.M. Krasnoborov are considered. The scientific program covers a wide range of topics related to the study and preservation of flora diversity at all levels of its organization. 77 oral reports (6 plenary and 71 sectional) were presented, 42 of them were online ones. 59 presentations are posted on the Conference Website. Following the results of the conference, a resolution was adopted.