I.Yu Rasskazov1, V. A. Petrov2, Yu. V. Fedotova1, P. A. Anikin1, M. I. Potapchik1, V. I. Usikov1 1Institute of Mining, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, Russia 2Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: Geodynamic zoning, stress-strain behavior, physical and mechanical properties, geomechanical control, rockburst hazard
The article presents the integrated research into geomechanics and geodynamics of Small Tulukui uranium ore field in southeastern Transbaikalia. The studies into tectonic structure and the terrain morphometry in the area of the Steltsov ore field reveals the modern geodynamics features and their correlation with the stress-strain behavior of rock mass. The stress field parameters and the physical/mechanical properties of rocks point at potential of dynamic fracture in the edge area of the deposit. The numerical stress-strain modeling and in-situ observation data prove the tendency of rock mass to rockbursting, and the bottom levels of the deposit (at the depth of 500 m and downward) are assessed as rockburst-hazardous. A package of measures aimed to prevent rock bursts and to reduce geodynamic risk is developed for the mining safety.
A. F. Revuzhenko, A. P. Bobryakov, V. P. Kosykh
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Dilatancy, simple shear, complex loading, cyclic deformation, granular bodies, stochastic packing, relative density
The authors describe the dilatancy testing of granular media composed on similar spherical particles-glass balls, millet grains and peas. The testing included simple shearing and complex loading with continuous rotation of the strain tensor axes. The cyclic deformation enables partial elimination of defects of the initial stochastic packing and promotes its transition to a reversible state. The optimal relative density of a packing is presented for the discrete element analyses.
The revision of the Novopokrovsky’s collection (Herbarium of the Southern Federal University, Rostov-na-Donu (RV) is done. According new found data 12 species and 1 subspecies names of the genus Galatella Cass. (previously described by I.V. Novopokrovskiy) were typified. 5 holotypes are recognized, holo- and lectotypes are kept in RV, LE, AA.
Revealed a variety of class syntaxa Carici rupestris – Kobresietea bellardii Ohba 1974 for the East Sayan. To order Kobresio–Dryadetalia Ohba 1974 and alliance Dryadion oxyodontae Zhitlukhina et Onishchenko ex Chytry et al. 1993 attributed two associations ( Androsaco bungeanae – Flavocetrarietum cucullatae ass. nova hoc loco, Alectorio ochroleucae – Dryadetum oxyodontae ass. nova hoc loco) and two subassociations. To order Kobresietalia myosuroidis Mirkin et al. (1983) 1986 Ohba (1974) and alliance Kobresion myosuroidis Mirkin et al. 1983 em. Hilbig 2000 assigned three associations ( Dryado oxyodontae – Festucetum komarovii ass. nova hoc loco, Th alictro alpini – Betuletum humilis ass. nova hoc loco, Pulsatillo ambiguae – Caricetum pediformis ass. nova hoc loco), two subassociations and one community. A wide variety of class syntaxa Carici rupestris – Kobresietea bellardii due to a variety of climatic conditions, the East Sayan Mountains. Here are a humid-semihumid and semihumid-semiarid highlands.
Th e morphogenesis in vitro culture of two endemic species of the genus Fritillaria – F. dagana and F. sonnikovae was described. It is noted that the highest regeneration potential was developed from the bulbous scales. Th e development on two ways morphogenesis – direct organogenesis and indirect somatic embryogenesis was observed.
Transport and industrial effects on plants Potentilla fruticosa L. was studied. It has been established that decreasing the size of the leaf, the length of annual shoot, petiole, and reduced the content of fl avonoids of Potentilla fruticosa . It is shown that the content of phenolic compounds and fluctuating asymmetry value of Potentilla fruticosa terminal lobe a leaf corresponds to a high level of environmental pollution.
Revealed biodiversity of slime molds of the zonal and intrazonal communities plain area south of West Siberia. Overall, the analysis included the 2581 sample of slime molds belonging to 178 species. Revealed two new species for the territory of Russia – Dianema nivale (Meyl.) G. Lister (this species was previously known from England, Denmark, Italy, Japan, India), Perichaena brevifila T.E. Brooks et H.W. Keller (this species was previously known from Kazakhstan, the US and Japan).
The distribution of the species of the Altai-Sayan lichen biota was studies within the boundaries of the Altai and Krasnoyarsk territories, Kemerovo and Novosibirsk Regions, the Republics of Altai, Khakasia and Tyva, Kazakhstan, Mongolia. At present, the level of the diversity achieves 1805 species from 326 genera. For the first time, the species lists of the lichen biota for the seven largest regions of the Southern Siberia are presented.
In 43.7 % (183 species and subspecies) flower plants of subclass Caryophyllidae in Siberia have 6 forms of sexual differentiation: monoecy, gynomonoecy, gynodioecy, dioecy, paradioecy and polygamodioecy. The most frequent forms of a sexual expression are gynomonoecy (63 species, 15.0 %) and gynodioecy (70 species, 16.7 %). From 6 families are richest with species with sexual diff erentiation Amaranthaceae , Chenopodiaceae , Caryophyllaceae and Polygonaceae.
The complex research of typical section of genus Primula in flora of Russia is made. The herbarium collections are inspected critically, supervision over plants under natural conditions and in the conditions of an introduction are carry out. The seed surface sculpture characters are studied with help of scanning electronic microscope. Results of definition of nucleotide sequences of ITS-region of nuclear rDNA are involved. Conspectus of the section Primula for flora of Russia, including 4 subsections, 14 species and 1 subspecies is made. Th e phototypes for P. veris и P. juliae are published, P. elatior , P. heterochroma and P. ruprechtii are lectotyped. The new combination of subsectional rank is off ered: subsection Julianae (Fed. et A. Los.) Kovt.
Biological peculiarities and ontogenesis of Siberian Myricaria Desv. Species were studied. Research was conducted in the introduction nursery of the Laboratory of Dendrology, Central Siberian Botanical Garden and natural conditions during expeditions to the Altai and East Sayan Mountains. As a result, for the first time ontogenesis of Siberian Myricaria species has been studied and diagnosiscs of their ontogenetic stages have been given.
The system and conspectus of the genus Anoplocaryum species (tribe Eritrichieae, Boraginaceae ) with 2 sections are presented. The relict genus of tertiary mesophytic flora is present by 4 species. All species prefer shady damp crevices and foundation of granite rocks in mountain taiga zone and are distributed in East Siberia and Mongolia. Information about nomenclature and typification, data on ecology and geographical distribution, comments, map of areas, photos of nutlets, stipules and plants in nature, lists of examine specimens, as well as the key for determination of all taxons are given. In result of taxonomical revision new section Tenella is described, holotypes of 3 species are established, areas for all species are precised. New combination Microula brandisii is offered and lectotype is chosen. Recomendations for guarding of species are given.
The attempt of local floras (LF) types division in Middle Siberia North by their latitudinal element proportions with application of cluster analysis is initiated. For this purpose the lists of 82 LF are used, as by author’s generated, as well as by taken from literature sources. Cluster borders, marked on the map in tundra zone, corresponds with generally accepted zone borders. Accordingly with range of latitudinal fractions, the next types of LF are divided: high arctic, arctic, hypoarctic and boreal.
In the article there is a characteristic of psammo-steppes in three index plots (Katkovo, Bezimyannoe, Peschanoe) of eastern coast of Lake Baikal. In the phytocoenosises dominate not only species of psammophyte ecology – Bromopsis korotkiji (Drobow) Holub, Carex sabulosa Turcz. ex Kunth, Oxytropis lanata (Pall.) DC., but also mountainsteppe xeropetrophytes, like Artemisia ledebouriana Besser, Phlojodicarpus sibiricus (Fisch. ex Spreng.) K.-Pol. Th e analysis of typical phytocoenosises of psammo-steppes by the method of ecological ordination has brought out their peculiarities. In the result, psammo-steppe associations of Katkovo in comparison with other index plots on ecological conditions became more homogenous by structure and floristic composition. That is why there is the largest diversity of psammo-steppes, here developed ancient aeolian-deflation forms of relief. In vegetation marked all the basic stages of psammosuccessions with forming the constant by floristic composition and structure coenoses of psammo-steppes. Th e coenoflora of the psammo-steppes consist of 40 species of the higher vascular plants. The part of common species on this three index plots is 8 species (20 %). The originality to the flora adds the endemics – Craniospermum subvillosum Lehm., Astragalus sericeocanus Gontsch., Festuca rubra ssp. baicalensis (Griseb.) Tzvelev.
The maintenance of biologically active substances (flavonols, catechins, tannins, carotinoids, ascorbic acid, pectin substances, saponins) in leaves of Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Tod., collected in vicinities of Novosibirsk during the vegetative period is defined. In the sprouts used in food, in comparison with adult plants, it is more flavonols, catechins, tannins, pectin substances, saponins and simple sugars, however there are less carotinoids (provitamin A) and the ascorbic acid (vitamin C) which peak of the maintenance is established in the middle of summer.
The results of quantitative composition of spare substances and of the groups combinations in the vegetative organs of Erythronium sibiricum (Fischer et Meyer) Krylov . are represented . Dynamics of accumulation of sugars, starch, saponins, ascorbic acid, pectins, protopectins, catechins, tannins in bulbs and leaves E. sibiricum is showed. Researches of the component composition of E. sibiricum introduced in the forest-steppe area of West Siberia for the fi rst time are conducted.
T.I. Novikova
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Zolotodolinskaya str., 101 tin27@mail.ru
Keywords: биотехнология, биоразнообразие растений, стратегии сохранения, технологии сохранения in vitro, biotechnology, plant biodiversity, conservation strategies, in vitro conservation technologies
Conservation of plant genetic resources in in vitro collections is becoming an essential contribution of biotechnology in ex situ conservation strategies. A wide range of biotechnological approaches are utilized in this fi eld including tissue culture techniques, DNA-markers analysis, cryopreservation protocols for in vitro collection of materials, micropropagation and characterization of regenerants, conservation, documentation and exchange of germplasm.
Current status of Coluria geoides coenopopulations in different ecological-coenotic conditions was assessed on the base of characters of organisms and populations. Favorable conditions for growth and development of Coluria geoides turned out to be in weakly disturbed meadow-steppe phytocoenoses.
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Zolotodolinskya str., 101, e-mail: tveli@ngs.ru The method of studying of characteristics of the latent period for the species of the genus Viola was developed. Th e morphology of seeds of species of section Mirabiles ( V. mirabilis and V. subglabra ) was described. Th e variability ofmetric and allometric features were determined. The stomata, crystal layer and specific features in the exotesta wererevealed.
The morphological and biochemical characteristics of the Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb. which grow in deff erent coenotic and ecological conditions of Republic of Altai are researched. Morphometric readings and biochemical composition from different conditions of growth are described. A number of coenotic population of Hedysarum neglectum in which some morphological signs are naturally changed were selected.
Ontogenesis and ontogenetic structure of two coenopopulations of Dracocephalum heterophyllum subsp. ovalifolium were studied at the northern limits of the area in Eastern Zabaikalye. D. heterophyllum subsp. ovalifolium individuals pass complete ontogenesis, duration of which is 25–37 years. Resistance mechanisms of D. heterophyllum subsp. ovalifolium coenopopulations are shown.
Data on new locations for 12 species based on the original herbarium material from North Kulunda (Bolshoe Topolnoe Lake vicinities within the Novosibirsk oblast) are presented. For the fi rst time Juncus vvedenskyi , Atriplex cana , Ribes aureum and Limonium × erectifl orum have been shown for Novosibirsk oblast vascular fl ora. Available publications in some cases corrected and supplemented are included in the comments. Rare and protected species are accompanied with information on the condition and coenotical positions in the investigated communities. Th e regional protection status of several species ( Ephedra distachya, Ferula caspica, Limonium suff ruticosum ) is needed to be reconsidered.
Data about new findings of 35 rare plant species on the territory of Novosibirskaya oblast are given. Some of these species are included in the Red List of Novosibirskaya oblast.
In the Novosibirsk oblast have been found some species: new for Siberian fl ora xenophytic Cardamine fl exousa With., new and rare for the Novosibirsk region xenophytes Chenopodium fi cifolium Smith, Cardaria draba (L.) Desv., Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schreb., Campanula patula L., xeno-ergaziophytes Galega orientalis Lam., Papaver somniferum L., Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden., Melissa offi cinalis L., and ergaziophytes Fragaria ananassa Duch., Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim., Lathyrus sylvestris L., Acer tataricum L., Euphorbia cyparissias L., Campanula trachelium L., Pyrethrum parthenium (L.) J.G. Sm.
The new record of rare species Fritillaria dagana for Mongolian flora is reported. General area of species and description of phytocoenosis are shown. Proposal to include this species in the third edition of Mongolian Red Book is given.
The abstract of flora of especially protected natural territory of Yakutia – resource reservat “Suntar-Hayata” is provided. Occurrence and distribution of vascular plants on high-rise belts and vegetative communities is specifi ed. Questions of distribution of rare plants, optimization and expansion of a security zone of east part Verkhoyansk Range are discussed.
N.I. Andreyashkina
Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, UB RAS, 620144, Yekaterinburg, 8 Marta str., 202 nell-a@yandex.ru
Keywords: экотон верхней границы древесной растительности, сосудистые растения, структура сообщества, стадии лесообразовательного процесса, Полярный Урал, timberline ecotone, vascular plants, structure of plant community, stages of the process of forest formation, Polar Urals
The composition and structure of a number of plant communities were studied in the timberline ecotone of the Polar Urals. The communities represent different stages of the process of forest formation. Correlations between characteristics of the forest stand and the lower layers as well as between the lower layers were analyzed. With the present density, the forest stand creates favourable conditions for the development of shrubs and maintaining species diversity of dwarf shrubs and herbaceous plants.
The vegetation of the tundras and meadows of middle and lower reaches of the Anabar River represented by 4 classes, 8 associations and 3 subassociations of ecological-fl oristic classification. Seven associations and all subassociation described for the first time. A wide variety and large areas are occupied by the association of class Loiseleurio–Vac cinietea . Communities are part of polygonal tundra-bogs complexes, which are typical for flat watersheds (associations: Carici concoloris–Hylocomietum splendentis ass. nova hoc loco, ass. Pedicularido oederi–Aulacomnietum turgidi ass. nova hoc loco). Communities also occupy gentle slopes of the watershed hills (ass. Alectorio nigricantis–Diapen sietum obovatae ass. nova hoc loco). Less diverse are snow meadows ( Eutremo edwardsii–Sanionietum uncinatae ass. nova hoc loco and Saxifrago tenuis–Salicetum polaris ass. nova hoc loco) and dryas tundras (ass. Rhytidio rugosi–Dry adetum punctatae Matveyeva 1998 и ass. Rhodiolo roseae–Astragaletum alpini ass. nova hoc loco). Described a new alliance Carici concoloris–Aulacomnion turgidi. We put it in the class Loiseleurio–Vaccinietea . Communities of this alliance are stages of formation of the moss tundras from grassy bogs as a result of a cryogenic swelling of soil.
The petrophytic steppes with participation of alpine and arctic-alpine species represent unique element of the steppe belt. The ranges of these species are dominantly related to dry high-mountainous tundra in Siberia and Central Asia but in the Khakasia they occur in steppe communities in dry stony slopes at altitudes of 300–500 m. In the article description of floristic features petrophyte steppe communities, their detailed characteristic and the structure analysis vegetation is resulted.
High mountain, locally endemic plant species potentially vulnerable in the context of global climate change are singled out for the mountain systems of the Altai-Sayan Ecoregion.
Th e influence of growth conditions (meadow, slope, forest) on the morphometric characteristics of Anemone sylvest ris L., as well as physiological, cytological and biochemical parameters of its seed progeny seedlings were studied. It is shown that the high moisture of seeds A. sylvestris induces activation of the prooxidant-antioxidant systems and increase the total content of green pigments in the tissues of seedlings.
Features and results of application of biomorphological approaches for the decision of problems in plants introduction are considered. As examples heterogeneous objects, mainly herbaceous, was chosen: large polymorphic genera complexes of moderate warm and tropical origin ( Salvia and Begonia species), and also economic valuable group of ornamental annuals from Asteraceae family.
Rhythms of seasonal development and introduction peculiarities of species and forms of P. mollis Wulfen ex Hornem. and P. saccharata Mill. were studied. Valuable ornamental forms from Novosibirsk and Tomsk regions were described.
Shown the presence of rosmarinic acid and antioxidant activity in plants Prunella grandifl ora L. and Prunella vul garis L. The content of rosmarinic acid in Prunella grandifl ora is 53.00–41.77 mg/g. Antioxidant activity of Prunella grandifl ora , some using 2.2′-diphenyl-1-pikrilgidrazinala (DPPH) is 0.025–0.035 g/l.
