Home – Home – Jornals – Flora and Vegetation of Asian Russia 2015 number 1

The annotated synopsis of the subtribe Scorzonerinae , including three genus: Podospermum DC. (1 species), Scorzonera L. (14 species and 1 hybrid) and Tragopogon L. (9 species) and the distribution of species in the administrative regions of Asian Russia are given.

A new species Elymus margaritae Agafonov, Kobozeva et B. Salomon ( Triticeae Dum.) from Altai Mountains (Republic Altai) is described. Data on morphology and some molecular and genetic characteristics of the species are provided. On morphological characters it is most closest to E. komarovii (Nevski) Tzvelev. By results of the ISSR analysis the close relation E. margaritae with StY-genomic species E. fedtschenkoi Tzvelev and E. abolinii (Drob.) Tzvelev was revealed. The new species is distributed on the Krasnaya Mountain (Ust-Koksinsky dist.), Katunsky Range and Ukok Plateau. The chromosome number 2 n = 4 x = 28 was specifi ed.

The characteristics of the new syntaxa of forest meadows from subtaiga subzone of West-Siberian Plain (Ob-Irtish watershed): two associations ( Vicio unijugae-Dactyletum glomeratae and Veronico chamaedryos-Dactyletum glomeratae ), two subassociations ( Dracocephalo ruyschiani-Heracleetum sibiricae fi lipenduletosum stepposae and Geranio bifolii-Brachypodietum pinnati paeonietosum anomalae ) and community Heracleum sibiricum were given. All these syntaxa belong to the order Carici macrourae-Crepidetalia sibiricae of the class Molinio- Arrhenatheretea .

Th e classification of vegetation highlands of north-western and south-eastern parts of the Kurai Ridge was performed. The characteristics of the selected syntaxa. Described a new association - forb mesophilic alpine meadows - communities that are spread on the border of Central and South-Eastern Altai.

Сomposition and content of phenolic compounds aboveground organs Pentaphylloides parvifolia growing in the Altai Mountains were studied. It has been established qualitative composition of a complex phenolic P. parvifolia is similar regardless of the plants and habitats. The highest total content of phenolic compounds tend to the plants P. parvifolia with the shortest flight, height and biomass of small plants growing on rocky slopes exposed to anthropogenic load and increasing absolute altitude. There are high values ellagic tannin substances in the total content of phenolic compounds in the above-ground organs P. parvifolia .

A protocol for R. schlippenbachii micropropagation from seeds revealed the high germinating capacity and shallow type of dormancy was developed. Th e effect of cytokinins such as zeatin and thidiazuron (TDZ) on morphogenic potential of R. schlippenbachii seedling was tested. The highest regeneration rate (100 %) was achieved in the presence of 1.0 μM TDZ or 2.5 μM of zeatin in Anderson’s nutrient medium (AM). Th e direct organogenesis occurred both through activation of axillary meristems and differentiation of adventitious buds on explants hypocotyl. The maximum number of shoots per explant was obtained under 1.0 μM TDZ. Th e cultivation of regenerants on hormone-free AM allowed to obtain the elongated shoots and to overcome the anomalies caused by TDZ treatment. The largest percentage of rooting plants was achieved after pulse treatment with 148.0 μM indolyl-3-butyric acid for 4 hours followed by transferring to ex vitro conditions in mixture of peat and sand. Th e results could be included in the program for conservation of this rare polymorphic ornamental species and creation of new varieties on its basis.

Th e native Sorbus aucuparia was the first species of this genus being cultivated at Peter the Great Botanical Garden (Saint-Petersburg, Russia) - uninterruptedly since 1736. There are 104 specimens in modern collection (trees and very seldom shrubs) which belong to 44 taxa. The largest specimens reach 20 m high ( S. aucuparia ) and 55 cm in trunk diameter ( S. intermedia ). The oldest trees ( S. aucuparia , S. hybrida , S. intermedia , S. × latifolia , S. torminalis ) are 75-85 years old. The majority of specimens have been grown from seeds, only few ones being graft ed. Th e most part of species produce fruits and are grown from local seeds. The species from East Asia dominate, followed by species of European origin. The most prominent reserves of further introduction are in flora of China.

Preliminary data on algae of the Tektu River and the waterfall “Shirlak” located on it (the Altai Republic) are given. Algal flora is represented by 63 species (73 specific and intraspecific taxa) from 6 divisions and 29 genera. Ecological and geographical characteristics (geographical distribution, location, salt and pH water reactions and saprobity) are indicated for each species.

Description and distribution of new for Russia species Endocarpon crystallinum J.C. Wei et Jun Yang, known from the deserts of North China and found on the western coast of Baikal Lake in steppe ecotopes on calcareous soil in crevices of limestone rocks and among stones are reported. The species is characterized by a thick epinecral layer, which looks like big whitish pyramidal crystals, maintaining a lamellar, cellular structure, formed by necrotic cortical cells with thick walls; by thick exciple, light in the inner part and brown-black in the outer part; by the absence of true lower cortex, but by the presence of a layer of closely parked spherical medullary cells with brown-black pigmented walls, and by the presence of brown-black rhizohyphal prothallus (weft) and rhizohyphal bundles (not true rhizines). Several rare species, Heppia echinulata Marton et Galun, H. solorinoides (Nyl.) Nyl., Psora in digirkae Timdal et Zurb., Toninia lutosa (Ach.) Timdal, Solorinella asteriscus Anzi and others inhabit together with Endocarpon crystallinum the same ecotopes.

Comparative research of the cell organization of mesophyll in the needles of Pseudotsuga menziesii and 2 Abies species was carried out. Basic spatial shapes of assimilatory cells are distinguished. The system of the mesophyll cell arrangement within leaf space is described. Characteristic features in the structure of needle mesophyll in Pseudotsuga menziesii and 2 Abies species are revealed. It is shown, that at Abies concolor and A. sibirica needles chlorenchyma consists of large cells of the simple form, in mesophyll of leaves Pseudotsuga menziesii oft en enough there are the cells of complex cellular and cellular-spongy form consisting mainly from two, is much rarer - from 3-4 sections.

At the upper (forests near the high altitudinal tundra) and lower (forests near the Kuraisky steppe) limits of Siberian larch ( Larix sibirica Ledeb.) on the Severo-Chuisky Range (the Altai Mointains) the age structure of larch stands was described and the correlations between tree ring width chronologies and month temperature and precipitation sequences were analyzed. The new larch generations appeared during the century and decadal periods of temperature rise.

Features of distribution of model East-Asian species Astragalus membranaceus , Gueldenstaedtia verna , Sсutellaria baicalensis , Sophora fl avescens have been studied. Prediction maps for each species under study have been composed. Modeling with using Maxent approach revealed that the spatial distribution of studied species is infl uenced by the complex of factors connected with mean parameters of temperature. Prediction maps for modeled climate change scenario showed the individual response for each species. Generally, obtained results didn’t reveal the potential decrease of East-Asian species distribution according to moderate climate scenario. Scenario with high increasing of atmospheric CO ₂ concentrations showed the possible decreasing of plant distribution.

Based on original field data alpine vegetation classification and legend of vegetation map were developed. On basis on ultrahigh resolution satellite imagery vegetation map was drawn up. Mapping units are both homo- and heterogeneous. Ratio of forming components were calculated. Five types of vegetation combinations were distinguished. All of them were caused by physical processed. Upper tree line only one subalpine altitudinal vegetation belt are characterized for Tukuringra mountain Range. There are three altitudinal-climatic stripes: sparse birch woodlands, Pinus pumila communities and mountain tundra’s.

For semigumid and semigumid-semiarid highlands of East Sayan we first characterized: one alliance, four associations, two subassociation, two variants relating to the class of ecological-fl oristic classification. At the upper boundary of the forest is dominated by larch woodlands (ass. Carici iljinii - Laricetum sibiricae ass. nova hoc loco). Association presented two variants: Hansenia mongholica and Empetrum nigrum. Variant Hansenia mon gholica distinguished by good drainage conditions of habitats. Flat bottoms mountain hollows subgoltsy altitudinal belt and the upper part of the forest belt of alpine meadows occupied by swamped alpine meadows (асс. Cardamino pratensis - Caricetum stenocarpae ass. nova hoc loco). Yernik tundras (ass. Cladonio stellaris - Betu letum rotundifoliae ass. nov. prov.) are characteristic of subgoltsy altitudinal belt. Lichen tundras (асс. Carici ledebourianae-Cladonietum stellaris ass. nova hoc loco) typical for goltsy and subgoltsy altitudinal belts. Th ey are represented by two subassociations nova hoc loco: typicum and empetretosum nigri . Habitat subassociation typicum wetter. We propose a new alliance Cardamino pratensis - Caricion stenocarpae all. nov. prov., which attributed to the order Violo altaicae - Festucetalia krylovianae and class Juncetea trifi di . Alliance characterizes swampy alpine meadows and meadow-tundras Altai-Sayan mountain region.

The results of yield and nutritional value seasonal changes of the main Artemisia L . forage species in Central Kyzylkum’s pastures have been presented. Four pasture variety involving three Artemisia species - A. diffusa Krasch. ex Polyakov, A. turanica Krasch. and A. juncea Kar. et Kir under different soil conditions has been identifi ed. The maximum yield of Artemisia defined in ephemereta-artemisieta-calligonumeta pasture variety in sandy soils. The texture of stone-gravelly soil is prevents the trends of formation Artemisia’s phytomass. Biochemical composition of Artemisia species is rich in raw protein and its amount decreases from spring to autumn. The indicators exceeding from save load, leading to overgrazing Artemisia pastures has been established.

For the first time synopsis of 230 alien species of the Altai Republic has been completed, 25 of them are invasive ones. Ecological features, distribution by administrative regions, ways of occurrence and degree of naturalization in the Altai Republic are revealed for every species.

Virtual collection of the type specimens of M.G. Popov Herbarium (NSK) is scanned (digitized) using HerbScan system with resolution at 600 dpi. Information about type specimens NSK placed in two international databases: the database of the University of Vienna ”Virtual Herbaria” and in the database on the portal Jstor.

Investigations of some morphological (life form, height) and biological (rhythm of seasonal development, hardiness) peculiarities of rhododendrons in the Arboretum of Mountain-Taiga Station had shown that most of investigated plants found here favourable conditions for growth and development. Most species blow and fruit annually, give germinating seeds. Analysis of introduced species of rhododendrons had shown that climatic conditions of the Arboretum are favourable for many species of the genus.

Technology of propagation in vitro of Syringa vulgaris L. cultivars from the CSBG collection was developed as a result of collaboration researches between CSBG SB RAS and scientists from the research laboratory of tissue culture of Longwood Gardens (Pennsylvania, USA) and Research Institute of Agricultural Production of Finland (MTT Agrifood Research Laukaa, Finland). Technology of extraction of DNA from fresh leaves for analysis PCR for identifi cation of common lilac cultivars was partially improved as a result of collaboration researches with Helsinki University (Finland).

9 species of chrysophytes and diatoms were found in lowland water bodies of Upper Ob drainage basin and endorheic area of Ob-Irtysh interfl uve. They are rare species in West Siberia. 5 species and 2 genera are new records for this region.

The data on the biodiversity of algae from saltish lake Bele (Khakasia Republic). Algal communities composition were considered, short ecology-geographical analysis of the flora was made.

The data on the first occurrence of rare species of fern Matteuccia orientalis , included in the Red Books of Primorskii Krai and Sakhalinkaya Oblast’ on the mainland of Southern Primorye, located in the Russian Far East in the north-eastern border area.

Chromosome numbers for four Spiraea species were determined ( S. betulifolia Pall., S. ussuriensis Pojark., S. media Schmidt, S. fl exuosa Fisch. ex Cambess.), two of them for the first time ( S. betulifolia , S. ussuriensis ). Th e number of nucleoli in interphase nuclei of these species was counted.

Сomposition and content of phenolic compounds in the leaves and flowers of three varieties of Pentaphylloides fruticosa were studied. Each of the variety was found to have its own phenolic profile. Main glycosides of fl avonol types identified were as follows. Quercetin glycosides were characteristic for the varieties of P. fruticosa “Kobold” and “Tangerine”. Th e variety of P. fruticosa “White moon” with white fl owers was characterized by kaempferol glycosides in flowers and rhamnetin glycosides in leaves. Specificity of the varieties was found regarding to the contents of quercitrin, astragalin, quercetin and rhamnetin.

The ontogenesis and structure of an adult individual Kyzylkum endemic Lagochilus gypsaceus Vved. were studied. It was established that the species belonged to caudex dwarf shrubs, whose perennial axes formed a short multiaxial caudex. Renewal buds were at a height of 1-2 cm above the substrate. Studied coenopopulations of L. gypsaceus were at the successive stage. In ephemeroid-sagebrush petrophytic community coenopopulation was young, in forb-vermouth steppe it one was mature, but approaching to senescent stage.

The content of phenolic substances (catechins, flavonols, tannins), saponins, pectin substances, ascorbic acid and carotenoids was determined in leaves and flowers of 8 species of genus Campanula L. introduced in the forest-steppe zone of West Siberia. A high content of major groups of biologically active substances except of catechins was established. Th e signifi cant interspecific and individual variability of metabolites was revealed.

Polymorphism and specificity in StY-genome species Elymus gmelinii (Ledeb.) Tzvelev and E. pendulinus (Nevski) Tzvelev widespread in the Asian part of Russia have been studied on the basis of the combined approach. Possibility of introgression between these species was considered with use morphological and ecological-geographical criteria, and also biochemical (SDS-electrophoresis of endosperm proteins) and molecular (ISSR-PCR) markers. The conclusion has been drawn that species E. pendulinus and E. gmelinii are rather isolated, and introgression signs at joint growth of species was not revealed.

Revision of the herbarium collections and chromosome numbers data for the genus Puccinellia of Russia and allied states (former URSS) was conducted. Voucher specimens from LE, VLA and NSK were revised and the corrections in some early publications were made. Information concerning the chromosome numbers and distribution of the 50 Puccinellia species is presented. Th e fi rst chromosome data are given for P. dolicholepis (V.I. Krecz.) Pavlov (2 n = 28), P. kalininiae Bubnova (2 n = 14), P. kulundensis Serg. (2 n = 28), P. jacutica Bubnova (2 n = 28), P. mon golica (T. Norlindh) Bubnova (2 n = 28), P. schischkinii Tzvelev (2 n = 14), P. interior T.J. Sørensen (2 n = 28). Two North American species are studied for the first time in Russia: P. paupercula (Holm.) Fern. et Weath. (2 n = 42) and P. andersonii Swallen (2 n = 42), from the Primorskii Krai and Kamchatka Peninsula. Chromosome numbers in P. geniculata (V.I. Krecz.) Hultén (2 n = 14), P. gigantea (Grossh.) Grossh. (2 n = 14), P. tenuifl ora (Griseb.) Scribn. et Merr. (2 n = 14), P. distans (Jacq.) Parl. (2 n = 42), P. glauca (Regel) V.I. Krecz. (2 n = 42), P. hauptiana (V.I. Krecz.) Kitag. (2 n = 28) are confirmed by the new material. The taxonomical comments are presented.

Adventive species - Papaver dubium L., Linum austriacum L. new to Siberia and Lotus ucrainicus Klok., Nepeta cataria L., Picris rigida Ledeb. ex Spreng. new to Novosibirsk Oblast and Juncus tenuis Willd. new to Altai Republic have been found. Data on new locations of Eragrostis amurensis Probat., Atriplex oblongifolia Waldst. et Kit., Spergularia rubra (L.) J. et C. Presl, Lepidium ruderale L., Epilobium pseudorubescens A. Skvorts., Euphorbia he lioscopia L., Chaiturus marrubiastrum (L.) Ehrh. ex Reichenb., Mentha suaveolens Ehrh., Petunia × hybrida Vilm. rare in Novosibirsk Oblast, Altai Krai and Altai Republic are presented.

A list of vascular plant species present in the Tuvinian depression but absent in depressions of South Tuva and West Mongolia has been compiled. It is shown that Tannu-Ola mountain range is a boundary for southenly distribution of some steppe species. The range also forms a barrier for moisture carrying air masses. As a result the flora of the Tuvinian depression is enriched by forest and meadow species.

The article describes the features of computer system for description, studying and identifi cation of various biological taxa, based on a morphological characters. It highlights problems of translation of information into an electronic format. Described examples of created databases - “Native and introduced conifers taxa of North-West European part of Russia” and “Dendrophilous insects of Central Russia”, as well as some other domestic and foreign electronic databases.

The qualitative and quantitative aspects of adaptation of the species signs in the family Gentianaceae are examined. The qualitative appraisal realize by ranking of phenes (variations) of one sign: widely meeting phene is signed as expressed by Greek capital letter Α, the alternative least meeting phene is signed as zero by small letter α; accordingly, intermediate variations are signed by combinations of the letters Αand α. As parameter for quantitative appraisal of variation’s adaptation was received the quantity of variation’s meeting in the system Α+ Αα+ α. Th e quantity of meeting is definited as correlation of the species number of individuals marking that sign (all phenes of sign). The increasing of ecological amplitude depending on increase of the quantity of meeting is noted: phenotypes with least of quantity of meeting have narrow ecological amplitude and meet mainly at the meadow and forrest-grassland habitats with sufficient humidifying, while the phenotypes with greatest quantity of meeting have the wide ecological amplitude and meet both at humidifying, and at droughty and cold habitats.

Th e first data about composition of lichen species on the area Shumak nature park are reported. The lichen fl ora comprise of 162 species from 79 genera and 29 families. 7 species are new for Buryatia Republic. Rhizocarpon santes sonii Timdal is new Asia, Porpidia hydrophila (Fr.) Hertel et Schwab. is new for South Siberia.

New species Viola taynensis T. Elisafenko of the genus Viola of Siberia flora was described

Biological peculiarities and phenotypical variability of Chrysanthemum coreanum have been studied in the nature and in culture conditions. There has been high level of phenotypical diversity of the plants by diff erentiate conditions. An uniqueness of genetic resources of C. coreanum as sources of valuable genes has been shown.

A new species Puccinellia tzvelevii Ovczinnikova et Prob. (sect. Puccinellia ) from the south part of Russian Far East (Primorskii Krai) is described. The distinctions from related P. distans (Jacq.) Parl. and P. borealis Swallen are considered. A new species is distributed in the south part of Amurskaya Oblast', Evreyskaya Avtonomnaya Oblast', Khabarovskii Krai, Primorskii Krai, Sakhalin. The chromosome numbers 2 n = 28 and 42 was specifi ed for new species.

Original birch woodlands were described from West Siberian northern forest-tundra. They were classified according to ecologo-fl oristic classifi cation.

The article presents data on the taxomonical structure of flora Basin Tom obtained based on 22 model basins. For the first time contains basic parameters showing the taxonomic structure of each model basin. Research data it possible to estimate the complexity of the systematic structure, the level of autonomy the measure of closeness and similarity of the studied fl oras.

The classification of vegetation of shrub steppe communities in the Selenginskoe Midland performed by using florogenetic approach based on the results of cluster analysis of coenofl oras. The received florocoenotypes of shrub steppe reflects the genetic variety of a territory. Are allocated: florocoenotyp Gemixerophyte (nemoral) shrub of the Dauro-Manchurian fratria ( Armeniaca sibirica formation); florocoenotyp Steppe with subtypes Gemixerophyte shrubby steppes of the Altai-Mongolian fratria (a formation of Cotoneaster melanocarpus , Caragana pygmaea ) and Ural-Siberian fratria (a formation of Spiraea media , Pentaphylloides fruticosa ); Xerophyte shrubby steppes of the Altai-Mongolian fratria (a formation of Spiraea aquilegifolia); florocoenotyp Tall grass communities with a subtype Gemixerophyt shrubby of the Central Asian fratria (Caragana spinosa formation). The article includes a brief characteristics of vegetation formations.

The content and composition of phenolic compounds were investigated by HPLC methods in the overground organs of plants Bistorta elliptica (Willd. ex Spreng.) Kom. The quantitative variability оf fl avonoid content in floral shoots of Bistorta elliptica from two populations Magadan Region were research.