Home – Home – Jornals – Flora and Vegetation of Asian Russia 2015 number 4

The paper attempts to determine common features in the distribution of phenolic compounds by their concentration in the aboveground organs of Pentaphylloides fruticos a from mountain Altai by means of classical statistic. Аverage concentrations and appropriate dispersions of phenolic compounds ( total, by groups and individual components) in plant samples were estimated. A high correlation between the average content of phenolic compounds in different organs of P. fruticosa was shown. These aggregated data can be regarded as regional specifi c characteristics of the individual compounds P. fruticosa phenol complex. This values of the specific content in the samples of P. fruticosa , which characterize the type and can be used for a comparative analysis with other plants and the standardization of plant raw materials.

These are results of microelements influence (Zn, Mn, B, Mo, Cu, "Micrassa") on root-building of steppe cherry green handles, biometric parameters of stem handles (number of 1st class roots, length of 1st class roots). It is known, that molybdenym and copper covering has raised handles living ability up to 6.7-6.9 % and has increased the indicators of their absorbing surface.

The long-term (1986-2015) yielding capacity dynamics of mire cranberry in three mire areas with permanent sampling sites: oligotrophic cotton grass-Sphagnum (No. I), mesotrophic swarf shrub-grass-Sphagnum (No. II) and mesotrophic pine-dwarf shrub-sedge-Sphagnum (No. III) was studied. The amount of berries was calculated at estimation sites, 1 m² in area, in the large-scale fruit maturation period (17.09-19.09) and berry mass was estimated. A diagram for the fruit-bearing capacity of cranberry at each sampling site, depending on the phytocenotic conditions of its habitat and weather in the vegetative season, was constructed. Th e recurrence probability of abundant or good yield was found to be 6-7 % at site I, 60-63 % at site II and 35-37 % at site III. Cranberry fruit productivity tends to decline, which is due to extremely unstable weather conditions not only in the vegetative season but also all year round.

Methodological approaches and results of multi-year comprehensive study of the large tropical genus Begonia cultivated indoors are represented. The application of different experimental methods allowed assessing adaptive potentials of species based on revealed morphological, rhythmological, ecological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Practical implication of the results involves development of the assortment for indoor cultivation (including species with phytoncide properties), agricultural techniques and clonal micropropagation strategies of valuable Begonia genotypes. The proposed scheme may be applied in studying of different tropical and subtropical plants during introduction experiment in greenhouse conditions.

The article considered to the systematic (taxonomic) structure fern’s fl ora (pteridoflora) of Baikalian Siberia in comparison with neighboring regions (the Altai and Krasnoyarsk regions, Amur oblast and Mongolia). Are used the methods of comparative floristic. Mathematically calculated similarity compared pteridofl oras. Revealed regional features of fl orogenesis.

The features of morphology Padus avium Mill. four population groups, localized on the territory of Perm region (380 plants), Novosibirsk region (314 plants), Shebalinsky and Chemalsky regions of the Altai Republic (278 and 298 plants) and 14 characters of the generative and vegetative organs. Determined the level of variability of plants on the studied characteristics.

Data on type specimens for three infraspecific taxa of the genus Dianthus L., described from Eastern Siberia, are given. Taxa are hold in M.G. Popov Herbarium of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS (NSK). Lectotypes, isotypes and paratypes are identified. A new nomenclatural combination D. versicolor subsp. ninelli (Peschkova) Baikov et N. Vlassova, comb. et stat. nov. is proposed.

The key for determination and synopsis of the four species from the section Geranium of the genus Geranium , growing in forest, forest-steppe and subalpine mountain belts of the Urals, Siberia and the Altai Mountain Country are presented. As a result of a comparative study of morphological features diagnostic signs of leaf, calyx and corolla of a flower, the pubescence of the pedicels are shown. A new species - G. igoschinae Troschkina from the territory of the Urals related to G. pseudosibiricum is described.

Two new species of the genus Craniospermum Lehm. ( Boraginaceae Juss.). from Mongolia are described. Th e morphological and ecologo-coenotical peculiarities of the new species C . desertorum Ovczinnikova et A. Korolyuk from the sect. Leucolachnos Ovczinnikova and its distinctions from C. canescens DC., and new species C . pseudotuvinicum Ovczinnikova et A. Korolyuk from the sect. Diploloma (Schrenk) Popov and its distinctions from C. tuvinicum Ovczinnikova are considered. The new localities of C. mongolicum I.M. Johnst. and C. echioides (Schrenk) Bunge are indicated and the description of plant communities with their participation is given.

The article contains information about the type materials for 19 taxa of the family Asteraceae , 5 taxa of the family Euphorbiaceae and 3 taxa of the family Scrophulariaceae kept in M.G. Popov Herbarium of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS (NSK). The type category is indicated, text of the original label and text of protologue are cited for each specimen. 108 type specimens were found in collections, including 18 holotypes, 15 isotypes and 71 paratypes, 4 authentic specimens.

The results of study the lichens tundrae were generalized within the boundaries of the mountain systems of the Northern Asia. Their species composition and fundamental regulations of spatialis distribution were revealed. Arcto-alpine species of the widespread are making basis of the coenoflorae cum lichens, tum plantae vasculares. 11 typi lichens synusiae determinativus structura and variantia of the associations was revealed. Schema refl ecting, structuralis and typologicus diversity of lichens tundrae are compiled. Short description of the fundamental associations was led.

The results of study of phenological rhythms, reproductive biology and winter hardiness of Alstroemeria cultivars indoors and outdoors in the forest-steppe zone of West Siberia are presented. The optimum cover material for winter protection has been chosen. Fertility and viability of the pollen grains were studied. The medium containing 28 % of sucrose and 0.001 % of boric acid turned out to be optimal for germination of alstroemeria pollen of the cultivar Regina . The recommendations for use of alstroemeria in landscape design in the forest-steppe zone of West Siberia are given.

Radiosensibility of seeds of 21 plant species belonging to 10 families and growing in Central Yakutia was studied. Among them, 18 species were examined for the first time. The taxonomical differentiation by families in respect to resistance of seeds to gamma irradiation was shown. The variability in radiosensibility was stated to be dependant on temperature-humidity conditions during vegatation and seed ripening.

In the article the data on 20 species of gasteromycetes of the Altai-Sayan mountain-region is presented, out of them 17 species are new for the region, 11 species have been registered in the Sibеria for the first time, 2 species is new for Russia. New locations of the gasteromycetes species that are considered rare for Russia and Siberia have also been registered.

Materials on portion of Scots pine trees with different color of seeds in the some regions on South Siberia and Mongolia are adduced. It is marked, that interest for color seed vaces at the last years in connection with the fact that phens of the color layers of this species are exposed. Combination of different phens is characteristic feature of separate individual marked her genotype. Peculiarities of the progenies of color seeds races Scots pine are analyzed. A conclusion is drawn on prevalence in the populations of the individuals with dark seeds and best growth of progenies these individuals as well. The absence of trees with light seeds and correspondingly the lowering of intrapopulation diversity on color of seeds are characterized by the populations growing in the more hard conditions. Quantitative indices of seeds (weight of seeds, germination energy, technical germination ability) of progenies trees with different color of seeds aren’t differed considerable. The progenies of trees with light seeds are less viable and eliminated in the different stages of growth and development. The survival of the progenies trees with different color of seeds at the age of (22, 42, 49 years) was practical equally. In the Asiatic part of the area Scots pine (Siberia, Mongolia) the individuals with dark seeds prevail and south regions and north regions.

The article contains information about the type materials of 9 taxa of the genus Papaver L. ( Papaveraceae ) kept in M.G. Popov Herbarium of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS (NSK). In collections 46 type specimens were found, including the 1 lectotypus and 1 isolectotypus, 3 holotypes, 2 isotypes, and 39 paratypes. Typical specimens of two taxons saved in the herbarium LE and NS are cited. The type category is indicated, text of the original label and text of protologue are cited for each specimen. Subspecies name of P. pulvinatum subsp. lenaense Tolm. ex O.D. Nikif. and variety name of P. jacuticum var. atrofuscum Peshkova ex O.D. Nikif. were validated.

The original material of J. Mäyer by Geranium pseudosibiricum was found in the Herbarium of Botanica Museum Nationale Pragae (PR). The lectotype of Geranium pseudosibiricum is designated, original labels and protologue are cited.

Plant communities with Fornicium unifl orum (L.) Zuev have been analyzed. Studied species characterized by wide ecological range and grew in meadow and typical steppes, light-coniferous forest. High constancy is observed in meadow steppes with dominating of Filifolium sibiricum , Carex pediformis and Stipa baicalensis. DCA-ordination revealed differences between main types of plant communities with F. unifl orum , described fl oristic diff erence of Western and Eastern Transbaikalia phytocoenoses. Eco-topological models showed that plant communities on fl at slopes characterized by high species richness and vegetation projective cover. Studied coenopopulations has unsufficient and bimodal age spectra. High number of species individuals after steppe fires can be connected with decrease of species competition that lead to active occupation of territory by F. unifl orum .

The annotated synopsis of the subtribe Cichoriinae including one genus: Cichorium L. (1 species) and the distribution of species in the administrative regions of Asian Russia are given.

The comparative analysis of realized ecological niches of populations of Hordeum jubatum L. ( Poaceae ), native species in the North of the Russian Far East and Alaska (USA), widely distributed as adventive and in many areas as invasive plant species in moderate zone of the North America and Eurasia, demonstrated the signifi cant restriction of ecological niches in the secondary distribution area, in comparison with primary one. Th e diff erence between realized ecological niches in the primary geographic distribution and the secondary one we consider to be a measure of the species ecological and coenotic capacity, and, being applicapable to invasive species, it would be the measure of invasive capacity of the species. It can be measured by grades of ecological scales or percent of their maximal meaning and it can be used for monitoring and forecasting purposes. The invasive capacity of Hordeum jubatum permits to enlarge its geographic distribution firstly in continental part of the Russian Far East and further in the cost.

Characteristic features of zonal coniferous forests of West Siberian southern taiga are described based on published and original data. These communities are considered as hemiboreal forests in range of separate order Carici macrourae - Abietetalia sibiricae Lashchinskiy et Korolyuk ex hoc loco. Th ere specific features are shown in comparison with mountain analogies from Southern Urals and Altai.

Flavonoid composition of the leaves of Spiraea media var. media Schmidt (7 populations) and S. media var. sericea (Turcz.) Regel (2 populations) were studied. Contents of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin in hydrolysates were determined, and quercetin, kaempferol, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, rutin, avicularin, astragalin, isorhamnetin 3-rutinoside in extracts were done. Largest number of flavonoid compounds was found in extracts of S. media var. media from natural population in the Olyokminsky district in the Yakutia (33 compounds), its smallest number was found in the extracts of S. media var. sericea from the Olginsky district in the Primorsky Krai (18 compounds). Populations of S. media var. media differ in the predominant constituents. In its permanent constituents 12 fl avonol glycosides were revealed, including hyperoside, astragalin and isorhamnetin 3-rutinoside. Specifi c constituents for S. media var. sericea were not found, in its permanent constituents 14 flavonol glycosides were revealed, including hyperoside, isoquercitrin and avicularin. The absence of isorhamnetin glycosides in the leaves of S. media var. sericea from the Olginsky district in the Primorsky Krai is indicated the possible membership of similar populations of separate species S. sericea .

Research on antiviral activity concerning a virus of flu of the subtypes A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) (person) and A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1) (birds) at 70 species of plants 47 genera of 14 botanical families from natural flora of Southwest Siberia is conducted. Species possessing by activity of different degree concerning each of fl u virus subtypes are revealed. High antiviral activity was found in extracts of 16 species which can be recommended for more profound studying as basic at creation of antiviral phytopreparations concerning a virus of fl u of the person and birds, besides it is necessary to consider the taxonomical provision, extraction type, a phase of development and part or organ of plant.

Results of long-term introduction of 13 genus of rare beautiful-flowering of shrubs in Botanical Garden of Ufa city are presented. The detailed morphological characteristic of each taxon is given, data on seasonal cycle of development are presented. Recommendations about reproduction of presented species and sorts and agrotechnology of their cultivation under the conditions of Bashkir Cis-Urals are off ered.

The data about algae flora of the mineralized Ulugkol Lake (The State Nature Reserve “Khakassky”). Taxonomic list of seaweed is presented by 109 taxons from specific and intraspecific rank, belonging to 55 genus, 36 families, 9 classes and 5 departments. With respect to species diversity, two division Bacillariophyta - 67 taxons and Cyanoprocaryota - 25 taxons, are distinguished. The greatest number of species has been noted in benthos. Dominants of the plankton and benthos associations are mainly applies to the halophilous and mesogalobous organisms.

As result of the generalization of the whole lichenologic information on Republic Altai, predominantly peculiar, the extent of species diversity its lichen biota currently comprising 1711 species from 310 genera and 94 families has been determined for the first time. The participation of the lichens at the desert steppes, true low cespitose and tall cespitose steppe plant communities of the mountain-steppe belt has been appreciated.

Seven Pinus sibirica living form (single-stemmed, few-stemmed and multi-stemmed straight-stemmed trunk trees, supra nival skirted, shrub-like form, elfin tree, and living windfallen tree) as well as one relatively autonomous morphological structure (elfin wood form in the tree butt of the straight-stemmed trunk mother tree) are identified and described at forest-tundra mountain ecotone in the Aktru mountain glacial basin (Severo-Chuisky Range, the Altai Mountains). Ways of their formation are considered. The main reason of the formation of the living forms excluding the one-stemmed straight-stemmed trunk trees with symmetric crown is death of tree fragments because of weather factors or geomorphological events. During XX century the climatic conditions at the forest-tundra mountain ecotone in the basin were favourable for growth of the living forms of P. sibirica straight-stemmed trunk trees .

The variability structure of 18 morphological floral characters of Potentilla bifurca in 28 coenopopulations of Altai-Sayan Mountain region has been studied. Classification of the characters studied into groups on the basis of relative variability and determinacy has been performed. Distinctions between flower indices individuals of coenopopulations (40.0-92.5 %), coenopopulations in a province (9.5-50.6 %) and coenopopulations in diff erent provinces (2.9-27.1 %) contribute signifi cantly to total variation. Evidence of sexual dimorphism in P. bifurca flowers is independent of conditions of growth.

The results of the investigation of five cоenopopulations of Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. in the south of West Siberia and Mountain Altai are presented. Ontogenesis of the soboliferous short-rhizome life form was studied. The main structural individual unit of an adult individual is a dicyclic mesorosular monocarpic shoot, there are shoots with incomplete development cycle (latent generative shoots). Two types of populations ontogenetic spectra were revealed: unimodal spectrum in strongly sward coenosises and left-hand spectrum at moderate grazing pressure. The most powerfull plants grow in the fl oodplain coenosises.

The annotated synopsis of the subtribe Hyoseridinae Less. including one genus: Sonchus L. (5 species) and the distribution of species in the administrative regions of Asian Russia are given.

The article contains information about the type materials for 36 taxa of the family Poaceae kept in M.G. Popov Herbarium of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS (NSK). The type category is indicated, text of the original label and text of protologue are cited for each specimen. 104 type specimens were found in collections, including the 8 lectotypes, the 7 isolectotypes, 15 holotypes, 24 isotypes, the 1 syntype and 49 paratypes, the 7 authentic specimens was found. Lectotypes for name of 8 taxons were designated: Festuca chionobia T.V. Egorova et Sipliv., Hierochloë glabra Trin. subsp. chakassica Peschkova, Poa altaica Trin. f. subtilis Malyschev, P. barguzinensis Popov, P. botryoides (Trin. ex Griseb.) Roshev. var. glaucissima Popov, P. botryoides var. pendula Popov (NSK) and lectotypes for Elymus pallidissimus (Popov) Peschkova, Festuca popovii E.B. Alexeev (LE). The description of new species Bromopsis malyschevii N. Vlassova is suggested instead of two invalid taxons.

We studied microsporangium wall structure in Trollius ledebourii Reischenb. The mature microsporangium has a 3 layer wall. Differentiation of its layers occurs centripetally, its correlation with periods of sporogenous tissue development was established. We first detected intermediate type of cells developing between meiocytes and tapetum during abnormal microsporogenesis. Dependence of pollen grains development abnormalities on tapetum and endothecium structure changes was revealed.

The results of anatomic investigation and overground organs of Arisaema amurensis Maxim. are represented. Th ese results may be used as the perspective for the introduction as the exotic and decorative culture. It is very interesting that tuberbulbs of these plants were covered with the significant coating tissue as the periderm of Dicotyledon plants.

Data about findings the new localities of the 7 rare and relict species ( Stipa desertorum , Helictotrichon altaicum , Allium nutans , Cotoneaster mongolicus , Stenosolenium saxatile , Rhamnus erythroxylon , Physochlaina physaloides ), of them 2 new species ( Allium nutans L., Stipa desertorums (Roshev.) Ikonn.) for flora of the Selenga Mountain in Western Transbaikalia of the Republic Buryatia.

On the territory of Taimyr southern tundra subzone (ST) 545 species of vascular plants are noted. Th e composition and structure of flora of the Western (W) and East (E) sectors of subzone are distinctly different, they are regarded as independent floristic regions. The share of arctic and east-asian species is greater in E flora, boreal and euroasian greater in W. The groups of characteristic species, marking northern and southern ST boundaries are detected.

The article presents the results of a study macromycetes on the territory of the Baikalo-Lenskiy Nature Reserve (Irkutsk region). In various communities and belts of the reserve 147 species of macromycetes have been found; out of them 132 species are new for the reserve, 45 species have been registered in the Irkutsk region for the fi rst time.

New species Viola taynensis T. Elisafenko was described with breach of International code of nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (ICN). The lectotype of V. taynensis is designated.

The fruits and seeds of Hedysarum zundukii collected in two locations of its growth: at cape Zunduk and cape Khuzhir of West coast of Lake Baikal in 2007-2009 were studied. It was established that only 19-39 % of collected bean segments contained mature seeds depending on the year of collection and the place of its growing. Other segments were empty or contained damaged and immature seeds. It was supposed that beans and seed damage was caused by insects. Mature seeds needed scarification for germination, and germination was near to 55 %. It was shown for the first time that seed damage and delay of their maturation may be a significant limiting factor for the preservation of Hedysarum zundukii depending on the place of its growing.

The article covers results of research on characteristics of ontogenesis and ontogenetic structure of Kudrjaschevia allotricha of conditions of Ridge Yazgulemskiy and Western Pamirs. It was determined that individuals development sympodial long shoots model and morphogenesis of Kudrjaschevia allotricha individuals can follow some paths of development: primary shoot →sympodial axis →primary bush and primary shoot →sympodial axis → primary bush →clone. The coenopopulation studied is stable and normal. Ontogenetic spectrum is left side of conditions in the Ridge Yazgulemskiy and of conditions in the Western Pamirs - it is centered .