Home – Home – Jornals – Journal of Mining Sciences 2021 number 3

A dike of rock similar in composition to carbonatites has been found in the Aikhal diamondiferous pipe of the Alakit-Markha field of the Yakutian kimberlite province (YaKP). The fine-grained rock of essentially carbonate composition (dolomite and calcite) rich in thin-platy phlogopite contains minerals typical of carbonatites: monazite, baddeleyite, and pyrochlore. In the high content and distribution of incompatible elements the rock differs significantly from kimberlites and is transitional from kimberlites to carbonatites. The content of incompatible elements in this rock is 3-5 times lower than that in carbonatite breccias of the pipes in the Staraya Rechka kimberlite field of the YaKP (Nomokhtookh site). The compositions of accessory trace-element minerals from the Aikhal dike rock and the Nomokhtookh carbonatite breccias are compared. An assumption is made that the high contents of incompatible elements in the carbonatite-like rock, which caused the crystallization of accessory minerals, are due to the differentiation of kimberlite melt/fluid. The high Sr isotope ratios indicate that the rock altered during hydrothermal and metasomatic processes. The obtained data on the composition of the carbonatite-like rock cannot serve as an argument for the genetic relationship between the Aikhal kimberlites and typical carbonatites. The genetic relationship between kimberlites and carbonatites in the northern fields of the YaKP remains an open issue.

Based on new geochronological data on gabbroid and plagiogranitoid associations (Tavan Hayrhan, East Bayan Tsagaan, Bayan Tsagaan Uul, Tungalag, Three Hills, and Shutkhuin massifs) located among the Vendian island-arc volcanic complexes of the Lake Zone of Western Mongolia, an independent stage of Vendian island-arc intrusive magmatism (560-542 Ma) is substantiated. Geochronological ages determined for xenogenic zircon from Vendian gabbroids and granitoids (716-559 Ma) indicate a wide time interval of their formation and different natures of the sources. Several types of such sources are assumed. The source of the first type is rocks of the late Riphean oceanic crust of the Paleoasian Ocean, on which the Vendian island arc of the Lake Zone formed later. This is evidenced by the presence of xenogenic zircon with ages of ~716, 658-642, and 613-611 Ma. The source of the second (probably main) type is rocks of the Vendian island arc crust of the Lake Zone. This is indicated by the presence of xenogenic zircon with ages of 583-559 Ma, observed in all studied Vendian intrusive associations.

We have studied the structure and composition of a volcanic unit in the valley of the Despen River, on the southern slope of the East Tannu-Ola Ridge. The unit was earlier assigned to the Lower Devonian Kendei Formation. The new geological and geochronological data show that it resulted from explosive volcanism at 460-450 Ma. The Despen volcanic rocks formed in association with granitoids of the Argolik complex at the end of the accretion-collision stage of evolution of the Altai-Sayan region, in particular, the Tannu-Ola terrane. These are predominantly felsic ferroan metaluminous and weakly peraluminous nappe volcanic rocks resulted from the differentiation of tholeiitic basalts. Their REE patterns, like those of the Argolik granitoids, are flat in the HREE region, show a distinct Eu anomaly, and suggest magma generation at shallow depths in the upper crust. The magmatic source was of subduction origin, as evidenced by the negative Ta-Nb anomalies in the multielement patterns and by εNd(T) = 3.1-5.6, and has a Neoproterozoic model age, TNd(DM-2st) = 0.69-0.94 Ga.

The Akhunovo-Petropavlovsk area of the Late Paleozoic granite magmatism is located in the northeast of the Magnitogorsk megazone (MMZ) in the South Urals. It is a series of successively intruded rocks (Petropavlovsk, Akhunovo, Karagai, and Uiskii Bor intrusions) differing not only in composition, the depth of formation, and ore content but also in the relationship with magmatic and fluid sources and in magma generation mechanisms. This area differs significantly in the number and composition of intrusive complexes from the igneous rocks and ore associations in the central and western parts of the MMZ. The granite magmatism pulses alternated with the collisional shearing/spreading and rifting stages. The Petropavlovsk mesoabyssal granite intrusion (347.0 ± 8.6 Ma) formed at the early stage of the area evolution. Its rocks are similar in composition to a suprasubductional series (melting products of a mantle source enrichednot only in water fluid but also in Cl). Later (310-306 Ma), at the collision-compression stage, crustal intrusion of the Akhunovo-Karagai granodiorite-granite complex took place. The intruded rocks are similar to the Middle Urals continental-margin gabbro-tonalite-granodiorite-granite plutons (320-290 Ma) bearing large gold-sulfide-quartz deposits (Berezovskoe etc.). At the final stage of the area evolution, during the transition from continental-margin regime to hard collision between the East European and Kazakhstan continents (late Carboniferous) and the intense shearing/spreading deformations, the Uiskii Bor granosyenite-granite intrusion (304.0 ± 4.8 Ma) rich in K and HFSE formed. Granite intrusions of this type have been revealed in the MMZ for the first time. Thus, the granitoid complexes of the Akhunovo-Petropavlovsk area formed under changes in geodynamic settings and are characterized by different compositions, depths of occurrence, and genesis. This permits us to consider the area a typical continental-margin center of the long-term mantle-crust interaction, where magma generation proceeded at different mantle and crust levels, with the participation of both suprasubductional and enriched plume-related rift sources.

The research team studied the petrology, whole-rock geochemistry, zircon U-Pb age, and stable isotopic characteristics of the Rongguo Longba and Garongcuo granites of the Nuocang area to understand better the impact of Neo-Tethys ocean subduction and India-Eurasia continental collision on Paleocene tectonomagmatic processes along the southern margin of the Gangdese Belt. The Rongguo Longba granite and Garongcuo granite porphyry formed at 61.86 and 62.17 Ma, respectively. The Nuocang granitoids are characterized by (1) high SiO₂, NaO₂, and Al₂O₃ contents and low FeO_tot, MgO, and TiO₂ contents; (2) LREE and LILE enrichment and HREE and HFSE (Nb, P, and Ti) depletion; and (3) obvious negative Eu anomalies. These features indicate that the Nuocang granites are of the high-K calc-alkaline and peraluminous granite types. Furthermore, their zircon Hf isotope characteristics suggest that the magma source region has an ancient crystalline basement. The basaltic andesitic crystal tuff is the product of garnet-peridotite partial melting and crust contamination from rising magma emplacement.

The Sichuan Basin is a typical intracraton superimposed basin. It is rich in oil and gas resources in the different sets of sedimentary sequences. It underwent multistage tectonic evolution, which resulted in different types of prototype basins. However, there are still many different opinions on the types and superimposed patterns of the Sichuan Basin in different geologic periods, which largely affect the understanding of the mechanism of effective oil and gas accumulation and preservation. This paper aims to re-recognize several prototype types of the Sichuan Basin by discussing the prototype basins and their superimposed models to deepen the significance of superimposed basin evolution for hydrocarbon accumulation. The regional geological and drilling data are used for a detailed interpretation of seismic reflection profiles across Lushan-Chishui. Then, five regional unconformities are identified with the equilibrium profiles technique, which is used to flatten the formation interface in different geologic periods. Based on the unconformities, the southern Sichuan Basin is divided into six tectonic layers, each of which is regarded as a prototype basin: a pre-Sinian crystalline basement (AnZ), a marine rift cratonic basin (Z-S), a marine intracratonic sag basin (P₂l-T₂l), a marine-continental downfaulted basin (T₃x¹-T₃x³), a continental depressed basin (T₃x⁴-J), and a foreland basin (K-Q). The different prototype basins are vertically superimposed to form a “layered block” geologic structure of the multicycle basins. Affected by the late-stage tectonic transformation, the geologic structure of vertical stratification underwent a strong transformation, which had a profound impact on oil and gas accumulation with the characteristics of early accumulation and late adjustment.

We present the results of study of the influence of trap magmatism on the geochemical composition of brines and on the geothermal regime of the Earth’s interior in the western areas of the Kureika syneclise. The Siberian trap province, which unites all cutting and layered tholeiite-basic magmatic intrusions and erupted basaltic lava, is the world’s largest Phanerozoic continental basalt province. Brines, hydrocarbon deposits, and organic matter of the sedimentary cover were subjected to a significant thermal impact as a result of the Permo-Triassic trap magmatism. During the trap intrusion, the maximum paleotemperatures in major Silurian (D’yavol), Ordovician (Baikit), and Cambrian (Deltula-Tanachi, Abakun, and Moktakon) productive horizons reached 650 ºC. The Paleozoic and Proterozoic deposits of the study area contain brines with TDS = 50-470 g/dm3. By chemical composition, they are of Na, Na-Ca, Ca-Na, Ca-Mg, and Ca chloride types (according to the classification by S.A. Shchukarev), with mixed Ca-Na and Na-Ca chloride brines dominating. The studied brines can be divided into three groups according to the degree of metamorphism: low (S1), medium (S2), and high (S3). The first group includes mainly sodium chloride brines with TDS = 50-370 g/dm3 (rNa/rCl = 0.60-0.95; S ≤ 100). The second (dominating) group comprises Na-Ca, Ca-Na, Ca, and Ca-Mg chloride brines with TDS = 150-470 g/dm3 (rNa/rCl = 0.10-0.87; 100 ≤ S ≤ 300). The third group is Ca-Na and Ca chloride brines with TDS = 223-381 g/dm3 (rNa/rCl = 0.12-0.45; S ≥ 300). We have first established changes in the hydrogeochemical field (major- and trace-component and gas compositions) with distance from the contacts of intruded dolerite sills and dikes. Hydrocarbons (CH₄, C₂H₆, C₃H₈, i-C₄H₁₀, n-C₄H₁₀, i-C₅H₁₂, n-C₅H₁₂, and C₆H₁₄) and water-soluble components I, B, and NH4 were most actively subjected to destruction. For example, at a distance of 100 m from the intrusion zone, the water-dissolved gases are dominated by CO₂ (>90 vol.%), and CH4 amounts to 5 vol.%, whereas at a distance of 250 m, the concentration of CO₂ decreases to 30 vol.%, and that of CH4 increases to 60-70 vol.%. In addition to the negative effect on the hydrocarbon preservation in the contact zone (≤400 m), the intrusive trap magmatism favored the formation of hydrocarbons in remote horizons. The reaction of intruding traps with brines of the sedimentary cover led to the saturation of the latter with iron, aluminum, and silica, which suggests extraction of metals in the form of salts from magmatic melts into an ore-bearing fluid.

As a basic component of natural and cultural heritage, landscape belongs to interdisciplinary categories that fall within the research field of ethnography, ethnology, cultural ecology, humanitarian geography, environmental anthropology and other disciplines. Actualizing landscape problems is currently due to the fast transformation of modern cultural landscapes caused by global changes in the world economy related to the accelerated development of agriculture and forestry, industrial and mining production. The study objective is a historiographic review and comparison of domestic and foreign literature devoted to the problems of landscape studies, with special attention to the issues of historical dynamics and structure of rural cultural landscapes in Siberian regional studies. The earliest views about the cultural landscape in Russian anthropogeography were characterized by the influence of the ideas of geographic determinism. On the contrary, English-language research was initially focused on studying the cultural landscape material components. These differences, to a certain extent, continue to persist up to the present time. The specificity of the modern rethinking of the concept is associated with its symbolization. The landscape components endowed with historical senses and symbolic meanings serve as an expression of cultural memory and local identity of the population. Positive identity promotes the manifestation of ecological forms of behavior and increases the opportunities for sustainable development. In general, the idea of the landscape as a kind of «physical capacity filled with natural resources that must be extracted and used optimally» is being replaced by a new paradigm, according to which an integral part of the process of mastering and transforming the environment is to endow it with spiritual and symbolic properties.

The authors consider the chances of service “foreigners” who found themselves in Siberian exile after the end of the Time of Troubles. The article concentrates on the characteristics of the Siberian reality perception by this sociocultural community. The authors prove that the social adaptation and integration of the Polish nobleman P. Khmelevsky, the French nobleman S. Franzuzhenin, “Litvin” A. Bernadsky into the new habitat was a complex and distressing process. The reason was that this group differed from the general population in such parameters as the cultural code, religious beliefs and attitudes towards tsar’ administration. These persons were symbolic figures of this ambiguous, but really existing process. “Westerners” P. Khmelevsky and S. Frantsuzhenin neglected the political Siberian order, norms and rules of social behavior. This often led to conflict situations with the provincial authorities and the Orthodox priests. As a result, representatives of this group lost the new privileged status of a service man that they had acquired and correspondingly secure social position. Khmelevsky arrived at Tobolsk as an exiled “foreigner” and made a lot of efforts for his integration into the Russian society hierarchical system, achieving the considerable success. Thanks to his literacy, business qualities, military and managerial skills, he and other foreigners were soon awarded the highest category of service men, boyar sons. On the contrary, Bernadsky’s case demonstrated that there was a different type of behavior among this group. Bernadsky filed more than one petition in the name of the tsar, surrounded by non-peaceful peoples. He complained about his difficult situation and asked for the sovereign favor. In contrast to the aforementioned “foreigners” Khlynovsky and Frantsuzhenin, A. Bernadsky followed the principles operating in the Siberian community, and became “our own” as opposed to the “alien”. He did not change his confessional affiliation and attitude towards the voevodship, but as well adopted a tolerant attitude towards aboriginal ethnic groups. Such people assimilated the social order in Siberia. They followed the government guidelines and were loyal to the authorities. Such social habitat facilitated the successful identification and joining the Russian social-hierarchical system.

The territory of the Vilyui District, previously covering the Lena-Tunguska River interfluve, was one of the major areas of Tungus traditional settling. A compact residence area of the Evenks in this region was the Tyung River basin, a place of nomadism of the Ugulyat Evenk family, where the modern territory of the Yugyulat (transcription in Russian by V. F.) nasleg of the Vilyui Ulus (District) is located. The Evenks of this local group underwent a process of yakutization in the Soviet years, due to the state support of ethno-cultural assimilation and related to the total dominance of Yakut population in the Vilyui District. Belonging of the population of the studied nasleg to the Evenk ethnic group since the early XX century is reflected in its name - Yugyulyat. However, the yakutized Tungus population of Yugyulat Nasleg was recorded in the Soviet period censuses as Yakuts, becouse they pointed Yakutian as native language since the XIX century. Accordingly, due to the predominance of the Yakut population, this municipality was not included in the Lists of places and areas of collective residence adopted in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. For the first time, the article analyzes in detail the demographic, economic and ethno-cultural development of the Evenk Ugulyat family, whose representatives currently live in the territory of Yugyulat Nasleg of the Vilyui Ulus based on a wide range of sources. The research allows to conclude that the majority of the inhabitants of the studied nasleg are descendants of the Ugulyat Evenks, and the original inhabitants of this area, who have preserved their ethnic identity, main types of traditional economic activities and certain elements of traditional spiritual culture. Based on conclusions, the author proposes to include the Yugulat Nasleg in the Russian «List of places of traditional residence and traditional economic activity of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation and the List of traditional economic activities of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation».

A wedding ceremony of “extinguishing barn fire” completing the wedding celebration was recorded during the ethnographic expedition of 2018-2019 in Pritomie (Mariinsk, Chebulin and Tyazhin districts). The article objective is to describe this rite that existed in the second half of the XX century and was characterized by great variability. The main research source are stories of villagers about the wedding traditions of the second half of the XX century. The author uses techniques of interviewing, photo, audio and video recording of field materials, as well as a descriptive method. One of the variants of the “extinguishing barn (ovin) fire” ritual (“ovin” could contain hay, straw, etc.) involves a married couple and wedding guests jumping over the fire. Sometimes the ritual included checking the household skills of a newlywed: she was sweeping up litter. In addition, the “ovin” could be set on fire in a cart and carried around the village. The ritual of “extinguishing barn (ovin) fire” was played out in many cases as a comic bath where the newlyweds and wedding guests were “taking a steam bath”. Sometimes, the guests who extinguished the “barn” (ovin) fire smeared soot on their faces from the fire. The process of smearing could turn into mummers’ walking around the village. This ritual was not typical only of Pritomie. It was common for the Middle Povolzhie, Ter’, Rostov Regions, etc. The variants of “extinguishing barn (ovin) fire” ritual described in the publications do not contain any mention of the combined actions recorded such as smearing faces with soot, walking mummers, and a comic bath. The collected ethnographic material does not make it possible to trace belonging of each variant of the “ extinguishing barn (ovin) fire” ritual to a specific ethnocultural group. On the author’s view, the reason for such variability of the ceremony in Pritomie could be the population’s ethnocultural diversity (old-timers of Siberia - chaldons, yasaks, Russian immigrants, Ukrainian and Belarusian immigrants), whose wedding traditions were complementary as a result of mixed marriages.

The article is devoted to identifying and characterizing the complex of Buryat popular views on the fox. The research is based on a variety of sources including written (ethnographic, folklore, linguistic) ones, as well as field materials. The main research tool is the structural-semiotic method, which involves establishing the fox symbolism. The study allows stating that the fox had a feminine origin in the traditional views of Buryats. Besides, this wild animal was endowed with producing symbols. It was associated with the fire element. The fox was associated with various celestial phenomena, and carried solar symbols. However, the fox image is dominated by the chthonic nature, which, in particular, is expressed in the idea of the fox as guides to the other world. This is due to its incorporation into shamanic rites as a spirit helper and black Shaman’s attribute. The study shows that a part of the pre-Baikal Buryats had the fox veneration in the past. It is found that some traditional Buryat judgments about the fox have parallels in the worldview of other peoples.

The most difficult barrier among many barriers generated by globalization to overcome is the ethno-cultural one from the integration view point. It is rooted in linguistic, religious factors, the collective memory features and overcoming collective trauma both in Russia and Europe. Globalization makes national borders permeable by moving large groups of people. The identity crisis caused by migration creates a certain tension in the society. How relevant is the concept of a nation as citizenship formed in the XX century for the XXI century and new realities? This problem is acute for the host communities in Russia and the United States, European Union countries, where there are high standards of the life quality and social security. France is a country with a high level of migratory population growth. The attitude to the colonial past of France, as well as to the process of the entry of certain national outskirts into the Russian Empire/USSR, continues to remain ambiguous, inter alia due to the deep roots in the memory of living generations of the local war consequences of the XX century. The ultimate form of memory representation is the museum space. The article examines the experience of educational and scientific activities of the National museum of the history of immigration in Paris as an element of a creative strategy to integrate and adapt immigrants into the French society. The author gives the analysis of its activity practices with visitors on-line and off-line, the specifics of organizing a creative museum space, and interaction with civil society, using historical and cultural heritage to achieve project goals. The study was carried out using the methods of participatory observation and analysis of social networks of the Palais de Port-Dore, where the museum’s permanent and temporary exhibitions are located. The research work was carried out in the first half of 2020, before the COVID-19 pandemic onset, during the implementation of limited measures and just after the self-isolation regime withdrawal. The conclusion is drawn about the applicability of this experience in relation to the museum industry of Siberia as a region of the Russian Federation with a rich and diverse historical and cultural heritage.

The article objective is to study the practice of appointing the chief of the Gendarme District in Siberia throughout the history of its existence. The author solves the following tasks: 1) to determine all the chiefs of the Gendarme District in Siberia; 2) to establish reasons and circumstances of choosing certain candidates for the post of Gendarme District chief; 3) to identify the mechanism of appointment and approval for the specified position; 4) to determine the position place of the Gendarme District chief in the service career of persons who occupiedit at different time. The main research sources are the materials of the Central Gendarme Department stored in the State Archives of the Russian Federation, as well as orders for the Gendarme Corps. The main research approach is a comparative historical analysis. The author came to several conclusions. As a total, the post of chief of the Gendarme District in Siberia was held by 10 people (average time of their leadership in the district was about 7 years). Over the nearly 70-year existence of the Gendarme District in Siberia, there were qualitative changes in the practice of appointing its chiefs. At first, the choice of candidates for this position was not great due to the recent creation of the Gendarme Corps. Subsequently, the Corps leadership already had lists of candidates, which led to a careful selection among them. The selection of candidates took into account the general length of service, time of service in the gendarmerie system, professional qualities, as well as individual subjective factors. The selected candidate was proposed to the monarch for approval followed by an order from the Gendarme Corps to appoint the district chief. The post of the chief of the Gendarme District in Siberia was prestigious in the gendarme service as evidenced by responses of those persons, who were suggested to take the gendarme leadership. It was both the peak of their careers, and the last post in the gendarme service for all persons who held the position of the head of the Gendarme District in Siberia.

The article objective is to identify methodological foundations for studying cooperative forms of the socio-economic activity. Since the late 1980s, new and deeper approaches have been formed, and the cooperative theme has been integrated into the context of more general problems of the Russian history - modernization, alternative ways of socio-economic development, and the Russian mentality specifics. The author considers the traditions of defining the essence of cooperation in frames of formation, modernization, and civilizational paradigms. Activating the civilizational approach since the second half of the XIX century has advanced studying socio-cultural factors that contributed to the social capital accumulation and promoted association. Viewed from this perspective, cooperation appears as a «goal-rational» type of a social action, which results in forming social ties between individuals, creating associations and stable social institutions. For the traditional Russian society, where the «value-oriented» type of social action prevailed and the ability to associate was poorly developed, cooperative forms were exo-innovation. Organically fitting into the modernization processes, cooperation with its inherent functions of adaptation and integration contributed to socialization of economy, overcoming the society’s socio-cultural split, accumulating social capital, expanding the sphere of non-state civil activities, becoming the effective factor of the Russian modernization. The prospects for studying cooperation are related to the interpretation of its essence and cooperative experience in the context of ideas about the diffusion of exo-innovations in the modernization course, «actor» approach, «civil society» concept, which allow inscribing the history of the cooperative movement into the complex conditions of modernization process.

The period of Russian protectorate over Tuva was difficult and controversial due to a number of internal and external factors. The article is focused on the analysis of the activity of Russian officials appointed to implement the policy of colonization of Tuva territory through its peaceful and cultural integration into Russia. The study objective is to consider the activity of V.Yu. Grigoriev, the Privy Councilor in Urianghai Krai (1915-1917), and relations of Tuva and Russia at the time under consideration. This objective can be achieved through the solution of the following tasks: to study Russian policy after establishing the protectorate implemented through the Russian representative bodies; to analyze special features of introduction of the volost system in Tuva; to investigate innovations in Tuvan court organization; to show ways of solving land disputes and conflict situations with Tuvan noyons (local feudal lords) by V.Yu. Grigoriev. The research base sources are materials from the State Archives of the Republic of Tyva introduced into scientific discourse for the first time. The author concludes that there was competition and in-coordination between different Russian governmental departments in Tuva. The focus of the Council of Ministers of Russian Empire on the colonization of the region through “cultural instilment” was often at the background. In addition to the mobilization of the local Russian population in Tuva, the Russian authorities sent a cossack unit from Usinsk and Kobdo consular guard. V.Yu. Grigoriev’s attempts to introduce Russian jurisdiction and modify administrative and territorial structure in Tuva remained unsuccessful due to the lack of legislative framework.

The article is devoted to the movement of Russia’s older soldiers in 1917. Men, who had never served in military during a peacetime, were enlisted as warriors (ratniks) of the II category. This category of potential military personnel originally were not supposed to be drafted into the army. However, the crisis in human resources led to the fact that in 1915 government began to mobilize them and send to the front. Last conscriptions took place in the late 1916. Soldiers aged 40-43 (the age limit for conscription) joined the army. By this time, there had already been an acute shortage of workers in the countryside. The conscription only complicated the situation with agricultural work. After the Revolution of 1917, soldiers above the age of 40 were allowed returning home to sow and harvest. However, soon the government demanded them back. The preparation of an offensive at the front led to cancelling leaves of absence. The Government decision provoked dissatisfaction on the part of the older soldiers. Protests started throughout the country. Tens of thousands of men came to Petrograd demanding the order cancellation. The older soldiers believed that there were younger men in the country that were evading the front. They supposed they would be more useful in the rear, where they could help both their family and the country as a whole. Nevertheless, neither the Minister of war, nor the Petrograd Soviets, nor the First Congress of Soviets agreed with the arguments of the 40-year-olds. The protest movement did not subside until the fall of 1917, when soldiers above the age of 40 were demobilized. The movement of 40-year-old soldiers showed that the peasantry quickly adopted new forms of expression of disagreement, which were peaceful in nature. Those people had an opportunity to desert, but tens of thousands of them strove to be heard by the authorities.

The article aims to study the contribution of memoir publications of the 1920s to highlighting the “Bolshevism triumphal march” in Siberia, to forming the source base of the Siberian Sovietization concept. It defines the list of memoir authors, their status and party affiliation during the revolution events. The research shows that in 1917 at least half of the memoirists were members of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks), and among them, there were few prominent professional revolutionaries. The article argues that this fact largely explains the approaches of the memoirists to the description and interpretation of what happened, terminology choice, and language stylistics. The research finds out that the number of memoirs published on the October Revolution 10^th anniversary and reflecting the revolutionary process in Siberia and its Sovietization is nearly 30 works, while neither both capitals, nor the adjacent regions of the Urals and the Far East had comparable numbers. The article studies the reasons for such small number of the memoirs about Siberia Sovietization. It analyzes the memoirs’ general topics and problems, as well as the specific episodes of the political struggle described by memoirists. The article examines how the memoir authors explained the reasons for the ten-day armed conflict in December, 1917 in Irkutsk. Based on the collected data and results of its analysis it establishes that the memoirs of the 1920s created two basic axioms of the Soviet concept of the “Bolshevism triumphal march” in Siberia. On the one hand, it claimed that the Soviets of Workers ‘and Soldiers’ Deputies of some cities and towns seized power long before the October Revolution; on the other hand, they declared that the October Revolution occurred in Siberia around November-December 1917. The article concludes by arguing that the memoirs published in the 1920s fulfilled multiple functions, and, first of all, they were the most important and reliable source of information about the period of the revolution.

This article is the first attempt to study the political biography of Pyotr Zahkarovich Ozernykh (1886-1919), a Siberian poet, journalist, social and public activist. It considers P.Z. Ozernykh’s participation in political processes in February and October Revolutions in 1917, as well as his role in the anti-Bolshevik underground and Soviet regime overthrow on June 19, 1918 based on a wide range of various historical sources. Moreover, the paper analyzes P.Z. Ozernykh’s activity as a member of Yeniseisk governorate commissariat, circumstances of his assignment to the position of Yeniseisk Governorate commissar of the Provisional Siberian Government on August, 1, 1918, characterizes his work holding this position, as well as causes of his dismissal on October, 28, 1918. As the result, it was concluded that P.Z. Ozernykh’s political behavior under the conditions of Revolutions and Civil War was consistent and logical. He was devoted to his ideals and bosom comrades headed by V.M. Krutovsky, a famous Siberian regional activist. It was a foundation for his rapid career. Political enlightener, whose main activity direction in 1917 was to manage a cooperative journal called “Narodnoe Delo”, became an active participant of the anti-Bolshevik underground. Later, due to exceptional insufficiency of political basis for democratic counterrevolution in Yeniseisk governorate, P.Z. Ozernykh became the member of Yeniseisk Governorate Commissariat of the Provisional Siberian Government, then he was assigned the head of the governorate with emergency powers. As the democratic policy government was collapsing, these circumstances predetermined the downfall of his career and life. During the Civil War, P.Z. Ozernykh was a political idealist at an administrative position. This role was not typical, and after a short period of democratic counterrevolution, it became unacceptable for the political counterrevolution system which evolved toward authoritarianism.

The article is based on an ego-document - a personal diary by A.I. Dmitriev, a worker of an aircraft factory in the city of Molotov (Perm), who regularly kept a diary since 1941. He told in detail about his own life, recorded his impressions of what was happening in his family, at the factory, in the country. The study objective is to identify the relationship between cultural patterns and emotional representations in Dmitriev’s diary. K. Girtz’s concept was chosen as a methodological approach. According to K. Girtz’s views, a person’s culture organizes his emotional world and ways to express feelings. A.I. Dmitriev’s diary allows reconstructing the paradoxical reaction of a Soviet man to a military disaster. The theme of Moscow in the diary appeared in August 1941. Detailed entries of February-June, 1942 have been analyzed. In Soviet culture, Moscow was a kind of earthly paradise: a symbol of victorious socialism, a promised land for Soviet citizens: food abundance, miracle machines, cultural people reminiscent of heroes from movies, a source of benefits for all Soviet people in an achievable historical perspective. Pre-war Moscow was a culturally and technologically advanced city for A. Dmitriev. There was a lot of products in the shops. Soviet people lived happily in the city full of food. Analysis of the diary allows studying the work of the Soviet man’s social imagination. The specific historical material shows how the personal experience of the diary’s author is synthesized with the cultural and ideological attitudes of the authorities. The result is a unified, integral image of “ideal socialism” without war. The image of happy days in Moscow was formed by the author of the diary under the influence of the military situation in 1941-1942. A.I. Dmitriev, as well as his fellow citizens of Molotov, felt a constant need for food, clothing and shoes, heating of homes and industrial premises. In contrast to military life, A. Dmitriev described his stay in Moscow as a long holiday, the happiest time of his life. The image of happy days reproduced the mass values of Soviet citizens: leisure, plenty of food and alcohol, carefree life.

The article deals with the population housing quality in three large industrial cities in Siberia: Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk and Irkutsk in the late 1980s. The authors have identified four basic criteria to assess the quality of housing: an average living area size, population distribution by types of housing, availability of communal benefits in houses, as well as the distribution of living space according to the material of outer walls. By the late 1980s, the significant progress was made in providing housing for the population in major regional centers of Siberia. The most comfortable type of living space should be called individual apartments, where the amount of living space per a person was higher than in hostels, communal apartments or individual houses. They had a large set of communal benefits. The share of the population living in separate apartments in Krasnoyarsk was higher than in Novosibirsk, or Irkutsk. At the same time, Novosibirsk bypassed other cities in terms of the share of residents of communal apartments. Novosibirsk dormitories were much more comfortable than those in Krasnoyarsk and Irkutsk. They had both higher average indicators of living space, and were better equipped with communal benefits. The city was the educational and academic center of Siberia, so it needed high-quality dormitories. Moreover, Novosibirsk bypassed other cities in providing housing with communal goods in almost all types of premises. While almost all residents of apartments and dormitories in all three cities were provided with sewer systems, access to central heating, hot water, etc., the share of such residents in Novosibirsk was higher, and a great part of individual homes also had such conveniences. While the majority of individual houses in Krasnoyarsk had electricity at best. The share of houses built of stone or brick in Novosibirsk was higher. They were often more comfortable than houses made of other materials. However, Krasnoyarsk bypasses its western and eastern neighbors in panel houses, which were less comfortable than brick ones, but more comfortable than wooden ones. The authors conclude that, despite some deviations, the level of housing quality was relatively equal in all three cities. In the Siberian regional centers in the late 1980s, it was possible to achieve a level corresponding to the industrial society.

The article is a detailed review of the book by O.N. Shelegina «The Museum World of Siberia in the First Decades of the XXI Century» (2019). The monograph’s relevance is explained by the lack of analogues among domestic studies of museum activities for the period under study. It analyzes the author’s adaptive and synergetic approaches to study the processes of the Siberian museum world transformation in the context of globalization and glocalization; reveals the scientific novelty due to systematizing significant empirical material associated with large-scale research and organizational events, publishing projects, activities of Siberian museums-reserves and open-air museums. The paper states theoretical validity and conceptual integrity of the research; notes the analytics and synthesis of a significant historiographic resource accumulated in the first decades of the XXI century. It concludes about the high scientific value of the monograph under review and its importance in filling gaps in the field of modern museology and museum activity.

The authors propose a dedicated mobile roof support for underground coal mining. Joint deformation of roof rocks and roof support is analyzed using the finite element method. The shapes and sizes of failure zones and the influence of the support on coal and host rocks are determined. The application area for the mobile roof support in underground mining is outlined, and the essentiality of the current prediction method of dynamic events during mining is substantiated. It is feasible to increase the rate of heading by means of reduction of the heading cycle duration.

In uniaxial compression tests of cubic samples, the authors measure displacements in the mid-cross section of the samples at different distances from side faces. The mathematical modeling of deformation of salt rock samples uses the elastoplastic model with linear isotropic strengthening and the associated flow rule. The plasticity condition is the three-dimension strength criterion reflective of shearing and tensile fracturing. The 3D FEM-based mathematical modeling is implemented in terms of displacements with discretization into 8-point isoparametric hexahedral elements. The mathematical model of deformation and failure of salt rock samples is calibrated using the calculation results. The elastoplastic model with linear isotropic strengthening ensures reasonable agreement between the experimental and theoretical data, and is applicable to estimating stability of rib pillars, critical lateral strain rates in the pillars and their remaining life.

The article discusses natural stress field variation with depth. Rocks are assumed to be elastic. Increase in the stress level results in higher principal shear stresses but causes no failure. It is stated that failure is only possible at the increased lateral earth pressure coefficients, which induce hydrostatic stress redistribution at great depths. It is shown that Poisson’s ratio tends to 1/2 in isotropic rock mass.

The presented procedure of slope stability analysis for open pits is based on the comprehensive studies into physical/mechanical properties and structural tectonics of pit wall rock mass with regard to jointing. The procedure is applied to find determine structural weakening and rock quality in Koktaszhal Open Pit Copper Mine in Kazakhstan.

The structural characteristics of expansive soil is susceptible to repeated drying and wetting cycles caused by seasonal periodical changes. In this paper, the characteristics of Nanning expansive soil were studied,and the soil-water characteristic curves of Nanning expansive soil under multiple drying and wetting cycles were obtained by adopt several known equations. Furthermore, a new prediction model considering two factors was proposed basing on the Van Genuchten model. The new model overcomes the shortcomings of the previous model which considers only matrix suction. It can reasonably consider 2 factors including the matrix suction and the number of drying and wetting cycles. The model can establish a general equation for the soil-water characteristic curve with the same fitting parameters in comparison with the previous model, which can greatly reduce workload of the measurement. In addition, the application of the improved model was broadened by comparing the fitting results and test data of expansive soils of Nanyang and volcanic ash soil.

Salt rock is a crystalline material with a particular structure and different mechanical behavior. This inorganic material is a highly deformable rock, which shows creep under constant loads. This study attempts to estimate the properties and mechanical parameters of salt rock, such as uniaxial compressive strength, deformation modulus, Poisson’s ratio, internal friction angle, longitudinal wave propagation speed, and other related parameters by designing and performing the tests in accordance with valid standards in this context. Prismatic specimens were prepared from a salt rock dome, and the complete stress-strain curves in uniaxial compressive tests were determined. Comparison of salt rock strength and deformation characteristics with the brittle rock material shows significant difference between them. The results of tests have demonstrated the effect of the form of samples on their mechanical parameters. The ratio of the strengths under uniaxial loading of cylindrical samples to similar prismatic ones is about 0.83.

The concepts of classification of water solid mineral deposits are discussed. Most classifications are based on hydrogeology, water inflows and water abundance of rock mass. Grouping of mineral deposits without regard to the mining technology disables the integrated evaluation of the potential and attractiveness of mineral resources. The authors propose to classify water solid mineral deposits by grouping the latter with regard to the water flow impact neutralization method and mining technology in open pits.

Introduction. The relevance of the study of the problem of values and educational potential of the content of education is due to: the socio-cultural and humanistic role of the content of education; the need to solve didactic issues (selection and structuring of the content of education based on values; the relationship between the content of education and the results of its development). The purpose of the study: to determine the educational potential of subject teaching on the example of natural science education in general and the content of patriotic education in teaching natural science subjects in particular. Methodology and methods of the research. On the basis of the axiological approach as a methodological basis for studying the problem of the educational potential of the content of education, the following positions have been identified: student as a subject of education; the system of general cultural values in education; value-semantic guidelines and information-content foundations of the content of education in general and natural science in particular, including aspects of patriotic education. The research methods are: literature analysis; design and modeling of educational content; retrospective analysis of personal scientific and pedagogical activities. The results of the research. When considering the problems of education and training, the reference point is the system of general cultural values: the cognitive, aesthetic, practical, and moral ones. The components of the content of education in their integrity and unity make it possible to correlate them not only with values, but also with the bearers of values, which can be considered as the basis of the content of education. The value-semantic content for each academic subject is concretized due to the information-content component of the subject, which determines the educational potential of the educational content. The information component of natural science content includes: science and culture; the integrity of the world and its knowledge; science, technology, technology; human being and his/her activities; science and culture in development. Among the variants of the content of patriotic education are: involvement in peace and the solution of global problems; nature; solving environmental problems; history, culture and art of Russia; preservation of cultural heritage; achievements of domestic science and technology; life and work of the great people of Russia; solving the problems of the region of residence. Conclusion. In the logic of the axiological approach, the following are substantiated: the relationship of common cultural values, the process of education and training, the content of education; a system of general cultural values - a value-semantic landmark of the content of education in general and natural science, in particular; defined: educational lines of the information-content component of natural science education, contributing to the implementation of the educational potential of the content of natural science education; value-semantic elements for the realization of the educational potential of natural science education in the context of patriotic education, taking into account regional specifics.

Introduction. The purpose of the paper is to present an empirical experience in the formation of the foundations of the artistic and evaluative activity of master students of the field of training “Design” and “Decorative and applied arts”. Assessment training is carried out in a creative educational environment. Undergraduates will have to learn how to critically consider project proposals and products, give a written value judgment and include it in a master’s thesis to identify the traditions, trends and features of the development of arts and crafts and design declared in the hypothesis. It is a well-reasoned assessment that causes the greatest difficulties for undergraduates in performing scientific work. For this, a methodology for teaching undergraduates was developed, and the main components of the study were determined. Its results can be interesting and useful for all teachers in this area of training. Methodology and methods of the research. The methodological basis of the research is the theory of knowledge and activity, the achievements of pedagogical sciences, a systematic approach in education and the theory of creativity. Pedagogical theory and practice has long established that evaluative activity is one of the varieties of creative thinking, which is characterized by stable activity, intellectual initiative, flexibility and originality. The authors propose a series of progressively more challenging assignments that allow students to master critical and evaluative activities in the field of arts and crafts and design. The last one became the most difficult to master - writing an essay. When checking the assignments, the teacher used the comparison and sampling method. The results of the research. Conducting master’s studies requires immersing students in a favorable educational environment and introducing a number of tasks into the educational process: evaluation of the project in points; revealing the assessment of the results of design activities in critical texts; evaluation of the project in the form of a value judgment; assessment of a topical problem in the form of a short essay. The first assignment was based on the available assessment skills developed by students during their undergraduate studies. For the second assignment, the teacher used critical articles from some design theorists, as well as critical notes in professional journals. Here students learn to see different points of view on the same object and tried to summarize them briefly in annotations of 10-12 lines. The third task involved the creation of a written linked text, the students mastered the techniques of independent use of professional vocabulary. The fourth assignment summarizes all the skills the students have acquired. It developed the ability to analyze the opinions of different authors about a particular design problem and present it in the form of an essay. When assessing the fourth task, the teacher fixed the student’s point of view and looked for generally accepted aesthetic criteria. According to this sample, more than 70% of undergraduates were able to formulate their opinion, which means they have mastered the basics of appraisal activity. Conclusion. With the purposeful organization of the activities of undergraduates within two years, they acquire the necessary skills and abilities that allow them to objectively evaluate design objects and products of decorative and applied art, which significantly increases their professional competence and makes them more competitive in the labor market.

Introduction. The paper deals with the phenomenon of professional self-determination of medical university students in the context of lifelong learning. The author’s point of view is based on the belief that future doctors who study at medical universities are aware of the importance of their chosen profession and do not limit themselves only to obtaining knowledge in an educational environment, but independently master the system of knowledge necessary in professional activity, showing diligence through efficiency. In this regard, the key factor in the development of the demand for a future doctor by society is the process of lifelong learning in medical education, some aspects of which are discussed in this paper. The paper examines the problems of professional self-determination among students and residents of the 1st year of study at the Saratov State Medical University. The results of the survey of students professional self-determination are analyzed. Methodology and methods of the research. The authors conduct a pedagogical study to identify the level of professional self-determination of medical university students (1st year students and residents of 1 year of study) based on diagnostic materials: “Career guidance methods in the process of choosing a profession” (V. M. Samokhina), the method “Professional readiness” (A. P. Chernyavskaya), the method of studying the status of professional identity (A. A. Azbel, A. G. Gretsov). The results of the research. The respondents of the pedagogical research were students of the Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky. The experiment involved 123 residents of the 1st year of study and 66 first-year students of the specialty “Pediatrics”. In the course of the study, it was found that the levels of hard work and efficiency differ among students: first-year students of a medical university showed a lower level than residents of the first year of study. Since most of the residents work as doctors, their desired potential is in demand and used in continuing medical education, unlike first-year students who do not have experience in professional activities. In this regard, diligence in the author’s interpretation correlates with the elements of self-motivation in medical activities implemented in lifelong learning in medical education. The results of the study of the ability to self-education of students allow us to speak about the positive dynamics among medical university graduates - residents have an increase, a very high level has been revealed. Despite the fact that this indicator is lower for first-year students, it is within the range of above-average and high levels, but it also indicates their motivation to self-education, and, accordingly, to study. The revealed fact can be explained by the fact that the amount of information that students must learn comes to them not only through the education system, but also in the process of independent study, as an independent way of mastering the system of knowledge necessary for a future doctor. Conclusion. The conducted research allows us to conclude that the key to professional growth of students of different courses of medical university is the presence of their already existing potential, which is confirmed by experience and is found in first-year students of medical university. In the process of further training in the educational environment of a medical university, this potential increases, which is empirically revealed in residents of the first year of training. The results of the study allow us to talk about the phenomenon of professional resource capacity of future medical workers, and even consider this resource capacity as a prevention of professional burnout of future doctors. In the same vein, the parity of working capacity and focus on self-education constitute the vector of success of professional growth and activity of students of medical universities.

Introduction. Mentality, value orientations and other manifestations of various forms of the student personal agency have dynamic characteristics, are in a state of constant changing, affect the quality of the educational process, and therefore require detailed scientific development. The analysis of the processes of transformation of the student personal agency as they acquire academic experience and professional knowledge in the conditions of permanent reform of the domestic higher education system reveals such negative manifestations as student conformism, lack of interest in individual educational trajectories, lack of understanding and rejection of the competence-based educational model. This is due to a number of reasons that are discussed in the paper, sometimes at the level of the problem statement. Methodology and methods of the research. The paper uses traditional methods of sociological research (content analysis, questionnaires, interviews, etc.), as well as elements of a post-non-classical (synergetic) methodological approach to the analysis of destructive trends in the student environment. As an empirical basis, we used the data of a sociological survey of law students in comparison with the opinions of graduates of various training profiles of four Novosibirsk and Altai institutions of higher education and three educational institutions of additional education, as well as expert assessments of higher school teachers in the Siberian region. The results of the research. As students understand university specifics and gain academic experience, such destructive tendencies as passivity, conformism, detachment from the educational process due to standardization and directive implementation of the competence-based model of higher education, and a decline in the interest in individual educational trajectories and interactive forms increase in their environment. As a result of the restriction of academic freedoms, the principles of the student-centered approach are violated. Students in their senior years do not fully become subjects of their own development. The paper reveals the following trends in the transformation of student personal agency: a decrease in social and cognitive activity in the educational process, conformism, rejection of bureaucratic trends in university life, lack of interest in individual educational trajectories, but at the same time, especially in senior courses, the search for sources of their formation and development within their own information and educational space, outside their native Alma mater. Conclusion. Within the framework of the student-centered approach in modern education, the student personal agency is considered as a dynamic characteristic and acts not only as a factor of interaction with the educational environment, but also as a way of its transformation. Students ‘ involvement in the educational process is determined by their worldview, value orientations, and social expectations, which change significantly in the course of study, sometimes in the direction of its destructiveness.

Introduction. The article examines the applied value of human development through self-government technology and personal self-development. In today’s society, the problem of personal demand is determined by the achieved level of professional training and competent activity in the sphere of life of society, where a person wants to self-realize. The problem of modern education is the training of a person, starting with the school bench and even kindergarten, by revealing the ability (inclination) of the person to a particular professional activity. The formation of personal qualities and competencies should be carried out in professionally oriented educational organizations, which in their practice-oriented training use the entire arsenal of methods and techniques, simulators and practices that can provide an educational and technological level of required competence and professionalism, formed within the educational and professional standards of the Civil Code, as well as functional requirements of specific organizations, taking into account the values and plans of self-development. The scientific novelty in the development of personality lies in the application of new tools to describe the logic of self-development and self-realization of the individual, they are included: cybernetic model, development algorithm, life cycle schedule, stages of planning, scenario version of self-development and self-realization of personality. Methodology and methods of the research. The study used a systematic approach, structural and systemic analysis, cybernetic modeling of self-development processes, algorithmization of personal development, graphic model of human life cycle, content analysis of education standards and professional standards under the Civil Code, which create new requirements for the practice-oriented learning process in educational organizations. The methods and tools of the structural and systemic approach have made it possible to form and test the cybernetic model, algorithm, scenario plan of self-government and self-fulfillment of personality. The results of the research. The practical result of the study was the application of a practice-oriented approach in the process of teaching to student management and the application in practice-oriented learning of new tools, such as: the logic of realizing the need for human life cycle; a cybernetic model of self-development of personality; proposed algorithm of self-development and self-realization of intellectual-professional personal development; proposed stages are an example of the formation of a scenario plan of self-development and self-realization of the personality of a university student. Conclusion. The author of the article provides a system of self-government and self-development of the person, formed by the methodology of structural-system approach, cybernetic modeling, algorithmization of self-development, self-programming in the life cycle and the formation of a plan for the development of professional qualities of the individual, which are in demand in the modern socio-economic environment, which is especially relevant for the purposeful development of students in modern society. An example in the article shows that students, after mastering structurally systemic modeling of the process of personal development management, are able to comprehend and form their own strategy and algorithm of self-government.

Introduction. Fundamental scientific and philosophical knowledge should be introduced into higher professional education in a timely manner. This creates conditions for a broad scientific and philosophical education of students, for the development of a scientific worldview, creative thinking of future specialists in various fields of science and practice, for strengthening the foundation of scientific and technological progress. Purpose of the article: to study several modern scientific and philosophical concepts of time from the standpoint of their inclusion: in the general field of knowledge integration; to the relevant sections of vocational education. The main tasks: to consider the problem of time and space from the standpoint of general philosophical ideas about the surrounding world; to reveal modern approaches to the issues of attributiveness of time and space; explore epistemological ways of analyzing heterogeneous modern concepts of time; to determine the forms of integration of a number of modern concepts of time in vocational education. Methodology and methods of the research. The material of the research was literary sources, scientific and philosophical ideas about time and space in the surrounding world. Methods of epistemological and praxeological analysis of scientific material were applied; comparative scientific and philosophical assessment of the characteristics of the material world and its attributes; comparative analysis of the concepts of unidirectional, bidirectional and cyclic time; socio-pedagogical approach to the problem. The results of the research. The connection of the attributes of time and space with the fundamental properties of the material world is investigated. It is shown that the content of the concept of matter, as an objective reality, in the XX - early XXI centuries is naturally expanding. These are existing in the world: matter and field, the world of substances and the energetic world. Moreover, such subatomic forms of life as various elementary particles (of which more than eight hundred have already been discovered), energy fields, waves, etc., are not only recorded, described, but also widely used in practice. Taking into account the development of the systemic approach, it was determined that the attributive ontological forms of the existence of matter: dynamism of the world (movement as any change in general, continuous variability of the world) and sistemism of the world (as structuredness, stability of areas and parts of the world). Accordingly, the epistemological (metric) attributes of the material world are: time (reflecting the dynamism of the world) and space (reflecting the systemic/structural nature of the world). On this basis, in a comparative aspect, the modern concepts of one-dimensional, two-dimensional and cyclic time are investigated, their ontological and logical relationship is shown. Conclusion. The significance of the problem of time in modern knowledge, professional education and in the technical and technological spheres of society has been substantiated. Based on a broad analysis of scientific and philosophical literature, changes in the modern understanding of the fundamental content of the material world and its attributes are shown. The problem of insufficient comprehension of time in general philosophical, scientific-applied and educational aspects is revealed.

Introduction. One of the most important tasks of art education is the development of aesthetic perception for students, especially for future artists-teachers, since it is them who will contribute to the formation of a sense of beauty among their pupils. Recently, the value orientations of students have undergone a change, and with them the aesthetic perception, for most of whom it began to have a “clip”-like, superficial character, which is completely unacceptable for a graduate of an art university. The aesthetic culture of a modern university graduate does not always meet the needs of society and time, as well as the modern requirements of the school. In this regard, the aesthetic perception of future specialists in the field of artistic activity needs development and improvement. Methodology and methods of the research. The methodological basis of the considered problem of this study was the psychology of creativity, pedagogy of art education. The empirical base was formed by the data of the author’s observations, the results of the work of practicing teachers, data from the research activities of famous scientists. The results of the research. The importance of aesthetic perception has been substantiated, which is able to reveal such personal qualities and abilities that will affect the success and effectiveness in any activity, and, most importantly, will reveal the possibility of creating new aesthetic values. The study revealed that highly developed perception is able to consciously cultivate creative imagination, culture of feelings, empathy. However, aesthetic perception is formed only under certain conditions, which were identified in the process of working on the indicated problem. Conclusion. As a result, it was concluded that aesthetic perception plays a huge role in the spiritual, professional and creative life of students of art universities, since the level of aesthetic culture of society depends on their professional competence. The study proves that aesthetic perception is actively formed in the process of creative, painting activity, in this case color perception plays a special role. At the same time, it was revealed that in the process of development of perception it is necessary to take into account a number of the most important pedagogical conditions, the first of which, along with a good knowledge of the theory of psychophysiology of color, is the purposeful and systematic observation of objects of reality.

Introduction. The article describes some problems of teaching foreign languages in higher education to non-linguistic departments students in the lockdown period of the spring 2020. The authors consider it essential to carry out the analysis of the effects of setting deadlines and using interactive tools based on MOODLE teaching platform on the overall online teaching efficiency in order to use blended learning in higher education in the nearest future. Methodology and methods of the research. The paper includes a literature review of research dedicated to online learning efficiency carried out for the last decade. MOOCs main characteristics and features are compared to traditional offline teaching courses. Also, some characteristics of MOODLE educational platform are provided. The main methods for carrying out this educational research included analyzing the statistical data related to the learning process efficiency on teaching foreign languages. The main parameters assessed were the attendance of online courses based on MOODLE platform by the students of different departments as well as their participation and involvement in ZOOM video conferences. The statistics for juniour students of scientific departments with different levels of school language background was analyzed in the research. The interactive tools were ZOOM video conferences and chats based on MOODLE platform. The time management was organized by setting different types of deadlines. The results of the research. The results obtained in this research let us suggest that the academic performance and the online learning process efficiency are closely related to setting deadlines for doing the assignments as well as applying interactive ways of communication by using modern online tools such as chats and video conferences. However, there is a category of students whose academic performance does not depend on the deadlines flexibility or other work organization parameters, and the efficiency of online courses for this category is significantly different. Conclusion. As a result of the research, a list of factors influencing the academic performance was obtained. Also, a number of recommendations for teachers and educators are provided for working with students with different levels of performance. Further research in this area will be dedicated to increasing the distant learning efficiency in the modern world conditions when digital education is the essential part of blended learning.

Introduction. The paper raises the problem of transformation of education in the conditions of modern social and information reality. Although the process of education reform is a multidimensional phenomenon, when considering it, there are reasons to focus on the study of new information trends, which, acting as tools for implementing the idea of education development set by the innovation paradigm, form the core of the designated reform. In connection with the reorientation of the spiritual and social life to the information basis, there is observed a change in the status of knowledge with respect to the learning process; in particular, it contributes to characteristic changes in the functions of the teacher, who loses the function of the primary carrier of knowledge in the interaction with students and takes the role of coordinator in the limitless information space. Modern educational realities give rise to the foundation for the formation of a new subject-subject type of educational interaction, but it remains impossible to fully implement it, which appears in connection with the problem of transforming the educational system in the field of ICT orientation only in terms of form, but not quality content. On the path of understanding the occurring metamorphosis, there appears not only the need for a detailed study of the effects of the introduction of information technologies in the educational process, but also there becomes a significantly important issue for the actors of the educational interaction to go deeper into the personality component, since the effectiveness of the implementation of relevant innovation is largely driven by the availability of personality qualities that support the preparation of the individual to perceive a new reality. The purpose of the paper is a comprehensive review of the ongoing adaptation of education in accordance with the current socio-cultural situation. Methodology and methods of the research. The object of the study is the educational process, and the subject is its transformation in the modern information world. The methodological basis of the research is a systematic approach that allows us to identify the features of the transformation of the process of obtaining knowledge in the aggregate of its characteristic aspects, the specifics of which are formed in the plane of the innovative educational paradigm. Using the comparative method used in this paper to compare the development of educational interaction in the traditional “knowledge” environment and the space of information culture, we identify phenomena that were first introduced into the individual’s being, in which a modern person experiences a unique experience of both secondary and primary socialization. Based on the generalization of theoretical studies of scientists who develop the problems of science and education, the paper presents and analyzes current ideas that affect the prerequisites for the formation of the current specifics of the learning process in the present time, its immediate characteristics and problem aspects that cause the need to find their solution. The results of the research. Through the prism of modern ideas about the problems of education, the process of adapting the educational system based on new information and communication technologies is considered. The study of the layer of theoretical research in the field of problems of modern education allowed us to form a holistic image of its specificity as a socio-cultural phenomenon, the features of which are currently manifested in a change in the paradigm setting from the point of view of the education system, and from the point of view of educational interaction, in a change in the teacher-student relationship. In view of the concentration of special attention on the variety of existing information trends, the effects of their influence on the process of obtaining knowledge are generalized and the place of these trends in the ongoing transformational processes is determined. In addition, the paper covers such issues as: 1) the transition from the traditional “knowledge” paradigm of education to a paradigm of innovative type; 2) the emergence of new contours of knowledge; 3) the subject-object approach in educational interaction and its failure in the modern world; 4) the features of the subject-subject approach and the problems of its implementation. The conclusion is made that the conflict between the complex system of the educational institution, which, due to its features, does not have the ability to quickly reform the quality structures, and the information society with its characteristic super-dynamism is the main problem field of reorientation of the educational process on the basis of the updated social reality. The search for overcoming the contradiction is proposed to be transferred to the field of understanding the personal components of the educational interaction participants. Conclusion. In the conditions of the modern social reality of the information type, education is undergoing transformation and the educational system is gradually adapting to new information and communication technologies. The transformation of education is a multi-faceted process, during the implementation of which the society has identified problematic issues that require their understanding and solving, since modern educational realities give rise to the foundation for the formation of educational interaction in the future.

Introduction. The problem of professionalization of future teachers in the context of digitalization of the university educational space, and the entire educational system of the country, is complex in its structure, filled with aspects that require attention from the pedagogical community. These problematic aspects are seen, firstly, in the fact that the harmonious motivation for digitalization of the educational and intellectual activities of the subjects of the educational process (both the teacher and the students) is still appear to be ideally elevated and requires understanding of practical approaches to its solution. Secondly, the factors of beneficial influence on the formation of digitalization skills of students have not yet been fully identified. And third, the problem of the need for advanced digital self-development among future professionals needs to be understood by teachers and scientists. The presented topic of the paper, therefore, contains these three problematic aspects, combined into one whole, which is relevant for the present time in that digitalization, as a condition of social existence, involves the intellectual mastery of its technologies in any sphere of human activity. For a deep, conscious mastery of them, a person must improve their skills and attitudes to the activities performed at the motivational level. In the educational process, which combines the activities of two subjects-the teacher and the student, it requires the unity of two motives (“motive - motivation, argument, reason for action”) to understand the benefits of digital actions, to improve their performance (the first aspect). The dynamic motivation of the activity of a student is likely to be in an adequate state of the environment, which has factors that contribute to an increase in interest in a new business, an understanding of its usefulness and necessity for him/her (the second aspect). The result of the success of education, as pedagogy presents an axiomatic fact, is the ability of a person to manage the process of his/her personal development. The need for advanced digital self-development, its real expression in future teachers can be considered an indicator of the success of their professionalization. Solving questions in an educational institution about finding reliable ways to adequately motivate the digitalization of educational and intellectual activities in the subjects of the educational process, improving the university educational space are conditions for increasing the need for digital self-development of future professionals (the third aspect). Thus, the paper aims at in-depth study of the essence (based on the research of domestic scientists) of the theoretical and practical content of the identified aspects of the problem of professionalization of future teachers in the context of digitalization of education. Methodology and methods of the research. The stated topic of the study was investigated on the basis of educational-axiological methodologies that are based on national pedagogical idea of creative self-development of educational systems focused on the continuous creative self-development of both teacher and students. The proposed new approaches to the organization of the educational process may be of interest for further philosophical understanding and development of the educational system in Russia. The result of the research. The study allowed us to come to the conclusion that obtaining positive results of the development of the educational program is possible when taking into account the latest relevant request of the human world space - digital modernization. The concept of “education” is still a criterion for the quality of knowledge acquired by a person, but at the present stage of development of society, it acquires another new aspect - the ability to prevent some negative consequences in human behavior. The study shows that the conditions of digitalization of education can be for the benefit of the developing personality in the process of its professionalization, if the conditions that are set out in the content of the aspects of the problem under consideration are realized. Conclusion. The activation of the modern educational process in higher education by means of modern digital technologies does not exclude the rejection of the search for an answer to the question “What is education and what is education?” At present, this question is not rhetorical and not idle for the Russian public, but requires attention, understanding and search for practical and pedagogical humanistic forms of solution, among which the digitalization of education, aimed at enriching the human in a person.

Introduction. In 2020, due to the coronavirus pandemic, the trend of transferring the traditional classroom form of education to a distance learning format has accelerated. Teaching engineering students using distance learning technologies and e-learning requires higher education to review the organization, methods and design of teaching academic disciplines in the online format. Methodology and methods of the research was aimed at comparing and analyzing the content and activity components of the educational process, the pedagogical experience of theoretical training and practical training of students of a corporate university for engineering activities. Interpretation, generalization and description of the obtained results of educational and extracurricular achievements of students, as well as the “digital footprint” of students’ educational activity collected by methodologists, allowed us to interpret the obtained educational results at a qualitatively different level. The results of the research. The paper considers the organization of the educational process for higher education programs in the Non-state private Educational Institution of Higher Education “Technical University of the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company UMMC” with the use of e-learning and distance learning technologies. The key aspects of the use of remote technologies in the educational process in the training of future engineers during the lockdown period are identified. Examples of methodological and technological support for conducting training sessions in various disciplines in a remote format are given. The role of the University’s support services in organizing and ensuring the smooth work of teachers and students in a remote format is shown. The possibility and necessity of collecting and subsequent analysis of the received “digital footprint” in the learning process are also evaluated. Attention is paid to the control of ensuring the quality of students' education. Conclusion. The structure and analysis of the proposed model of the educational process using e-learning and distance learning technologies in the preparation of engineering students make it possible to generalize the accumulated empirical material, effectively use and further develop innovative teaching methods, including practice-oriented learning. The further direction of the research may be to establish the correlation between the use of e-learning, distance learning technologies and traditional forms of education for the most effective training of engineering students at the university.