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The article focuses on the historical concept and contribution to the Decembrist movement studies by G. P. Shatrova, a prominent researcher of the mid-XX century. Special attention is paid to the role of memoir sources in the scientific analysis carried out by the scholar, to the significance of memoir heritage in elaborating the Decembrism concept by Shatrova, and effect of ego-documents on the development of such important trends of the Decembrist studies as: the Decembrists in Siberia, the Decembrism’s evolution during the period after the uprising, Decembrist biographies, as well as the history of United Slavs Society. Shatrova proved the enlightening character of this secret society exactly based on the memoirs. She laid down the main scientific approaches to the analysis of Decembrist memoirs as the most important basis to study Decembrists. Shatrova’s works are imbued with references to memoirs, making the story of the Decembrist movement personalized, lively and compelling as presented by the author. The principle of working with sources and their selection by G.P. Shatrova lies in the fact that it is the memoir heritage that is taken as a basis, and the materials of office work and investigation play a subordinate role. When characterising the Siberian period of Decembrism, memoirs become nearly the main source for the scholar, and this approach to the source base brings its positive results. Shatrova successfully investigated the problem of the Decembrist uprising’s defeat and its lessons on the basis of memoirs. Shatrova used the Decembrists’ memoirs especially wide in her historical and biographical works. In her study on D. I. Zavalishin, Shatrova brilliantly solved the difficult task of criticizing the Decembrist’s memoirs, which made it possible to involve them in the research. Shatrova clarified the important issue of the “Notes” authorship by I .I. Gorbachevsky. This article traces Shatrova’s vision of memoirs, her interpretation and application of them to crate the ideas. It shows Shatrova’s method of using the Decembrists’ memoir heritage as the priority source to characterize the Decembrist ideology and movement as a whole, and to create a scientific biography.

The “commune” concept is one of the main definitions of the ideological doctrine of the victorious party. It became the basis to create special theoretical constructs in the various spheres of the society. In the agricultural sector, this is the “agricultural commune”. The article objective is to consider the stages of forming, developing and correcting this concept in ideological texts of 1917-1919. The research methodological base is the theory of social construction, which makes it possible to consider the theoretical justification, program settings and the socialist idea’s embodiment in the early Soviet Russia as an integral process. When studying the topic, it has been revealed that the “agricultural commune” concept was formulated and began to be introduced in the village in the early 1918 as a result of using the theory and experience of Utopian socialists and Russian socialists. The created collectives were considered as the practical base to disseminate socialist ideas in the countryside, acquaint peasants with large collective production, and form a “new” man of labor. Before 1918, V.I. Lenin reacted negatively to the possibility of realizing the commune’s idea in practice at the initial stage of the proletarian dictatorship era, but by the spring of 1918 had changed his mind for tactical reasons. The same year, in the party and government circles a discussion started on the appropriateness of the financial and administrative support by the state based on the current dynamics of their activity. Several options were proposed for the concept existence within the general line of the Party. As a result, by the late 1919, the agricultural communes partially lost the status of privileged collectives. Meanwhile, the authorities’ interest in continuing this experiment preserved the inclusion of the studied construct with a special position in the general ideological field and allowed developing the initiative “from below” until the early 1930s.

The article is devoted to the so-called inspection of rural party organizations carried out in Siberia in January 1926 - March 1927. The research source base is shorthand reports of party forums, statistical digests, documents found in two central and one regional archives, as well as materials of the regional periodical press. The main goals, objectives, mechanisms and results of the campaign are identified based on these sources. The paper shows that it was carried out according to the directives of the Central Committee and the Central Control Committee of All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), but at the same time it had its own specific features. Thus, the inspection of rural party organizations took place in two stages in Siberia: from January to May 1926, and from November 1926 to March 1927. In just ten months of the campaign, 180 of the 2103 rural cells in Siberia were checked, which amounted 8.6 %. 345 of 2,250 tested members and candidates of the AUCP(b) were expelled from the party, at least 60 left it voluntarily or were recognized as mechanically dropped out. But in the Siberian party organization scales, this decline was insignificant and did not affect the dynamics of its number. The campaign’s main task wasn’t to exclude politically weak and decayed Communists from the AUCP(b), but above all to assess the overall performance of the cells and issue specific recommendations to eliminate the identified shortcomings. The author concludes that the inspection of rural party organizations in Siberia, contrasting the party purges of previous years aimed to combat the internal party opposition, had primarily the task to normalize the cells’ activity. By itself, checking 8.6 % of all rural cells in Siberia could not significantly improve the state of the Siberian party organization, but revealing the most common problems was an essential condition to form an adequate idea of the positions of the ruling party in the countryside for the regional leadership, and, consequently, a prerequisite for its further strengthening.

The paper analyzes the advertising consumer goods in the first half of the 1950s aimed to reconstruct the presented standards of material consumption and identify regional specifics of the advertising discourse. Posters and nine periodicals published in various regions of the RSFSR (magazines, central, regional, and municipal newspapers) are research sources. To achieve the study objective, the authors used qualitative analysis methods that allow to identify the features of text and visual presentation of advertising stories. It reveals that activation of the advertising discourse in the early 1950s, manifested in the expansion of the range of advertised products and active appeal to marketing rhetoric, was synchronous with the price reductions carried out in the country. Advertising implemented an informative function (introducing new products to citizens), stimulated consumer purchasing activity (through positive visualization of material consumption images, appealing to marketing rhetoric), as well as performed a propaganda task declaring the idea that the difficulties of the post-war recovery were left behind. Advertising in the first half of the 1950s formed a fairly high standard of material consumption focused on the urban society representatives. The increasing volume and changing emphasis in Soviet consumer advertising in the early 1950s (synchronous with the ongoing decline in retail prices) indicates significant economic results of the recovery period, and the adjustment of social regulation mechanisms and the weakening of the “mobilization” regime in the country. In the first half of the 1950s there was demarginalization of consumption sectors, indicated by the course to form the Soviet consumers, without limiting their inquiries to the narrow range of things necessary for life, but seeking to satisfy a wide variety of needs.

The article substantiates the need for a historical study of the rural cinema audience in the context of regularities of development of the communication environment. Cinema and the film distribution system are viewed as a space of dialogue between the government and society in the USSR. Based on documents regulating the film industry’s development and sociological studies of cinema rural audiences, it is shown that the cinema’s ideological function was gradually lost, while the commercial component in film distribution strengthened in the 1950-1980s. Rural projection facilities, unable to provide theatrical distribution’s income comparable to city cinemas, nevertheless made a significant contribution to replenish the local Soviets’ budgets. Technological modernization of the film screening, necessary due to growing competition with television, was not possible in rural areas due to the inapplicability of the large cinema model. Therefore, until the late Soviet era, the main criterion of the rural cinema network development was the extensive growth in the number of film projectors. This approach did not make it possible to ensure the proper quality of film screening, and caused a reduction in the rural film audience since the 1970s. The specificity of rural cinema consumption was determined by significant spectator activity under the information hunger conditions, the impossibility of choosing a film, and less exacting requirements of the quality of films and film screenings. Nevertheless, as the communication environment expanded, the rural audience increasingly gravitated toward urban cinema standards. As in the city, the average age of cinema visitors was steadily declining, and school children remained the most active cinema visitors. With the abolition of ideological restrictions and further commercialization of film distribution under “perestroika” conditions, the inefficient rural film screening system lost hopelessly in the competition with television and video gaining popularity, and was doomed to disappear.

Modern publishing practice in Russia demonstrates a previously unknown phenomenon, which is rapid development of publishing activities in mid-sized cities and towns, even in rural settlements outside the regional administrative centers, especially since the 2010s. This process is noticeable in Siberia and the Far East. Local centers create their own publishing houses and issue books. The author identifies five options of developing book publishing in Russia’s eastern regions, and five models to distribute publishing forces between the main city and other settlements in the region, accordingly. The first model is typical of industrially developed regions with a large concentration of publishing resources in the main city (Novosibirsk, Omsk Areas). Here, the peripheral publishing network is weak due to its low demand. The second model prevails in the majority of national republics in the Asian part of the country, and so-called depressed Far Eastern regions (Amur and Magadan Oblasts, Transbaikalian and Kamchatka Krais). Simply, these regions lack both material and intellectual resources for publishing in local settlements. The third model of the peripheral publishing network development is represented by a number of regions, where besides the regional “capital’s” publishing power, there are quite strong publishing complexes in another city of the region (Kemerovo Area, Krasnoyarsk and Khabarovsk Territories). The fourth model, that appeared in the Tomsk, Irkutsk Areas, Primorsk and Altai Territories should be considered as the most harmonious one. It provides an even distribution of publishing enterprises, corresponding to the needs, across all settlements in the region. The fifth model is implemented in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, where the capital regional city has a poor publishing potential, and the main part of printed products is produced by two other cities, which are the Ob North oil “capitals”. Forming a cluster of book publishing enterprises in small settlements of the modern province fully corresponds to the prospect of Russia’s development along the democratic path, building the civil society foundations.

Modern regional book publishing has been formed under the influence of trends of monopoly, monocentrism, and concentration of publishing business in the central part of the country. It has specific features and develops in a specific thematic niche. Hundreds of publishing organizations form the infrastructure of regional book publishing, but only dozens of them are stable and relatively successful. The most regional publishing houses are small and medium-sized, low-budget, unprofitable and kulturträger without their own printing facilities and promotion channels. The main problems of regional book publishing are a shortage of financial, printing and human resources, unstable state support, undeveloped local book distribution networks, inaccessibility of large capital bookselling networks, lack of quality content, and low prestige of regional publishers in comparison with metropolitan ones, low purchasing ability of local readers. Regional publishing houses have almost no chance of achieving self-sufficiency under such conditions. The main sources of funding publishing houses are state and private foundations, sponsorship, crowdfunding, and book publishing at the authors’ expense. All these types of support are focused primarily on non-commercial publishing projects, which constitute the overwhelming majority in the regions. The range of regional publishing projects that can potentially be profitable is not so wide: first of all, it includes various local lore literature, as well as literature of a narrow audience orientation, in particular, educational and scientific books. The distribution of published books is also a significant problem. One of the most relevant solutions to this problem is active involvement of publishers in the modern communication space, formed both in the Internet environment and off-line, and constant direct contact with potential readers.

The phenomenon of the academic museum is studied using the typologization approach. 8 types of academic museums were distinguished by their prevalent function: museum as a Universum model, museum as a form of research organization, museum as a scientific institute’s depository, museum as an exhibit (variants: exposition based on the collections of the institute’s other departments; museum as a visit-center), museum as a means to adapt scientists to new conditions, museum as a mean to form a cultural environment, museum as realization of a self-identity function, museum as a means of fund-raising. The listed variants appeared in different periods of the Academy of Sciences’ history, but remain relevant nowadays. The tendency of museum function harmonization was noted in the first decades of the XXI century, that was facilitated by their wide interaction with other museum institutions.

The main problems in the preservation аnd research of heritage in development of museums are presented. They were discussed at the IV All-Russian (with international participation) scientific and practical conference “Modern trends in the development of museums and museum studies” held in Novosibirsk in October 2020. In the communication space of the conference the work with cultural heritage is reviewed as a modern trend in the development of Russian and world museology.

The All-Russian Conference dedicated to the 90th anniversary of Academician N.N. Pokrovsky (Institute of History SB RAS, November 9-11, 2020) became a communication platform, where the intensive intellectual work was launched to find solutions for searching scientific issues to study the Russian history, book culture, and Church history. It established and updated scientific contacts, proposed ideas for interdisciplinary projects, exchanged results of recent research, revealed new trends in the humanities’ development. More than a hundred historians, philologists, art historians, theologians from 16 cities took part in the conference.

Application of four algorithms developed for detecting optical vortices in problems of singular optics is considered. Structure of numerical models and design of corresponding computational application are described; input parameters required for the model implementation are listed. Special attention is devoted to precision of vortex coordinates and number. Depending on these characteristic, suggestions are made for possible application of the algorithms: two of them can only be used in theoretical studies, while other two can be applied in real laboratory experiments.

The 3-0 absorption band of carbon oxide and the 2 0 0 13^{- 0 0 0 01 band of carbon dioxide, confined in aerogel, were recorded using a Bruker IFS 125HR FTIR spectrometer. The parameters of spectral lines are obtained, their dependences on rotational quantum numbers are presented. The parameters we found are compared with those for the 2-0 band of carbon oxide and the 0 00 11 - 0 0 0 01 band of carbon dioxide taken from literature.}

The H₂O absorption lines broadened by air pressure were recorded in the 5900-6100 cm^-1 spectral region with the use of a Bruker IFS 125 HR spectrometer. The intensities and broadening and shift coefficients of H₂O absorption lines are retrieved for Voigt profile and modified Voigt profile which takes into account the dependence of the broadening on the speed of colliding molecules. The atmospheric transmission is calculated with use of H₂O line parameters from different versions of the HITRAN and GEISA spectroscopic databases and our new data. Model spectra are compared with atmospheric solar spectra measured with a ground-based Fourier spectrometer. It is shown that the use of our new data on H₂O absorption line parameters improves the agreement between the model and measured atmospheric spectra.

In order to study the capabilities of a turbulent lidar, an experiment was conducted using the BSE-4 system, a meteorological measuring system, and an MTP-5 temperature profiler. The profile of the structure constant of the refractive index C_n² up to an altitude of 2 km was determined using the lidar at an interval of 15 seconds. Experimental data on the intensity of dynamic turbulence when the wind increases over rough terrain are presented. Lidar operation under buoyant convection conditions allowed us to observe the movement of thermals and the formation of Cu clouds in the boundary layer. Under the conditions of cellular convection, the lidar recorded quasi-periodic oscillations of C_n² (Benard cells), which represented a stationary wave. Under stable temperature stratification, when the Richardson number was less than 1/4, the turbulent lidar detected the appearance of a Kelvin-Helmholtz wave.

Daily total precipitation amount and surface wind characteristics were retrieved for St. Petersburg and 15 stations of the Leningrad region for the period 1994-2018. Gradient boosting method was used to retrieve the precipitation data. The analysis of the data series retrieved has allowed us to ascertain the following effects of St. Petersburg megalopolis on the fields of the meteorological parameters: an increase in precipitation on the leeward side of the megalopolis and a decrease in the wind speed on the leeward side of the megalopolis and immediately at the city center. The criteria for their detection on a specific day (time) are developed; the average values of the effects are assessed.

The conditions for the formation are considered and the short-term forecast accuracy is estimated for six convective hazardous weather events or outbreaks occurred in the Urals and eastern part of European Russia in the warm period of 2020. Information on large hail, heavy rainfall, squalls, and tornadoes has been compiled from several data sources; it includes data from weather stations, damage reports, and analysis of forest cover disturbances based on Sentinel-2 satellite images. The short-term forecasts were derived by the ingredient-based approach based on GFS and GEM global atmospheric models and explicit simulation of convection using the WRF mesoscale atmospheric model.

An optical circuit is designed for the ring cavity of an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on two series-mounted active elements-mercury thiagollate crystals (HgGa₂S₄) with the radiation tunable in the near and middle infrared ranges 4.75-9.07 μm. The dependences of the radiation idle wavelength on the phase-matching angle and of the distribution of the IR OPO output radiation intensity on the idle wavelength are calculated. A possibility of narrowing the spectral width of the output radiation by introducing a dispersing element (Fabry-Perot etalon) into the cavity is considered.

We analyze the remote sensing reflectance spectra of seawater measured from the shipboard in the area of the Urals oil spill in the form of emulsion and individual films on the sea surface. The pollution was detected in the Bering Sea near Navarin Cape on August 4, 2013, during the voyage of the training ship "Professor Khljustin". In situ data from flow-through fluorometric measurements of the chlorophyll a and colored dissolved organic matter concentrations at a depth of 4 m, not influenced by contamination detected, were also used. The regression relations between remote and in situ measurements in clean and oil-polluted waters are analyzed. A preliminary version of the technique for detecting oil pollution on the sea surface, which is in emulsified form and in the form of small films of about 1 m² in area, is developed on the basis of remote measurements of the seawater spectra.

A new cavity ring-down spectrometer is designed for the near-infrared spectral region from 745 to 775 nm (12900-13400 cm^-1). A test spectrum is presented for the dioxygen rovibrational lines in a narrow spectral range near 13165 cm^-1. The sensitivity on the order of 1.7 × 10^-10 cm^-1 is attained.

Objective: to study the association of rs662799 with the development of acute cerebrovascular accident in patients with cardiovascular diseases and risk factors for their development. Material and methods. The material of the study was presented by 260 inpatient patients with acute cerebrovascular accident at the age of [57.0; 51.0-62.0] years as a comparison group, 272 patients aged [55.0; 51.0-62.0] years were examined, this is the control group of our study. According to gender, all patients in the main group were divided into 157 men and 103 women. There were 170 men and 102 women in the control group. All patients of the main group, along with routine methods of examination, were analyzed by the blood coagulation system, from instrumental methods of investigation-electrocardiography, echocardioscopy, ultrasound duplex scanning of extracranial brachiocephalic arteries, daily monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate, computed tomography of the brain. In patients of the main group, comorbid pathology was represented by the following cardiovascular diseases and risk factors: arterial hypertension (AG), paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis of brachiocephalic arteries, disorders of the hemostasis system. The control group was investigated as part of the HAPIEE international project. Molecular genetic analysis was performed by real-time PCR. Statistical processing of the material was carried out using the Excel application kit and SPSS 22. The study was performed in accordance with Good Clinical Practice standards and the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committees of all participating clinical centers. Prior to inclusion in the study, written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Results. In all analyzed groups and subgroups of patients, an association was established between the rare G allele and the increased risk of PMC. The GG genotype showed significant associations with PMK in the main patient group, in the male subgroup, and in the AG subgroup. Conclusion. The AG genotype and the G allele rs662799 increase the risk of stroke in patients regardless of previous cardiovascular pathology and risk factors, including patients with arterial hypertension, supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, atherosclerosis of the brachiocephalic arteries, impaired lipid metabolism and the hemostatic system.

This work presents the characteristics of the catalytic activity of hydroxylation of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in rat liver microsomes using plasma lipoproteins (LP) (VLDL, LDL, HDL) as transport forms of B[a]P. The aim of the study was: to study the effect of the LP-component of the LP-B[a]P complexes on the rate of B[a]P hydroxylation in rat liver microsomes. The studies were carried out on the microsomal fraction of rat liver using B[a]P as a substrate, ultracentrifugation of individual fractions of VLDL, LDL, HDL plasma, and spectrofluorimetric determination of the activity of arylhydrocarbonhydroxylase. In work on microsomes of rat liver the rate of hydroxylation of B[a]P in free form and in the form of B[a]P complexes with various fractions of LP was analyzed. The analysis showed that the arylhydrocarbonhydroxylase activity (pmol 3-OH-B[a]P in 1 min per 1 mg of protein) decreases in the complex form B[a]P with LP. So for transport form B[a]P with HDL the decrease was by 22%, for transport form B[a]P with VLDL the decrease was 30%, and for transport form B[a]P with LDL it was 52%. It should be noted that K _m for the substrate remained practically unchanged in all forms. The V _max and K _m values indicate that the LP component in complexes with B[a]P can be a noncompetitive inhibitor of B[a]P hydroxylation in rat liver microsomes.

Purpose of the study was to identify the main stereotypes of eating behavior among residents of a large industrial region of Siberia and to assess their relationship with the main factors of cardiovascular risk. Material and methods. It included 1600 people aged 35-70, permanently residing in the Kemerovo region. The sample is mainly represented by females (1124 people, men - 476 people), the average age was 54.9 ± 9.75 years and 52.6 ± 10.0 years, respectively, p < 0.001. Taking into account the differences in age between men and women, to identify gender and age characteristics, the entire sample was divided into age groups: 35-49 years old, 50-59 years old, 60-70 years old. To identify latent factors (stereotypes of eating behavior), factor analysis (principal component analysis) was used. Three stereotypes of eating behavior were identified: «fruit and vegetable», «protein-carbohydrate» and «mixed». Results. Most of the examined persons aged 35-49 adhered to the protein-carbohydrate stereotype of nutrition (40.3 % versus 25.3 % and 34.4 % of persons who adhered to the fruit-vegetable and mixed, respectively, p < 0.001). In other age groups, no statistically significant differences were found. Thus, among respondents aged 50-59, 34.0 % preferred fruit and vegetable, 33.8 % - protein-carbohydrate, 32.0 % - mixed. Among people 60-70 years old - 36.6 %, 30.4 %, 33.0 %, respectively. Adherence to a fruit and vegetable diet was associated with an increased risk of diabetes (OR = 1.27, CI: 1.2-2.2, p = 0.046) and obesity (OR = 1.57, CI: 1.27-1.96, p < 0.001), and adherence to protein-carbohydrate - with a decrease in the risk of detecting obesity (OR = 0.75, CI: 0.6-0.95, p = 0.015), DM (OR = 0.66, CI: 0.47-0.93, p = 0.018), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 0.78, CI: 0.62-0.98, p = 0.032) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 0.66, CI: 0, 52-0.83, p < 0.001). Conclusion. Among the inhabitants of a large industrial region of Siberia, it was possible to distinguish three stereotypes of nutrition: fruit-vegetable, protein-carbohydrate and mixed. Among the supporters of the mixed and protein-carbohydrate stereotype aged 35-49, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and high LDL levels were more often diagnosed in men than in women of the corresponding group. Also, hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes were more often detected in young men adhering to a fruit and vegetable stereotype of nutrition, in contrast to women in a similar group. Adherence to a fruit-vegetable dietary stereotype was associated with an increased risk of diabetes and obesity, and adherence to protein-carbohydrate - with a decrease in the risk of obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia.

The aim of the work is to study the possibilities of distinguishing between men with fatty disease of alcoholic and non-alcoholic origin using the viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes - deformation amplitude, summerized indicators of viscosity and rigidity (baseline and after exposure to ethanol in vitro) obtained using the method of erythrocyte dielectrophoresis; to determine associations of the amplitude of deformation, summerized viscosity and rigidity of erythrocytes with blood lipid levels. The study involved 54 men (44,62±1.52 years) with fatty liver disease according to ultrasound of the abdominal organs, the severity of fibrosis corresponded to 0-1 (FibroScan® 502 Echosens, France). All patients underwent a study of the viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes - the amplitude of deformation, summerized indicators of viscosity and rigidity by the dielectrophoresis method: the baseline level of indicators was determined, as well as their values after exposure of red blood cells with 10 μl of 0,0 2% ethanol solution in vitro for 300 s. The dynamics of changes in the viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes during the experiment with alcohol in patients with fatty liver disease of unknown origin made it possible to highlight two groups with diametrically opposite trends in erythrocyte indices. The group with a decrease in the amplitude of erythrocyte deformation against the background of an increase in summerized viscosity and rigidity ( n = 26) consisted mainly of patients with metabolic syndrome who do not drink or occasionally consume alcohol in low doses (less than 20 g in terms of pure ethanol). Group with increased erythrocyte deformability and decrease in summerized viscosity and rigidity ( n = 28) includes systematic alcohol consumers who were in a state of abstinence. Ethanol exposure, important energy substrate of this group, built into metabolic processes, led to an increase in the amplitude of cell deformation. Correlations of the viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes with the style of alcohol consumption, components of the metabolic syndrome, lipid profile indicators, and liver tests were established. Direct associations of the amplitude of erythrocyte deformation with the level of HDL cholesterol and inverse - with the values of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides were identified. Summarized viscosity and rigidity correlated with the levels of these lipid indicators inversely compared with the amplitude of deformation. The diagnostic accuracy of distinguishing between NAFLD and AFLD using models, including the viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes and their changes after exposure to ethanol, using Random Forest and SVM methods reached 99 %, sensitivity of 98 % and specificity of 99 %.

Background. The literature data on the frequency of cognitive complaints in cardiovascular pathology, in particular, in hypertension in young and middle-aged women in an open population, remain poorly studied to date. Objective. To examine the frequency of cognitive complaints in young and middle-aged women associated with hypertension in an open population of Novosibirsk. Methods. Using the method of questioning, we obtained information about the cognitive complaints in 546 young and middle-aged women - residents of Novosibirsk. Cognitive complaints assessed included: 1. «I don’t remember what I put where»; 2. «I don’t recognize people I know»; 3. «I find it difficult to concentrate when I read»; 4. «I am doing everything very slowly.» The analysis of contingency tables and methods of logistic regression (univariate analysis) were performed. Results. In women under the age of 45, a statistically significant association of the above cognitive complaints with hypertension was revealed; it was independent of age and educational level. Conclusion. The analysis of cognitive complaints at the young and middle-aged persons can be of great interest for the detailed development of preventive and therapeutic measures for arterial hypertension in women.

Obliterating arterial atherosclerosis of the lower limbs is from 2% to 4% in the structure of cardiovascular disease. A dangerous complication of critical lower limb ischemia is an amputation of the affected limb. Evaluation of microcirculatory channel on the lower extremities in patients with occlusal diseases is one of the most important prognostic criteria when choosing treatment tactics for this group of patients. Objective of the study was to evaluate the results of surgical treatment in patients with tibial artery occlusion depending on the number of functioning capillaries of the affected lower limb. The received results of treatment in the postoperative period for 12 months showed that all patients arriving with tibial artery occlusion with chronic lower limb ischemia stage III according to Pokrovsky - Fontein should include capillaroscopy of 1 finger of the affected lower limb in the examination algorithm for optimal choice of treatment tactics. These observations can improve the quality of medical care in hospitals of the vascular profile and reduce the number of amputations of the lower limbs in patients with tibial artery occlusion.

Purpose: To study the associations of overweight with the level of physical activity and some socio-economic factors in the young population of Novosibirsk. Material and methods. A cross-sectional survey of the young population of Novosibirsk was carried out, 697 people (45 % of men) were examined. Overweight was determined at body mass index values ≥25 <30 kg/m², obesity - ≥30 kg/m². The waist to height ratio was calculated, the value 0.5 was taken as the cut-off point. Physical activity was determined using the international self-reported physical activity questionnaire over the last 7 days (IPAQ). The screen time (a time spent in front of a TV screen and computer during working and non-working hours for the last 7 days) was estimated. A number of socio-economic factors were studied, such as education (higher, secondary and secondary vocational), marital status (married / extramarital partnership, single / divorced), employment (working, not working). Results. The prevalence of overweight in men was about twice as high as in women (36.8 % versus 21.0 %, p < 0.05), while obesity was recorded almost the same in both genders. In 53% of men and 62% of women, the frequency of physical activity did not exceed 1 time per month. The average screen time per week was 35.0 hours, without gender differences. The chances of having low physical activity were higher with increasing screen time and waist / height index. Employment also influenced weight and height parameters. In non-working people, BMI, waist circumference and waist to height ratio were significantly lower than in working people. Marital status was associated with the level of physical activity: persons in any family relationships (married / partnership) had a 1.5 times greater risk of low physical activity. Among persons with high education, significantly lower figures for waist circumference and waist / height index were revealed, and screen time was higher. Conclusion. cross-sectional survey of the young population of Novosibirsk, associations of overweight indicators with the level of physical activity and some socio-economic factors (education, marital status, employment) were revealed.

Purpose of the study. To determine the frequency of the rs9536314 (F325V) polymorphism of the KL gene and the association of this variant with a number of biochemical and anthropometric parameters in men of the study group and in the Caucasian population of Western Siberia. Materials and methods. The study group (69 men, average age 61.2 ±11.5 years) was randomly formed from a sample of persons who applied to the clinic and polyclinic of NIITPM - a branch of the ICG SB RAS and GBUZ NSO Hospital of war veterans No. 3 (178 men, aged 50-65 years old and over 80 years old). The population group was randomly selected (219 people) from the sample surveyed within the framework of the International Multicenter Project “Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in Eastern Europe” HAPIEE (9360 participants, 45-69 years old, mean age 53.8±7 years old, Caucasians > 90 %). Biochemical parameters were determined by standard enzymatic methods. Serum concentration of Klotho protein was measured by ELISA. Genomic DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction in a standard reaction mixture and further digested with TaqI B restriction enzyme. Results. The frequency of genotypes (TT, TG, and GG) and alleles (T and G) rs9536314 of the KL gene in the study group corresponds to the data in the population of Western Siberia, as well as the population of Western and Eastern Europe. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean values of the studied clinical and biochemical parameters depending on the rs9536314 genotypes of the KL gene in the study group and in the population. In the study group, the level of Klotho protein in the blood and the glomerular filtration rate in men with coronary heart disease and arterial hypertension did not differ in the autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive models for the rs9536314 KL gene. Conclusion. Thus, the frequency of the rs9536314 polymorphism of the KL gene in the study group corresponds to the frequency of the rs9536314 polymorphism of the KL gene in the Caucasian population of Western Siberia. Biochemical and anthropometric parameters, as well as the Klotho protein, do not have statistically significant differences depending on the genotypes of rs9536314 of the KL gene in the examined men.

The article analyzes the state of the problem of rapidly progressive atherosclerosis in comparison with the spontaneous or classical course of the disease. The authors have identified the most well-known factors responsible for the accelerated course of atherosclerosis and the prospects for therapeutic intervention. The analysis used data on the topic from publications over the past five years based on databases PubMed, Google Scholar и Russian Science Citation Index.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic fatty pancreatic disease (NAFPD) is 1/4-1/3 of the planet population. It has been proven that the main links in their pathogenesis are disorders of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. A high comorbidity of NAFLD and NAFPD was shown: in 67,9 % of patients with NAFPD, fatty liver was revealed, and in 96,8 % of patients with NAFLD, pancreatic steatosis was diagnosed. The prevalence of MC among NAFPD patients is 59,2-76,9 %. A meta-analysis revealed that NAFPD is associated with an increased risk of MS (relative risk (RR) = 2,25; 95 % CI 2,00-2,53; p < 0,0001), arterial hypertension (RR = 1,43; 95 % CI 1,08-1,90; p = 0,013), NAFLD (RR = 2,49; 95 % CI 2,06-3,02; p < 0,0001), diabetes mellitus 2 type (RR = 1,99; 95 % CI 1,18-3,35; p = 0,01), and obesity (RR = 1,91; 95 % CI 1,67-2,19; p < 0,0001). Concomitant MS negatively affects the clinical course of acute and chronic pancreatitis, for example, moderately severe acute pancreatitis is observed 3 times more often with MS than without MS, partly due to that I, IV and V types of hyperlipidemia are associated with acute pancreatitis. Dyslipidemia in NAFLD occurs in 60-70 % of cases and is characterized by hypertriglyceridemia, elevated level of free fatty acids and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, decreased content of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Therefore, strategies aimed at the primary prevention of dyslipidemia can help reduce morbidity and mortality in liver and pancreatic pathology associated with MS.

Aim of the study was to reveal the relationship between the performance of high-intensity physical activity and the development of endothelial dysfunction in people involved in professional sports. The development of endothelial dysfunction as one of the main markers of atherosclerotic damage to the vascular wall in athletes is an urgent problem in modern medicine in connection with the asymptomatic course and unpredictability of the development of cardiovascular complications. Material and methods. The publications on the topic of the scientific review from 2010 to 2020 were analyzed. The electronic databases of the Google Academy (https://scholar.google.ru/), UpToDate (www.uptodate.com), Oxford Medicine Online (https://oxfordmedicine.com/), PubMed (https: // pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), scientific electronic library «Cyberleninka» and foreign journals Springer (https://www.springer.com/gp), Journal of the American College of Cardiology (https: // imaging. onlinejacc.org/). Results. Recent foreign and domestic studies show a relatively high relationship between the level of physical activity and the development of coronary atherosclerosis in professional athletes. Conclusion. When performing prolonged and excessive physical exertion, trained athletes often experience oxidative stress, the presence of which causes the development of endothelial dysfunction, which from modern positions is a key link in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Further study of the mechanism of atherogenesis will contribute to the use of new diagnostic methods in predicting the disease at an early stage and treating it, thus preserving the health of an athlete.

Stem cells are the basis for the creation of tissue-engineered structures in regenerative medicine. The most well-studied sources of stem cells are the embryo and bone marrow. The use of embryonic cells is associated with ethical problems, and the collection of bone marrow is accompanied by invasive procedures. Using adipose tissue as a source of stem cells avoids these problems. But the collection of adipose tissue requires additional interventions, which does not exclude the occurrence of cosmetic defects. Aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from the infrapatellar (Hoffa’s) fat pad. Material and methods. As a source of MSCs, tissue samples of Hoffa’s fat pad removed during the operation were used (8 cases), as a control - MSCs isolated from human adipose tissue (6 cases). MSCs were isolated using an enzymatic method. At the 3rd passage, phenotyping with specific antibodies against CD34, CD45, CD73, CD90, CD105 was performed by flow cytometry. Differentiation in the chondro- and osteogenic direction was carried out at the 3rd passage with the appropriate differentiation media. Chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by staining with alcian blue, osteogenic - staining according to von Kossa. Results and discussion. Statistically significant decrease in CD105 expression, increase in CD73, CD34 expression and lack of adequate differentiation under standard conditions of differentiation media by MSCs isolated from the Hoffa’s fat pad compared to control was found. The data obtained indicate a discrepancy between the cells isolated from the Hoffa’s fat pad and the requirements for MSCs. Conclusion. The infrapatellar (Hoffa’s) fat pad cannot be used as a source of standardized MSCs.

Cardiac arrhythmias are complications of many cardiovascular diseases. They quite often acquire an unpredictable course and can result in the death. According to epidemiology data, heart rhythm disorders lead to the sudden death of about 200 thousand people in the Russian Federation annually. Sudden cardiac death overtakes about 400 thousand outpatients and hospital patients in the USA and about 280 thousand patients in Europe. The unpredictability of the occurrence and the transience of cardiac arrhythmias require urgent measures, including both non-pharmacological (electrical pacing, electrical shock therapy) and pharmacotherapeutic methods of treatment. This review is devoted to the study of the clinical features of the lidocaine infusions in patients with ventricular arrhythmias caused by an increase of the conducting cardiomyocytes automatism. The article presents the results of comparative effectiveness and safety studies of lidocaine prescribed for the treatment of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation (in the absence of the effect of electro-impulse therapy). Lidocaine is compared with other antiarrhythmic drugs such as amiodarone, sotalol, bretylium tosylate and procainamide. Recommendations of ILCOR (International Committee for Interaction in the Field of Resuscitation), AHA (American Cardiology Association), ECS (European Cardiology Society) and European Society for Resuscitation for the treatment of refractory forms of ventricular arrhythmias and ventricular fibrillation are also discussed.

There are different diagnostic methods that used for localization of the seizure onset zone in focal refractory epilepsy cases. Invasive video-EEG recording is the «gold standard» in determining the epileptogenic zone among other diagnostic methods. Invasive EEG already has a long history of using. This article provides historical review and analysis of the techniques, their advantages and disadvantages, current issues.

This article reviews literature data on the activity of the central and peripheral dopaminergic systems, as well as its relationship with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid systems. Studies have shown that dopamine levels vary depending on the territory of residence, while the data on the age dynamics of the plasma dopamine level contradict each other, which does not allow an unambiguous conclusion about a decrease or increase in its level with age. Most studies focus on the functions of dopamine in the central nervous system. Symptoms of several brain diseases, including schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders and depression, are alleviated by the pharmacological modulation of dopamine transmission. However, there is evidence of a functional role of peripheral dopamine. While dopamine of the central dopaminergic system inhibits the secretion of thyrotropin, dopamine synthesized by sympathoadrenal nerve cells, heparinocytes, and thyroid parafollicular cells on the periphery stimulates the formation and release of iodothyronines. The neuroprotective effects of sex steroids determine the prevalence of studies of their role in preservation and maintaining the activity of the dopaminergic system. The dopaminergic system also affects the levels of sex hormones, enhancing aromatase activity, inhibiting the synthesis or secretion of prolactin, regulating the levels of gonadotropins and steroidogenesis in Leydig cells. The peripheral and central dopamine systems are sensitive to environmental influences, which indicate the relationship between the peripheral and central links.

Data on the anatomy of human heart valves is of a great importance for cardiac surgery, X-ray and ultrasound diagnostics, and additive technologies in bioengineering. This review analyzed Russian and English-written papers and presented contradictions of terminology, macroscopic and microscopic structure, topography of the normal pulmonary valve. The article compared such terms as «pulmonary valve» and «pulmonary root», the approaches of different scientific sources for naming the sinuses and leaflets and analyzed constituents of the pulmonary valve complex. Pulmonary root appeared us to be a distinct structure that includes the distal part of right ventricular outlet and proximal part of the pulmonary trunk. Interleaflet triangles and valvular commissures as well as semilunar leaflets and sinuses of Valsalva are thought to be parts of pulmonary valve complex. According to modern concepts, interleaflet triangles and valvular commissures are not the same and should be distinguished. The mouth of the pulmonary root is not surrounded with planar fibrous ring which anybody could reveal by dissection or histology technics, so the “fibrous ring” of the pulmonary artery is nothing more than an anatomical myth. The paper cited morphometrical data on the perimeter, valve diameters, sizes of semilunar leaflets and sinuses, revealed various models of regression and correlation between the size of the valve and body parameters. We summarized data on cell and fiber architectonics of the valve. Terminological and morphometric consensus in heart valves anatomy is the mandatory step on the way to the evidence-based morphology.

Understanding the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in eustress (redox balance) and distress (oxidative stress) development poses new challenges for biomedical scientists and pharmacologists in the search for compounds that can not only have a direct antioxidant (antiradical) effect, but also affect redox-sensitive signaling pathways, primarily Keap1/Nrf2/ARE system. Aim of the study was to investigate the influence of novel water-soluble structurally related monophenols on key elements of Keap1/Nrf2/ARE system induction (activity of Nrf2-driven enzymes, the state of the glutathione system, and intracellular redistribution of transcription factor Nrf2). Material and methods. Five original hydrophilic structurally related monophenols, differing in the number of tert-butyl ortho-substituents, the length of the para-alkyl substituent, and the presence of a divalent sulfur or selenium atom in it were investigated (phenoxane, the potassium salt of phenosan acid, was used as a reference compound). Cell lines U937 and J774 were cultured for 24 h in the presence of tested compounds, and comparative analysis was performed of its ability to induce the synthesis of Nrf2-driven enzymes of phase II xenobiotic detoxification pathway and antioxidant enzymes (NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), glutathione S-transferases (GST), glutathione peroxidases, glutathione reductase (biochemical spectrophotometric methods were used to study their activity), as well as to influence the state of glutathione system (spectrophotometry) and translocation of transcription factor Nrf2 into the nucleus (immunofluorescent staining, confocal microscopy) (key events of Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling system activation). Results and discussion. Monophenol TS-13 have found to be the most effective inducer of tested enzymes in U937 cells among the structural analogs, while the structure of the para-alkyl substituent and the degree of OH group hindrance are important for the implementation of this effect; TS-13 also effectively enhanced Nrf2 import into J774 cell nucleus. The NQO1- and GST-inducing abilities of structurally related monophenols are closely interrelated, which indicates the possibility of coordinated induction of these enzymes and the presence of a common regulatory system that ensures their activation in response to cell treatment with phenolic antioxidants.

Natural ores contain a large number of harmful components for human health. Workers of mining and processing enterprises, who have long-term contact with these natural elements, are often diagnosed with anemia, that pathogenesis is not sufficiently studied. Aim of the study was to detail the mechanisms of rats’ erythron disorders in the long-term intoxication by natural complex of heavy metal compounds of copper-zinc pyrite ore. Material and methods. The work was performed on 60 white non-linear male rats aged 3-4 months weighing 220,52 ± 15,51 g. The experimental group of animals ( n = 40) were injected orally with water suspension of copper-zinc powder in a bread crumb an hour before standard feeding during 75-120 days. The blood and bone marrow of experimental groups of rats were carried out on the 75-th, 90-th, 105-th and 120-th days of the experiment. The blood and bone marrow of rats’ control groups were studied on the 75-th and 105-th day. The central part of erythron was assessed by the number and composition of the erythroblastic islets (EI) of bone marrow, the number of free macrophages, the coefficients of involvement of colony-forming units of red blood cells (CFU-E) and macrophages into erythropoiesis. Results. In the peripheral blood of experimental rats the number of red blood cells and the content of hemoglobin were reliably less than the control values on the 90-th and 120-th day, the number of reticulocytes was exceeded the control group on the 75-th, 105-th and 120-th day. In the bone marrow of experimental rats there were only a single EI1 and EI2 classes of maturity. Throughout the experiment, the content of free macrophages and EI with reticulocytes «crown» in the bone marrow of rats was elevated, and the concentration of iron and erythropoietin in the blood, on the contrary, was reduced. The intensity of CFU-E involvement in the erythropoiesis was less than the control level by 2 times on 105th and 120th days of the experiment. Conclusion. With long-term introduction of copper-zinc pyrite ore in the bone marrow of rats the process of formation of EI de novo is suppressed by destabilizing the contact of free bone macrophages with young red blood cells. There is reduces in the content of serum erythropoietin and bound iron, that combines with the change of erythropoiesis nature, leads to decreasing of the number of mature red blood cells and content of hemoglobin in the peripheral blood.

According to current epidemiological studies, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) develops in only 15-20 % of smokers. This suggests that exposure to tobacco smoke is just a trigger of the pathological process, and other pathophysiological factors play a key role in the development of COPD. The aim of the study was to perform morphological analysis of bronchial mucosa features in smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Material and research methods. Morphological and electron-microscopic analysis of biopsy samples of the bronchial mucosa of smoking patients with ( n = 40) and without ( n = 30) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was carried out. Тhe study involved men (80.2 % of men) and women aged 42 to 67 years (62.3 ± 2.24 years) with smoking experience of more than 20 years and smoking intensity of 20-45 pack-years. In the main group was a verified diagnosis of COPD. All patients of the studied groups underwent morphological, morphometric counting of bulk densities of various types of epithelial cells and structures of their lamina propria of the bronchial mucosa, as well as the density of inflammatory infiltrate and various cell populations, immunohistochemical (typing of CD4- and CD8-positive lymphocytes, expression of transforming growth factor β1 receptors) and electron microscopic analysis of bronchobioptates. Results and discussion. Smokers without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease develop exudative inflammation, which does not violate the structural architectonics of the epithelial layer, but causes activation of protein-synthetic and energy processes in the epithelial cells of the bronchial wall. With prolonged exposure to tobacco smoke associated with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic neutrophilic inflammation forms in the bronchial mucosa, leading to a violation of the functional morphology of the vessels and epithelial cells of the bronchial mucosa, followed by remodeling of the bronchial wall.

The development of algorithms for predicting adverse outcomes, including death in elderly and senile patients, is an urgent issue. Potential predictors include hematologic parameters. A clinical blood test is one of the most affordable diagnostic methods in practical medicine, reflecting systemic pathological processes in the human body based on a quantitative assessment of the cellular composition and blood morphology. The aim of this study was to evaluate hematological parameters as predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients of the elderly and senile age with acute coronary syndrome. Material and methods. The study included 277 patients with acute coronary syndrome. The study of hematological parameters was carried out on a CELL-DYN Sapphire hematology analyzer (Abbott Laboratories, USA). The values of neutrophil-lymphocytes ratio and platelet-lymphocytes ratio were also evaluated as predictors of in-hospital mortality. Results. High content of leukocytes (above 10.45 × 10⁹/l) during hospitalization in patients with ACS aged 60-74 years are associated with a higher risk of death at the hospital stage. Among patients with ACS aged 75-89 years, the risk of death is associated with the following changes in peripheral blood upon admission: a decrease in the absolute number of eosinophils below 0.086 × 10⁹/l, an increase in the absolute number of basophils above 0.079 × 10⁹/l and a decrease in platelet-lymphocytes ratio below 31.06.

Purpose of the study was to investigate the features of the occurrence of risk factors in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated with arterial hypertension, overweight and obesity. Material and methods. The object of the study was the data of 14 393 case histories of patients with arterial hypertension (AH), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NFLD), overweight body (OB) and obesity, examined and treated at the clinic of the Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine (Novosibirsk). Results and discussion. Features of biochemical parameters in patients with NFLD with AH, OB and obesity were studied in comparison with patients with isolated diseases. It was shown that in patients, in case of the presence of this comorbidity, the value of transsystem polymorbidity is statistically significantly increased compared with groups of patients with isolated diseases. It was established that patients with concomitant diseases have higher, statistically significant values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index. They have higher concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, uric acid in the blood serum, higher atherogenic index. A study of the frequency of occurrence of risk factors in the groups showed the highest frequency values in patients with associated diseases: high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypoalphacholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, increased atherogenic index, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, the higher levels of C-reactive protein, which indicates that with associated pathology, changes in carbohydrate, lipid and purine metabolism are more pronounced. These changes are factors that aggravate the course of the pathology and are risk factors for the development of diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis and associated conditions, which requires a personalized approach to the treatment and prevention of this category of patients. The results of this study can form the basis for the development of new medical technology for assessing the severity of condition in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease combined with arterial hypertension, overweight and obesity.