E.V. Artyushkov1, O.E. Smirnov2, P.A. Chekhovich1,3
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:228:"1Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2FSBI “VNIIOkeangeologiya”, St. Petersburg, Russia 3Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: Ultradeep basins, gravity anomalies, isostatic equilibrium, CDP seismic reflection survey, crustal stretching, eclogitization, Moho, Amerasian Basin, Podvodnikov Basin
The western part of the wide Amerasian Basin in the Arctic Ocean includes two small basins: the Podvodnikov and the Makarov ones. Analysis of the data on the sedimentary-cover structure and the crustal-subsidence history suggests that despite the large depth of water (3-4 km), both basins are underlain by continental crust. Before the rapid formation of deep-water basins in the early Miocene, the crustal surface was close to the sea level for a long time. Lithospheric stretching made only a minor input to the crustal subsidence. The main cause of the subsidence was prograde metamorphism in the lower continental crust with the transformation of gabbroids into denser eclogite-type rocks. The P -wave velocities in eclogites and mantle peridotites are rather similar. Therefore, when interpreting the seismic data, high-velocity eclogites are commonly considered as the uppermost part of the mantle located below the Moho, while the overlying rocks are shown as attenuated continental crust in the Podvodnikov Basin and as oceanic crust in the Makarov Basin. The proposed mechanism makes it possible to modify the model of crustal structure and to interpret high-velocity eclogites as the lower part of the continental crust that has undergone prograde metamorphism under the impact of mantle fluids.
The depth to magnetic sources in twenty Arctic tectonic provinces is determined from azimuthally averaged Fourier power spectra of geomagnetic anomalies according to the EMAG2v3 and WDMAM 2.0 global models. The resulting depths to the centroid and bottom of the magnetic lithosphere are more reliable than the depth to the upper magnetic boundary. The depth to the bottom of magnetic sources, corresponding to the Curie point depth, varies from 25.3 to 38.1 km in different provinces. The Curie point depth estimates are correlated with several parameters of the lithosphere. They are directly proportional to the lithospheric thickness and inversely proportional to average upper mantle temperatures, but the relationship with the intensity of long-wavelength satellite magnetic anomalies and crustal thickness is poor. The magnetic sources are located at crustal depths in most of the provinces, but the upper mantle may be magnetic beneath deep-water oceanic basins and the Laptev Sea. The results for the Laptev Sea shelf support a passive mechanism of current lithospheric extension in the area.
This paper presents a revision for the genus Nganasanella Rosova, 1963, first described in the stratotype of the Kulyumbean Regional Stage of the Kulyumbe River section (northwest of the Siberian platform). This section is typical for the upper Cambrian sediments of the Kotuy-Igarka facies region, formed in a shallow marine shelf. As shown by the study, the genus comprises seven species. The species N. nganasanensis Rosova, 1963 (type species), N. tavgaensis Rosova, 1963, N. glabella (Kobayashi), 1943, N. granulosa Rosova et Makarova, 2009, and N. vernacula Rosova et Makarova, 2009 are found in the Siberian Platform. The species N. australica sp. nov. occurs in northeastern Australia. The species N. trisulcatus (Ergaliev), 1980 is widespread in southern Kazakhstan. Some species ( N. granulosa and N. vernacula ) are found in open marine facies sediments along with the cosmopolitan agnostid species Glyptagnostus reticulatus (Angelin), 1851, serving as a marker of the lower boundary of upper Cambrian strata in the International Chronostratigraphic Chart and the General Stratigraphic Chart of Russia. The species N. trisulcatus and N. australica are found slightly above Glyptagnostus reticulatus . Representatives of the genus Nganasanella are a link between strata of different facies containing different trilobite associations. Their stratigraphic position can serve as an argument for the correlation of the Kulyumbean Regional Stage with units containing Glyptagnostus reticulatus , i.e., the Omnian and Idamean regional stages, the lower parts of the Kutugunian Horizon and the Sakian Regional Stage, and the Paibian Stage of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart.
E.B. Pestchevitskaya
Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Dinocysts, spores and pollen, Kimmeridgian-Hauterivian, biostratigraphy, correlation, paleoenvironments, European Russia
Eight dinocyst-based and three spore- and pollen-based biostratigraphic units are defined in the Kimmeridgian, Volgian, and Hauterivian of the Gorodishchi section, based on a biostratigraphic analysis of the successions of marine and terrestrial palynomorphs. Algological assemblages are described in more detail, and additional criteria for the definition of dinocyst zones established by previous researches are given. A more detailed biostratigraphic subdivision of the middle part of the Volgian is proposed. A local dinocyst zone in the Hauterivian and a biostratigraphic succession of spore-pollen units in the entire section are described for the first time. The research results demonstrate that the boundaries of many palynostratigraphic units exhibit a considerable correlation potential. Based on a biofacies analysis of the microphytoplankton, the dynamics of transgressive-regressive events is studied in relation to the accompanying oxygen and trophic conditions. Possible relationships between marine paleoenvironments and climatic changes reconstructed on the basis of spore-pollen data are discussed.
V.A. Kochnev
Institute of Computational Modeling, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Keywords: Seismogravimetric method, upper section, density-velocity relation, static corrections, time and depth sections
The paper presents a new seismogravimetric method for estimating static corrections used in processing of seismic data and in construction of time and depth sections. The method efficiency is demonstrated by comparison of the results of industrial and new experimental processing of data for the western slope of the Nepa-Botuobiya anteclise.
Y. Xu, H. Yang, G. Peng, X. Deng, Q. Miao, Y. Ma, J. Liu 1School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China 2Institute of China Petroleum Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla, China 3School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
Keywords: thick igneous rocks, geostatistical inversion, lithology distribution, velocity modeling
In the northern Tarim Basin, a large number of thick igneous rocks are encountered in the drilling process in the Permian. Their lithology and velocity are very strongly, which has a great influence on migration imaging of the “beaded” areas. It is very important to conduct the fine lithology identification and high-precision velocity modeling of the igneous rocks for the exploration and development of the reservoirs. A geostatistical inversion method to obtain the igneous-rock lithologic distribution pattern and velocity modeling in the FY area of the northern Tarim Basin is introduced in this paper. The results show that the application of the geostatistical inversion method greatly improves the resolution of lithology identification. This helps us further understand the Permian igneous rocks distribution in the FY area. Comparison between the seismic facies classification maps of the FY study area shows that the obtained velocity model can reflect the lateral distribution of igneous rocks well. At the same time, the velocity model can reflect the variation of igneous rocks velocity in detail and has a high precision. The average velocity error of the wells participating in the inversion is less than 2%, and the minimum average velocity error is 0.23%. Finally, the velocity model is applied to seismic data processing, and the processing results indicate that it can help to improve seismic migration imaging. The study demonstrates that the geostatistical inversion method can provide a high-precision velocity model for formation pressure prediction and seismic data processing and interpretation, ultimately guiding the exploration and development of oil.
Q. Liu, H. Xu, Z. Lei, Z. Li, Y. Xiong, S. Li, B. Luo, D. Chen 1Department of Geoscience, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China 2Institution of Petroleum Exploration and Development of SW Tarim Basin, Tarim Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Korla, China 3Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory on Radioactive Geoscience and Big Data Technology, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China 4Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Nuclear Geoscience Data Science and System, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China 5Research Institution of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Zhongyuan Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Puyang, China
Keywords: Allogenic and far source accumulation, fault mesh petroleum plays, multiple accumulation and adjustment, Tabei Uplift, Tarim Basin, NW China
The hydrocarbon formation mechanism and potential targets in clastic strata from the Tabei Uplift, Tarim Basin, are documented using the fault mesh petroleum plays theory, based on integrating seismic, well log, well core and geochemistry data. The reservoirs in the Donghetang area are typical allochthonous and far source fault mesh petroleum plays. There are two sets of fault meshes in the study area: (1) the Donghe sandstone and combination of Permian and Triassic strata and (2) combination of the JIV and JIII formations in the Jurassic strata. The fault mesh petroleum play in the Jurassic is a secondary reservoir that originates from the Carboniferous Donghe sandstone reservoir adjustment based on source correlation. The fault mesh carrier systems are divided into four styles according to the fault mesh architecture: (1) fully connected, (2) fault-unconformity-transient storage relay, (3) fault-transient storage-unconformity relay, and (4) transient storage-fault relay. According to the characteristics of the fault mesh petroleum plays, the reservoirs are of 15 types and form three categories: upper transient storage, inner transient storage, and margin-transient storage. Integrated analysis of the hydrocarbon generation and faulting time periods reveals that there were four periods of hydrocarbon charging, with the first three stages charging the reservoirs with oil and the last stage charging the reservoirs with gas. There are multiple stages of reservoir accumulation and adjustment in the fault mesh in the study area. These multiple stages of fault mesh accumulation and adjustment are the main reason that the multiple vertical units of the reservoirs have different hydrocarbon properties. Fault-block reservoirs and lithologic reservoirs related to the inner transient storage and upper transient storage styles are the main exploration targets in the clastic strata in the study area.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:138:"L.N. Sinitsa1, N.M. Emel’yanov1, A.A. Lugovskoi1, A.P. Shcherbakov1, V.V. Annenkov2";} 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science Tomsk, Russia 2Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the RAS Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: nanopores, water vapor, absorption spectrum, regression analysis
A technique for determining the diameter of nanosized pores has been developed. It consists in filling a substance with liquid water, recording the absorption spectra of the substance with water, compiling a database of spectroscopic data characterizing the substance with different pore sizes, and retriving the pore diameter of an arbitrary substance using an algorithm based on the regression analysis. The technique has been tested on silica samples of different porosity.
V.P. Kochanov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science
Keywords: line broadening constants, interaction potential, scattering amplitudes
A simple version of the theory of line broadening is developed, which makes it possible to numerically and analytically calculate the parameters of collisional line broadening, shifting and narrowing of spectral lines based on the potentials of intermolecular interactions of the Lennard-Jones type. Namely, expressions are derived for the real and imaginary parts of the input and output frequencies of the collision integral, as well as for the line width. The main simplifications are in the model of non-degenerate states and one perturbing level. The eikonal approximation made it possible to express the constants under consideration in terms of the scattering S -matrices based on more general expressions in terms of the scattering amplitudes. The dependences of the considered parameters on the speed of active molecules and gas temperature are determined.
V.K. Oshlakov, G.G. Matvienko, P.A. Babushkin
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: femtosecond pulse, dispersion, refractive index, nonlinear focus, water vapor
A model of the dependence of the refractive index of a two-component medium of laser pulse propagation is suggested using the example of a mixture of dry air and water vapor. The model parameters are related to the physical characteristics of the laser pulse and propagation medium. The air refractive index and the related femtosecond laser pulse parameters (dispersion length, nonlinear coefficients, critical power, and nonlinear focus) are calculated for typical values of the volume fraction of water vapor in the atmosphere.
Yu.E. Geints1, E.K. Panina1, O.V. Minin2, I.V. Minin2 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia 2Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Fresnel zone plates, light focusing, focal spot
The results of the numerical simulations of binary phase Fresnel zone plates (FZP) of mesowavelength sizes and large aperture angles (NA ~ 1) are presented. The simulation allowed us to reveal the main regularities of the formation of the spatial optical near-field structure, as well as to optimize FZP design for obtaining the most intense focus. We show the dimensional parameters of FZP focal region to be sensitive both to the depth of phase zones etching and to the type of structural design of the plate. An increase in the number of Fresnel zones leads to the formation of external local focus with a greater intensity.
S.M. Sakerin1, D.M. Kabanov1, D.A. Kalashnikova2, I.A. Kruglinsky1, V.I. Makarov3, A.N. Novigatinsky4, V.V. Polkin1, S.A. Popova3, A.O. Pochufarov1, G.V. Simonova2, Yu.S. Turchinovich1, V.P. Shevchenko4 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia 2Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia 3V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 4P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: atmosphere over the ocean, aerosol, black carbon, elemental and organic carbon, elemental and isotopic composition
We discuss the physicochemical characteristics of aerosol over seas of the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean measured in the 80th and two preceding (the 67th and 71st) cruises of RV “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh”. Most aerosol characteristics (concentrations of aerosol, black carbon, elemental and organic carbon, elemental composition) are shown to be larger in the atmosphere of the Baltic and North Seas as compared to the Norwegian and Barents Seas. The isotopic composition of carbon in aerosol samples was in the range of light values, indicating the predominance of carbon formed during combustion of oil products and natural gas.
O.E. Bazhenov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: total ozone content, ozone concentration, ozone anomaly, Aura satellite
In winter-spring 2019-2020 there was the strongest ozone anomaly in the Arctic in the total history of the ozone observations. It was due to extraordinarily strong and long-lived polar vortex entailing unprecedented chemical ozone destruction. Analysis of Aura OMI/MLS data showed that the total ozone content steadily decreased until having been 230 DU on March 18 at Alert site, 222 DU on March 18 at Eureka, 229 DU on March 20 at Thule, and 226 DU on March 18 at Resolute. The minimal temperature was 9-10% below norm from December to April in the stratosphere over Tomsk and the Arctic. Ozone concentration had been 4% of the long-term mean at altitude of 20 km on March 27 for Eureka and 6% at altitude of 19 km on April 16 for Ny-Ålesund (i.e., about a factor of 30 below). This event is within the context of climate changes leading to cooling of the stratosphere. As far as the level of ozone depleting substances in the stratosphere of the Arctic is above acceptable values, there will be a danger that these events will reoccur in the future. Fortunately, the 2020 vortex was exclusively isolated, which appreciably mitigated its effect on midlatitudes.
V.F. Raputa, A.A. Lezhenin
Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: satellite images, smoke plume, buoyancy flux, atmosphere, equations of hydrothermodynamics, height of impurity rise
A numerical model has been developed for retrieving characteristics of the active phase of the rise of a smoke plume based on observation data. The basic conditions in the estimation model are the solution of the equations of hydrothermodynamics of the atmosphere. Using satellite information, the temperature variation and the rate of rise of the smoke plume from the high-rise pipe of the Gusinoozyorskaya GRES were numerically retrieved. The efficiency of the approach proposed in winter time, which is characterized by large volumes of emissions of smoke mixtures and high contrast of the shadows of the plumes on the earth's surface, is shown.
V.V. Kalchikhin, A.A. Kobzev, A.A. Tikhomirov, D.E. Filatov
Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: optical precipitation gauge, calibration, drop size, snowstorm parameter gauge
The dependence of the optical precipitation gauge calibration results on the dimensions of the reference objects is analyzed. The ways to optimize the calibration procedure are suggested, including: reducing the number of calibration zones; use of calibration factors instead of correction parameters; additional calibration with balls with a diameter of 1 mm; use of the coefficients depending on the measured diameter for particles smaller than 2 mm. The conclusion is made about the effectiveness of the calibration procedure suggested for the optoelectronic devices designed to measure the size of small particles, for example, a snowstorm parameter gauge.
V.P. Vasiliev1, I.V. Znamenskii1, A.A. Tikhomirov2
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:251:"1Research-and-Production Corporation «Precision Systems and Instruments», Moscow, Russia 2Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia";}
Keywords: laser rangefinder, batch signal, simulation, probabilities of false alarm and correct signal detection
Processing of batch signals of a laser rangefinder intended for measuring the spacecraft orbit altitude using the pulsed method in the altitude range 180-370 km is simulated for a photodetector operating in the charge-integration mode with allowance for the background solar radiation power. In this case, the rangefinder emits a batch of five 10-ns pulses with a lag between pulses of 250 ms. Digital processing of the received echo signals is based on the method of synchronous post-detector summation of the amplitudes of all pulses in the batch. To simulate the procedure of signal processing, a 180-367.5 km pulse strobe was used. The simulation program which generates normal Gaussian noise with the mean value and the variance depending on the mean background radiation power is described together with the program interface. The probabilities of false alarm and correct signal detection are determined with allowance for the threshold number of photoelectrons for different numbers of signal photoelectrons in a single pulse of the batch. The errors of measuring the altitude range are investigated for the entire strobe.
M.V. Volkov1,2, V.A. Bogachev1, F.A. Starikov1,2, R.A. Shnyagin1 1Russian Federal Nuclear Center - All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics, Sarov, Russia 2Sarov Physical-Technical Institute of the National Research Nuclear University
Keywords: adaptive optical system, Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, phase correction of laser beam, atmospheric turbulence
The effect of limited operating speed of the adaptive optics system with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (WFS) on the correction efficiency of dynamical laser beam phase distortions caused by the atmospheric turbulence is numerically studied. Estimation of frequency bandwidth of essential turbulent distortions with the help of WFS has been proposed, which is convenient from a practical point of view.
V.V. Sychev1, A.I. Klem2, K.I. Korotkova3, O.I. Komarova4 1N.E. Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia 2JSC "Aviation Holding Company "Sukhoi", Moscow, Russia 3OKB Gidropress JSC State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom, Podolsk, Russia 4JSC "TSNIRTI Im. akademika A.I. Berga", Moscow, Russia
Keywords: Large Azimuth Telescope (BTA-6), test of asphere, interferometer, computer generated hologram, pseudo-inversion method, measurement error
The necessity and possible ways of monitoring the deformations of the primary mirror directly on the BTA telescope during its operation are discussed. The analysis of the most acceptable methods and control schemes is carried out. A scheme is proposed that implements the pseudo-reversal method, which simply and originally solves the control problem based on the experience of AST-1200 telescope with a composite primary mirror. The possible magnitude of the measurement errors of the system proposed for controlling the deformations of the primary mirror is estimated.
P.A. Konyaev
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: optical-electronic systems, atmospheric turbulence, digital image processing, parallel computational algorithms
Algorithms for real time two-dimensional digital image processing when observing on atmospheric paths are considered. A procedure for measuring the turbulence parameter directly during of observation is suggested. It can be applied both with the use of a reference object (a radial mire), and without it. An efficient high-speed correlation tracking algorithm with reference frame normalization was applied to correct the image jitter caused by the atmosphere. Blurred image restoration algorithms based on the inverse filterization of angular spatial frequencies are implemented with the use of parallel computing procedures from the Intel® MKL and IPP libraries. The results of computer simulation of digital images blur and its correction are presented, as well as examples of processing experimental video frames on real atmospheric paths.
M. I. Gladyshev1,2
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:226:"1Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences”, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 2Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: petroleum pollution, plankton, benthos, ichthyofauna, water quality, Arctic lakes
History of large oil (petroleum) spills in freshwaters is delineated, processes of physical-chemical and biological degradation of oil are regarded. Toxicity of oil for hydrobionts and effects of oil pollution on communities of plankton, benthos and ichthyofauna, as well as problems of removal of ecological consequences of oil spills are discussed. State of ecosystem of Lake Pyasino before the catastrophic spill of 2020, namely hydrochemical indicators, species composition, abundance and biomass of plankton, benthos and fish are described. Possible ways of recovery of ecosystem of Lake Pyasino are suggested, including a biomanipulation “bottom-up”.
D. M. Bezmaternykh1, A. V. Puzanov1, A. V. Kotovshchikov1, A. V. Drobotov2, A. P. Tolomeev2,3
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:323:"1Institute for Water and Environmental Problems of SB RAS, Barnaul, Russia 2Institute of Biophysics of the Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 3Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: hydrochemistry, water quality, River Pyasino, Lake Pyasino, Norilsk, diesel fuel
The results of the hydrochemical analysis of consequences of the accidental fuel release in the Norilsk-Pyasino water system are presented. Pollution of watercourses in the catchment of lake Pyasino (сreek nameless/Nadezhdinsky, R. Daldykan, R. Ambarnaya) by oil products, phenols, easily oxidizable and hard to oxidize organic matter (COD, PO and BOD 5), suspended solids, inorganic salts and heavy metals with excess in MPS (including for fishery) as well as a temperature rise in waters of nameless сreek nearby Norilsk Heat & Power Plant 3 were revealed. Contamination of the surface water decreases downstream in ascending order: nameless сreek - Daldykan River - Ambarnaya River. The occurrence of petrochemical products, phenols and organic substances in the surface waters in two months after that spill is obviously due to their diffusion from the river bottom sediments, which accumulated a considerable amount of heavy fractions of diesel fuel after the accident. Increased concentrations of Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co and Ni in waters of investigated tributaries of Lake Pyasino are not directly related to the accident; it results from the general technogeneous pollution of the territory and the increased geochemical background for the elements considered. Water contamination by oil products and phenols in the studied sections of Lake Pyasino (its central and northern parts) and R. Pyasino was not detected. However, concentrations of Pb exceeded MAP and Cd was present in the water, probably, due to accumulated pollutants in previous years.
O. P. Taran1,2, A. M. Skripnikov1,2, V. A. Ionin1, K. L. Kaigorodov1, S. K. Krivonogov3,4, N. N. Dobretsov3, V. N. Dobretsov3, E. V. Lazareva3, N. N. Kruk3
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:352:"1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology of SB RAS, FRC “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of SB RAS”, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 2Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 3Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 4Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia";}
Keywords: bottom sediments, bottom sediment columns, petroleum products, hydrocarbons, diesel fuel, fluorimetry, gas chromatography
In this work, analysis of bottom sediments (BS) samples and columns was conducted for the total content of petroleum products (hydrocarbons) of the Norilo-Pyasinsk group water reservoir, which were contaminated as a result of JSC NTEK CHPP-3 reservoir diesel spill nearby Norilsk. Processing two analysis methods used: fluorometric and gas chromatographic, meanwhile in addition the n-alkanes distributions of obtained BS extracts with gas chromatography were studied, the contribution of the total hydrocarbon content in diesel fuel so as hydrocarbons of slightly mature organic matter in contemporary sediments. Determination hydrocarbon composition of BS diesel fuel and chloroform extracts was processed. As a result, the levels of BS pollution by hydrocarbons for Pyasino Lake appeared insignificant with their background content comparison, and the maximum pollution revealed for the Ambarnaya River BS.
O. V. Kolmakova1,2, M. Yu. Trusova1,2, O. A. Baturina3, M. R. Kabilov3
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:408:"1Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 2Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 3SB RAS Genomics Core Facility, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: bacterioplankton, sediments, next-generation sequencing, oil spill, Lake Pyasino, 16S rRNA
For the first time, the bacterial composition of water and sediments in Lake Pyasino and adjacent rivers was studied by next-generation sequencing. On the river sections exposed to diesel spillage in May 2020, no hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were found. The Daldykan and Ambarnaya rivers, located downstream of the spill site, were dominated by bacteria that oxidize sulfur and heavy metals. At the same time, these bacteria were not found in Lake Pyasino which was dominated by small cyanobacteria. Thus, the composition of bacteria in the water and sediments of the Norilsk-Pyasino lake-river system corresponds to the technogenic impact to which it is exposed, and also demonstrates the buffer properties of Lake Pyasino on the way of water flow into the Kara Sea.
E. S. Kravchuk1, A. V. Kotovshchikov2, E. A. Ivanova1,3 1Institute of Biophysics of SB RAS, Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 2Institute for Water and Environmental Problems of SB RAS, Barnaul, Russia 3Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Keywords: petroleum pollution, freshwater ecosystems, phytoplankton, phytoperiphyton, photosynthetic pigments, Lake Pyasino, Ambarnaya river
The assessment of species composition, abundance, biomass, and pigment characteristics of phytoperiphyton and phytoplankton of Lake Pyasino, its tributaries (Bezymyannyi stream, the Daldykan, Ambarnaya, and Norilskaya rivers), and the head of the Pyasina river was carried out after man-made accident - diesel fuel spill in vicinity of the city of Norilsk in May 2020. Significant decline of biomass and changes in species composition of phytoperiphyton after water contamination by fuel was revealed near the spillage site only (in the Daldykan river and in the Ambarnaya river downstream the Daldykan mouth). Downstream, in the Ambarnaya mouth zone, as a response to the release of a large amount of nutrients during the decomposition of oil products and dead organisms, as well as mechanical cleaning of the bank line, in the water column there was a massive growth of diatom and green algae ( Tabularia tabulata , Spirogyra sp.) and indicators of organic pollution (Euglenophyceae and Cryptophyceae) appeared. Significant changes in the plankton of Lake Pyasino and river Pyasina in comparison with the data obtained in the second half of the XX century (i. e., long before the accident) were not found. Species composition and quantitative features as well as amount and ratio of pigments characterized phytoplankton and phytoperiphyton of Lake Pyasino and the Pyasina river as normally functioning freshwater community of oligotrophic waters. All this indicates the absence of a negative impact of the accidental oil spillage on the ecosystem of Lake Pyasino and the Pyasina river.
O. P. Dubovskaya1,2, O. E. YOLGINA1, I. I. MOROZOVA2
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:226:"1Institute of Biophysics of Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences”, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 2Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: zooplankton, Lake Pyasino, species composition, abundance, biomass, production, fish productivity, oil spills, water quality
The large Norilsk expedition of the SB RAS at the beginning of August, 2 months after the spill of 20 thousand tons of diesel fuel into the Bezymyanny stream, which took it out to the Daldykan and Ambarnaya rivers, took samples of net zooplankton at 13 stations, located in both sections of these rivers and Lake Pyasino with the outflow of the Pyasina River. Comparative analysis of the species composition, abundance, biomass and saprobity index of zooplankton at these stations has been carried out. The productions of rotifer and crustacean zooplankton and potential production of planktivorous fish in Lake Pyasino have been calculated. Based on the state of zooplankton, a gradual improvement in water quality has been observed from river areas exposed to the oil products to the northern part of the lake and the River Pyasina outflow. The low abundance and biomass of zooplankton in the lake (43800 ± 17550 ind./m3, 112.8 ± 26.2 mg/m3, on average) due to the dominance of rotifers ( Ploesoma truncatum (Levander), Bipalpus hudsoni (Imhof), Conochilus unicornis Rousselet) resulted in low values of zooplankton production and potential production of planktivorous fish (0.85 kg/ha per season).
S. P. Shulepina1, O. P. Dubovskaya1,2, L. A. Glushchenko1
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:226:"1Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 2Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: zoobenthos, species composition, abundance, biomass, production, fish productivity, oil spills, water quality
The species composition and quantitative characteristics of the zoobenthos of Lake Pyasino and rivers flowing into it after the diesel spill have been analyzed. The production of zoobenthos and potential production of benthivorous fish in Lake Pyasino have been calculated. A small number of zoobenthos species, low values of abundance and biomass were revealed. In the Bezymyanny stream, the mouth of the Daldykan and Ambarnaya rivers, oligochaetes Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparede and Tubifex tubifex (O. F. Muller) dominated in zoobenthos abundance and biomass. In Lake Pyasino and the Pyasina River outflow, larvae of caddis flies, chironomids, stoneflies, and amphipods prevailed. In the area of deep-water silted station of Lake Pyasino, oligochaetes L. hoffmeisteri developed, the proportion of which in the benthofauna at this station (40 and 79 % of the total biomass and abundance respectively) was maximal. Amphipod Monoporeia affinis (Lindstrцm) dominated in biomass at this station. A decrease in chironomid diversity, an increase in the proportion of polysaprobic oligochaetes, and lower values of the Shannon index in Lake Pyasino in 2020 compared to 1992 were noted. The low abundance (2181 ± 2048 ind./m2) and biomass (2.01 ± 1.85 g/m2) of zoobenthos in the lake resulted in low values of zoobenthos production and potential production of benthivores fish (3 kg/ha per season). Based on the state of zoobenthos, improvement of water quality has been observed from river sections exposed to the oil spill to the lake and the outflow of the River Pyasina.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:89:"A.V. Voronetskii1, K.Yu. Aref’ev1,2,3, M.A. Abramov1,2,3";} 1Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia 2Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Moscow, Russia 3Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
Keywords: mathematical simulation, condensed phase, power plant, afterburner, gasification products, fuel injection
A method is developed for secondary data processing of the results of simulation of two-phase flow in an afterburner with a complex geometry. This method offers a prediction for mixing process efficiency (quality estimate) and combustion efficiency in an afterburner of a power plant. The opportunities of this method were demonstrated at the example of simulation of mixing the two-phase fuel with air in the afterburner of a model power plant with gas generation outlay. The paper presents a mathematical model for studied processes and the simulation results. The fuel was the gasification products (GP) of a high-energy composition (a mixture of gaseous and condensed phases). An algorithm was applied for processing the mathematical simulation results: the output is the evaluation of mixing between GP condensed phase and air flow. The parametric study offers the dependencies for size distributions of GP particles in the afterburner cross sections. The limiting values for GP combustion efficiency in the afterburner were evaluated from analysis of GP flow (gas and condensed phases) mixing with air flow. Simulation gives the data on the influence of injection configuration and GP condensed phase dispersion profile on the mixing efficiency in the afterburner. The results of study can be useful in recommendations for gaining on the cycle efficiency in novel propulsion plants.
A simple mathematical model of the dynamics of a non-stationary liquid jet (NSLJ) is presented to describe the injection of diesel fuel in a diesel engine, supplied under pressure to the combustion chamber. The proposed model describes the dynamics of the NSLJ as a motion of the center of mass of a material point of variable mass based on the laws of Newton's mechanics. In this case, the mass of the material point is made up of the mass of liquid fuel and air involved in the motion, taking into account the uneven distribution of fuel and air along the length of the NSLJ. Numerical modeling using new experimental data shows a satisfactory agreement between the theoretical and experimental results on the dynamics of the NSLJ development. The model allows optimizing the dynamics of NSLJ and mixing processes for specific sizes of the diesel combustion chamber on the basis of numerical modeling.
N.A. Pribaturin1,2, P.D. Lobanov3, V.V. Randin3, O.N. Kashinsky3, M.A. Vorobyev3, S.M. Volkov3 1Nuclear Safety Institute of RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS 3Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: experiment, fuel assembly, fuel element, friction
The original experimental data on axial distributions of the shear stress on the surface of a rod - a fuel element simulator - during fluid flow through a model of fuel assembly (FA) are presented depending on the rod diameter (9, 10, 15 mm), relative distance between the rods (1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.45), and number of rods (7 and 37) for the laminar, transient, and turbulent liquid flows in fuel assemblies.
A developed mathematical model offers a study of methane-carbon dioxide replacement in gas hydrate through injection of liquid carbon dioxide into a porous stratum with final sizes. Depending on the parameters of injected carbon dioxide flow and depending on the stratum boundary conditions, the process of formation of the gas hydrate comprising carbon dioxide can occur through methane replacement in the gas hydrate or through the formation of zones with free methane and water. The critical diagrams are presented that map the conditions for both regimes.
E.M. Bochkareva, V.V. Lukashov, N.B. Miskiv
Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: sublimation, heat and mass transfer, organometallic compounds
The paper presents experimental data on convective heat and mass transfer during sublimation of a single spherical particle of a mixture of organometallic compounds Zr(dpm)4 /Y(dpm)3 in a high-temperature flow of an inert gas (He, Ar). The influence of the carrier gas velocity and composition on the characteristics of the mass transfer processes is considered. Data on dynamics of changes in the size and temperature of a sample during sublimation are obtained.
V.Ya. Rudyak1,2, D.S. Tretiakov3 1Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University 3Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: dynamic light scattering, diffusion, nanofluid, single-walled carbon nanotubes
The study is aimed at investigating the diffusion of single-walled nanotubes in liquids with the weight concentration of nanotubes varied from 0.00001 to 0.01%. Water solutions of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfate and polyvinylpyrrolidone, which are usually used as surfactants, are applied here as a carrier liquid. Their concentration is either equal to the concentration of nanotubes or twice greater. Depending on the concentration, the diffusion coefficient of nanotubes is found to change from 1.02×10-11 QUOTE to 0.7×10-12 QUOTE m2/s. Based on the data on the diffusion coefficient, the effective hydrodynamic size of nanotubes and their length are retrieved. The efficiency of nanotube separation by means of centrifugation and the changes in their characteristics during long-term storage are discussed.
I.D. Zverkov1,2, A.V. Kryukov1,2 1Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State Technical University
Keywords: low Reynolds numbers, flow around a wing with a wavy surface, boundary layer, separation bubble, laminar-turbulent transition, oil-film visualization, waviness criterion
In the present paper, a method for choosing the parameters of a wing-surface waviness intended for use on small aircraft is introduced. We propose choosing the waviness geometry based on the parameters of the boundary layer for the given regime of the flow around the classical wing installed at zero angle of attack, a = 0°. We propose to check the result of the choice of the waviness parameters by the change of the flow structure in the boundary layer of the wing. For the properly chosen waviness, the continuous separation zone characteristic of the classical wing should transform into local separation zones. To substantiate and verify the proposed method, we investigate the flow around two wing models, one model being a wavy wing with a rigid surface and the other, a wavy wing with a varioform surface characterized by variable hump height. The study was carried out at wing-chord-based Reynolds numbers Re ranging from 0.35×105 to 1.4×105 at a = 0°. Using oil-film visualization, a transition of local separation zones into a continuous separation zone on the rigid-surface wing model with a decrease of Reynolds number implemented by decreasing the flow velocity was revealed. By measuring the velocity profile in the boundary layer on the varioform wing, the transformation of the continuous separation zone into local separation zones yet at a constant velocity with a change in waviness height has been also demonstrated. It is experimentally shown that the formation of local separation zones is observed provided that the waviness height f is one order of magnitude greater than the displacement thickness s 1 in the boundary-layer pre-separation region, and the waviness coefficient K w is greater than unity. A distinct formation of local separation zones is revealed by oil-film visualization at K w = 2.8.
Y. Ghezali1, R. Haoui1, A. Chpoun2 1University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria 2University of Evry Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
Keywords: hypersonic, nonequilibrium, shock wave, rotation, vibration, oxygen flow
The effect of rotational nonequilibrium on the macroscopic parameters of the flow behind a normal shock wave in oxygen gas flow has been examined. The electron thermal equilibrium was taken into account where the electron temperature was equal to the vibrational temperature according to Park’s assumption. Therefore, only the effect of rotational nonequilibrium on the translational and vibrational temperature was analyzed. Rotational and vibrational relaxation time for the O2-O2 and O2-O collisions proposed recently by Andrienko and Boyd are used. Also, the O2 dissociation rates proposed by Kim and Park are used. The results obtained with the three-temperature model well reproduce the data obtained in shock tube for the shock velocity of 4.44 km/s.
The experiments are performed on R21 freon at a reduced pressure of 0.04 under conditions of natural convection. The propagation velocity of a self-sustaining evaporation front over a heat transfer surface is measured in the presence of a substantial temperature gradient along the heat transfer surface. The stabilization of the front propagation velocity is shown in accordance with the isotherm propagation velocity. The experiments show that when the evaporation front propagates over a heat-transfer surface with a significant temperature gradient, the stabilization of the front velocity occurs on a scale of the order of the capillary constant.
On November 5, 2020, Vasiliy M. Fomin, the Full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and noted researcher, working on mathematical simulation of the problems of continuum mechanics and mechanical engineering, became 80 years of age.
T. M. Vidyuk1,2, M. A. Korchagin1,3, D. V. Dudina1,3,4, B. B. Bokhonov1 1Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 3Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia 4Lavrent'ev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, electrospark sintering, reaction sintering, ceramic materials, composite materials, microstructure, morphology, grain growth, grain boundaries, heating rate, mechanical properties
The review is devoted to the possibilities of combining self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and electrospark sintering (EIS) for obtaining monophase ceramic materials and composite materials with ceramic and metal matrices. The materials covered in this review contain compounds formed in the SHS mode: carbides, borides, metal silicides, and intermetallides. Factors in the structure formation of materials obtained by sintering of SHS products and the influence of EIS conditions on the characteristics of the materials (relative density, grain size) are analyzed. Advantages of combining SHS and EIS methods, including the possibility of additional processing of the SHS product (grinding, adding components) to modify the composition of the material and its properties, are discussed.
O. S. Vankova, N. N. Fedorova
Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: supersonic combustor, mixing of air with hydrogen
Results of a numerical study of mixing, ignition, and combustion of a cold hydrogen jet propagating along the lower wall of a channel parallel to a supersonic (M = 2) flow of an inert gas mixture/wet hot air are reported. The computations are performed with the use of the ANSYS CFD Fluent commercial software by means of solving unsteady Favre-averaged Navier-Stokes equations supplemented with the k -w SST turbulence model and several kinetic schemes of hydrogen combustion. Two brutto schemes and three detailed kinetic schemes including 16, 38, and 37 direct and reverse reactions are considered. The goal of the study is to choose a computation method and kinetic mechanism that ensure good agreement with experimental data on supersonic combustion of a cocurrent hydrogen jet. In the case of a non-reacting flow, it is demonstrated that the computational algorithm can accurately predict the parameters of mixing of the hydrogen jet and external flow. In the case of a reacting flow, the flow characteristics are significantly affected by large vortex structures developing at the boundary of the combustion layer with the external flow. If the flow unsteadiness is taken into account and a detailed kinetic scheme with 37 reactions is used, good agreement of the mean characteristics of the flow with experimental data on the distributions of pressure, temperature, Mach number, and species concentrations at the combustor exit is provided.
E. G. Kolomyts
Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Togliatty, Russian Federation
Keywords: forests, regulation of carbon cycle, climate change, predictive empirical-statistical models
On the example of the Volga basin, based on the materials of large-scale landscape surveys, predictive empirical-statistical modeling of the carbon balance of boreal and nemoral forest biomes was carried out. One of the types of predictive ecological models is presented - within the framework of experimental landscape ecology. Methods for calculating and mapping the volumes of absorption/emission of greenhouse gases by forests under predicted climate changes are discussed. Based on global climate models, predictive estimates of the components of the carbon balance of forest ecosystems as integral formations and their influence on the carbon exchange of the earth’s surface with the atmosphere are given. For two climatic forecast scenarios: moderate and extreme, quantitative indicators of adsorption and emission of СО2 in various local and zonal-regional conditions of the East European subcontinent are given. It has been established that boreal forest ecosystems predominantly carry out cumulative regulation of the carbon cycle, which mitigates warming, while nemoral forests regulate emission regulation. The general softening effect of the forest cover of the Volga basin on climatic changes with the strengthening of the hydrothermal signal was revealed. It is shown that the process of thermal arid transformation of forest ecosystems leads to a general decrease in carbon accumulation in most groups of forest formations. The maps of the carbon content and the projected carbon balance of the main forest formations of the Volga basin for
I. V. Pakhorukov, O. Z. Eremchenko
Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russian Federation
Keywords: potash production, salt dumps, mineralized waters, river valley, secondary salinization, soil transformation and systematics
In Perm Krai, production of potash salts is accompanied by storage of salt waste on the surface. From salt dumps and slime storages, an underground flow of mineralized water was formed, due to which a saline soil formation process develops in the valleys of small rivers in the Kama river basin. Secondary saline alluvial soils were examined in the Chernaya river valley on the territory of the Berezniki potash production mine management. The morphostructural profile of soils shows signs of frequent changes in redox conditions. The Fe (III) ↔ Fe (II) transitions characteristic of hydromorphic soils were accompanied by the formation of a black color in the gelled horizons, which is probably caused by the synthesis of dark-colored minerals, including magnetite and hydrotroilite. Alluvial saline soils are characterized by strong salinity, chloride and sulfate-chloride, sodium and calcium-sodium chemistry. They show the neutralization of acidity, the appearance of carbonates, gypsum formation, and the entry of sodium and potassium ions into the soil absorbing complex. An assessment of the scale of secondary halogenesis development showed that distinct signs of saline soil formation were observed on an area of 17.3 ha, which is about 16 % of the river valley area. The rest of the alluvial soils may also contain easily soluble salts in varying amounts due to the mineralization of soil and ground water. The studied secondary saline soils were diagnosed to the genus and species relative to the modern classification of soils in Russia (2004), as well as in accordance with the world correlation database of soil resources (WRB). In general, the salinity levels, the reaction of the soil environment, and the composition of exchange bases in the alluvial soils of the Chernaya river correspond to the characteristics of previously studied secondary saline soils in the valleys of other small rivers of the Kama region. This correspondence allows us to state that the technogenic transformation of soils under the influence of mineralized water from the dump-sludge economy in the production of potash salts develops according to the same laws.
