K.G. Gribanov1, I.V. Zadvornykh1, V.I. Zakharov1,2 1Institute of Natural Sciences, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia 2N.N. Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
Keywords: атмосфера, спутниковое зондирование, IASI, изотопологи углекислого газа, atmosphere, satellite remote sensing, IASI, carbon dioxide isotopologues
The feasibility of developing a method for retrieval of the relative content of 13СО2/12СО2 in the atmosphere as a result of solving the inverse problem of satellite sounding of the atmosphere in the thermal infrared range with IASI spectrometers has been studied. In the model experiment, synthetic spectra were used with resolution and noise level characteristic of an improved version of the IASI-NG spectrometer. In computational experiments, it was shown that the vertical profiles of the 13CO2 concentration and the relative 13CO2/12CO2 content in the atmosphere are quite satisfactorily retrieved in the troposphere for the altitude range 2-11 km, which seems promising for future applications of the method suggested.
I.N. Smalikho
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: когерентный доплеровский лидар, коническое сканирование, ветер, турбулентность, coherent Doppler lidar, conical scanning, wind, turbulence
Using the Taylor’s hypothesis of “frozen" turbulence, the technique suggested in [Smalikho I.N., Banakh V.A. Measurements of wind turbulence parameters by a conically scanning coherent Doppler lidar in the atmospheric boundary layer // Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 2017. V. 10, N 11. P. 4191-4208] is improved. In contrast to the previously applied approach, the technique improved provides for unbiased estimates of the dissipation rate for arbitrary values of the ratio of the average wind speed to the linear speed of the conical scan. Based on the results of theoretical calculations, the conditions are determined under which it is not necessary to take into account the wind transfer of turbulent inhomogeneities when estimating the dissipation rate from measurements by conically scanning pulsed coherent Doppler lidars.
T.A. Mikhailova1, E.A. Kashchaeva2, K.S. Masharov2, E.A. Buraeva1, Yu.V. Popov3, I.A. Verbenko1 1Research Institute of Physics, Rostov-on-Don, Russia 2Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia 3Institute for Earth Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Keywords: аэрозоли, радионуклиды, тяжелые металлы, aerosols, radionuclides, heavy metals
We present the results of the study of the radionuclide composition of atmospheric aerosols and seasonal behavior of pollutants in the surface air layer in Rostov-on-Don, located in the steppe zone. The data were obtained from the study of atmospheric aerosol samples taken in 2001-2009. The bulk activity of radionuclides was measured using the gamma-spectrometric radionuclide analysis. It is shown that the seasonal behavior of radionuclides in the atmosphere shows spring-summer maxima and autumn-winter minima in their bulk activity. This behavior is caused by changes in weather parameters. According to the index of atmospheric pollution with radionuclides, it is shown that the highest degree of radiation hazard for the city is associated with the product of 222Rn-210Pb decay. The special significance of 137Cs as a potentially dangerous radionuclide in the event of a major nuclear accident is noted.
The dust deposition to the snow cover in the city of Nizhnevartovsk is assessed. It is shown that background concentration of particles in the snow averages 12.0 mg/l, which 4 times exceeds the values of the reference non-polluted territories. This difference may be caused by oil production facilities. The snow in the urban area is highly enriched with dust particles. The deposition fluxes in the city of Nizhnevartovsk is 7.5 times higher than in background sites. It is found that dust deposition causes intense alkalinization. The results are compared with the spectral properties of snow. Snow indices (normalized difference index, normalized index, and pollution index) are calculated using Landsat-8 OLI data. Snow indices are consistent with the results of ground-based studies and can be used to assess the level of anthropogenic pollution. It is concluded that the optimal way to estimate the amount of dust deposition is to use the normalized snow index; and to assess alcalinization, to use the snow pollution index.
V.V. Bychkov, I.N. Seredkin
Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio Wave Propagation of the Far-Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Kamchatka region, Elizovskiy district, Paratunka, Russia
Keywords: атмосфера, ионосфера, лидар, зондирование, рассеяние, atmosphere, ionosphere, lidar, sounding, scattering
The results of dual-frequency lidar sensing of the atmosphere at the Kamchatka lidar station (52°58¢17¢¢ N, 158°15¢07¢¢ E) are presented. The scattering signals were recorded in the altitude range 25-600 km. Lasers with radiation at wavelengths of 532.08 nm and 561.106 nm were used. The aerosol formation in the middle atmosphere and resonance scattering by excited atomic nitrogen and oxygen ions in the upper atmosphere were researched. Pronounced light-scattering layers were found at altitudes of 200-400 km. Their appearance is due to the presence of excited states of atomic oxygen and nitrogen ions. The difference in signal values at two wavelengths is discussed. A signal generation mechanism is proposed, and signal values at different wavelengths are estimated.
S.L. Odintsov1,2, V.A. Gladkikh1, A.P. Kamardin1, I.V. Nevzorova1 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia 2National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: инверсия температуры, пограничный слой атмосферы, содар, температурный профилемер, турбулентный теплообмен, ультразвуковой анемометр-термометр, temperature inversion, atmospheric boundary layer, sodar, temperature profilometer, turbulent heat exchange, sonic anemometer/thermometer
The height of the zone of intense turbulent heat exchange in the atmospheric boundary layer is analyzed from experimental data obtained with acoustic meteorological lidars (sodars), temperature profilometers, and sonic anemometers/thermometers. The main purpose of the work is to study the turbulent heat exchange under conditions of temperature inversions in the winter season. The results obtained at a territory with natural landscape and an urban territory in January - February 2020 are considered. Part 1 of the work describes the technique used to obtain experimental data and the statistics of temperature inversions in the boundary layer and heights of the layer of intense turbulent heat exchange. The relation of these heights and the corresponding air temperature gradients to the surface values of the wind speed and the vertical turbulent heat flux are analyzed in Part 2.
V. Ts. Lygdenov1, V. V. Syzrantsev2, S. P. Bardakhanov3, L. Enkhtor4, N. Tuvzhargal3, E. A. Paukshtis5, T. V. Larina5 1Buryat State University, Ulan-Ude, 670000, Russia 2Institute of Physical Materials Science, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, 670031, Russia 3Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 4National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 14201, Mongolia 5Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: лакокрасочное покрытие, наноразмерный диоксид кремния, прочность на истирание, модуль упругости, твердость, paint-and-lacquer coating, nanosized silicon dioxide, abrasion resistance, elastic modulus, hardness
Effect of nanosized silicon dioxide on mechanical properties, texture, and structure of a polymer paint-and-lacquer coating made of gray KhV-16 enamel based on perchlorovinyl and glyphthalic resins is studied. It is established that the abrasion strength, hardness, and elastic modulus are larger than in the case of the original coating. Various methods are used to analyze the structure of the resulting samples of paint-and-lacquer coatings. It is established that the structure changes and the mechanical properties of the coatings improve because of the formation of new structure-forming centers in the composite coating due to the addition of nanosized silicon dioxide.
G. I. VYSOCHINA
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Rheum L. genus, flavonoids, siberian species R. compactum L, R. undulatum L. (syn. R. rhabarbarum L.)
Pages: 435-442
The species of Rheum L. genus (rhubarb) have long attracted the attention of researchers as possible sources of drugs for various purposes. Mostly the underground organs of plants were studied since the main attention was paid to a group of substances specific to the species of this genus - anthraquinones and anthrons that exhibited multiple biological activity. Insufficient attention was given to the study of aboveground organs, while flowers and leaves are a valuable source of flavonoids, an equally important group of biologically active substances. Rhubarb growing both in nature and in culture in the forest-steppe region of West Siberia is characterized by a high content of flavonoids. It was found that during the period of mass flowering of wild plants from the regions of Siberia, the content of flavonoids varies within the limits for Rheum compactum 3.87-10.06 % (in flowers), 1.17-5.16 % (in leaves), for Rheum undulatum (syn. R. rhabarbarum ) 5.04-9.62 % (in flowers), 2.00-7.57 % (in leaves) per the mass of absolutely dry raw materials. In culture, R. compactum and R. undulatum retain their ability to synthesize flavonoids. Their content in the flowers of R. compactum reaches 7.68 %, in the leaves - 4.27 %, in R. undulatum , respectively, 9.43 and 4.95 %. For 10 individual R. undulatum plants , the flavonoid content is in the range 3.53-9.43 % (flowers) and 2.25-4.95 % (leaves), the variation coefficients are 35 and 24 %, respectively, which is a favourable factor for the selection of highly productive rhubarb forms. When introduced into the Novosibirsk region, all 15 tested rhubarb species, regardless of the origin of the seeds, showed the ability to synthesize a large number of flavonoids, especially in flowers, which indicates that its cultivation on an industrial scale is promising. The representatives of the Rhapontica and Palmata sections are particularly responsive to cultural conditions.
YU. A. ZAKHAROV1, G. YU. SIMENYUK1, V. G. DODONOV2, N. V. IVANOVA2, A. A. LOBANOV2, T. O. TROSNYANSKAYA1, Z. R. ISMAGILOV1 1Federal Research Centre of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russia 2Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russia
Keywords: nanostructured composites, carbon nanotubes, bimetallic systems, supercapacitors, electrical capacitance
Pages: 443-452
For the first time, nanocomposites based on non-ozonized and ozonized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were obtained, with the outer and channel surfaces covered with nanosized crystallites of PtFe and PtCo bimetallic systems. The character of electrode Red-Ox processes taking place in a potential window from -1 to +1 V was established; electrochemical (energy storage) properties of nanocomposites in asymmetric two-electrode model cells of supercapacitors was studied. It was established that with an increase in the content of bimetallic phase up to 5 mass % in the composites, the electrode capacitance increases by a factor of 1.3-1.5 in comparison with initial nanotubes, which is explained by the formation of a pseudo-capacitive component due to the high-rate electrode Red-Ox processes involving intermetallic PtM.
G. R. KARAGEDOV1, R. A. SHUTILOV2 1Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: carbon nanotubes, boron carbide, ceramics
Pages: 453-459
Boron carbide powders were ground in a planetary ball mill, and the mixtures of various size fractions were compacted by uniaxial dry pressing. A green density of 75% of the theoretical was achieved. Upon infiltrating B4C framework with molten silicon, a non-porous composite is formed with a density of 2.45-2.55 g/cm3 and hardness of 22-27 GPa. As a result of the introduction of 1-5 % MWCNT (multi-walled carbon nanotubes), the green density of the compacts decreases, however, the strength of the infiltrated material increases significantly. The effect is due to the formation of platelike SiC crystals as a result of the interaction of nanotubes with silicon.
E. A. KARPOVA, T. D. FERSHALOVA, A. A. PETRUK
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: low-temperature stress, chlorophyll (a + b), carotenoids, anthocyanins, isoquercitrin
Pages: 460-471
Begonia grandis is a unique representative of the genus Begonia inhabiting the temperate zone. The mechanisms of adaptation of this plant to low temperatures, in particular under the influence of physiologically active substances, are of great interest. The effects of the product of straw processing, ecotol, on the dynamics of the parameters of physiological state of Begonia grandis plants introduced in West Siberia (Novosibirsk), in a greenhouse and at an open ground were studied during air temperature drops at the end of the growing season. The concentrations of chlorophylls a and b , carotenoids, anthocyanins, flavones (luteolin, orientin) and flavonols (quercetin, kaempferol, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, and astragalin) were determined, and the ratios chlorophyll a / b , chlorophyll ( a + b )/carotenoids, chlorophyll ( a + b )/anthocyanins) in the leaves were calculated. With a decrease in the diurnal temperature to 10 oC and a short-term drop to negative temperatures, the open-ground plants treated with ecotol retained a higher proportion of the leaves (59.9% of their initial number) compared to the control ones (5.8 %), and the concentrations of chlorophyll and antioxidants (carotenoids, anthocyanins, isoquercitrin) in them was more significant (up to 3.1, 1.2, 12.8 and 11.2 mg/g, respectively) than in the leaves of control plants (up to 1.4; 0.5; 1.8 and 7.0 mg/g). The properties of ecotol as a complex stimulator of plant resistance were confirmed. Under low-temperature stress, it provided a higher physiological state of B. grandis plants during their transition to dormancy.
I. R. SAFAROVA
Institute of Petrochemical Processes named after Academician Yu. G. Mamedaliyev Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
Keywords: hydroxybenzoic acids, parabens, aromatic acid esters, phenolic acids
Pages: 472-479
The review of the results of scientific research in the field of obtaining and studying the properties of hydroxybenzoic acids and their esters is presented. The main representatives of this class of organic compounds, in particular, o - and p -hydroxybenzoic acids and their alkyl and cycloalkyl esters are considered. It is known that p -hydroxybenzoic acid is present in many organisms and acts as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of a number of other compounds. Its esters are used as preservatives in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. It occurs in nature both in the free form and in the form of derivatives. Salicylic acid has a bactericidal effect, its salts and esters are often used in medicine and veterinary medicine as drugs. It is reported that these compounds have high antimicrobial and antifungal activity against various microorganisms and fungi. The representatives of hydroxybenzoic acid esters are widely used in medical practice as bacteriostats. The main methods for the synthesis of hydroxybenzoic acids and their derivatives, in particular esters, salts and nitrogen-containing derivatives, are shown. It was stressed that o - and p -hydroxybenzoic acid esters are usually obtained from phenol in two stages according to the classical scheme: carboxylation of phenol with the introduction of a COOH group, and subsequent esterification with alcohols under the conditions of acid catalysis. The results of the author's own research are presented, in particular, the addition reactions of benzoic acid to polycycloolefin hydrocarbons were carried out, and the corresponding esters were obtained in a high yield. The influence of various reaction parameters on the yield of the target product was studied.
M. A. SEITZHANOVA1, S. A. YASHNIK2, Z. R. ISMAGILOV3, S. R. KHAIRULIN2, Z. A. MANSUROV1,4, A. A. MONTAYEVA5 1Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan 2Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 3Federal Research Centre of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russia 4Institute of Combusion Problems, Almaty, Kazakhstan 5School-Gymnasium No. 136 named after M. Dulatov, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Keywords: graphene, graphene oxide, rice husks, membrane, IR spectroscopy
Pages: 480-486
Graphene membranes were manufactured for the purpose of developing efficient materials for the membrane technologies of water freshening. Investigation of the nature of their functional groups was carried out by means of IR spectroscopy. Graphene membranes were obtained using two methods: 1) vacuum filtration; 2) immersion precipitation. Graphene materials used in the study were graphene oxide (a commercial sample) and graphene (a laboratory sample obtained by means of stepwise carbonization of rice husks). The data of the FTIR spectra of diffuse reflection (DRIFT) from membranes manufactured using graphene point to the low defect content in its single-layer graphite structure, while membranes based on graphene oxide contain not only graphene layers but also amorphous carbon with sp 3-hybridized atoms and oxygen-containing functional groups (mainly carboxylic and phenolic). The tests of the membranes were carried out with respect to the efficiency of filtration of salt-containing solutions (NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaSO4 и MgSO4) and salt removal. Analysis of desalinated solutions by means of atomic absorption flame emission spectrophotometry showed that purification efficiency was 74-80 % for membranes obtained by means of vacuum filtration.
S. S. SHATSKAYA1, A. Y. KRASOVSKAYA2, I. V. STOROZHKO2, E. A. UDALTSOV2 1Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: heavy metals, ecotoxicants, accumulation, migration in the soil
Pages: 487-493
This work deals with the study of the problem of soil contamination with heavy metals in a large city. The content of mobile forms of heavy metals was determined in the soils of the industrial zone in the Kirovskiy region of Novosibirsk at the territory affected by the metallurgical enterprise - Novosibirsk tin plant. Chemical analysis was performed by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic absorption. It is shown that the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) of the following heavy metals are exceeded in the samples under analysis: Cr, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu. With an increase in the distance from the plant, the content of heavy metals decreases, but the permissible concentrations are exceeded even in the area of natural parkland. To calculate the accumulation of the mobile forms of heavy metals in the soil of the industrial zone near the plant, the MPC value for As was accepted to be equal to the maximum permissible excess (MPE). The sequence of accumulation of the mobile forms of heavy metals in the soil of industrial zone near the plant was formed according to the calculated concentration coefficients: Cr < Ni < Zn < Pb < Cu < As. The category of soil contamination is characterized according to the total pollution index as dangerous.
A. V. MOROZOVA, G. I. VOLKOVA
Institute of Petroleum Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: petroleum resins, ultrasound, viscosity, crystallization, pour point
Pages: 494-500
Complications in the technological processes of hydrocarbon transport (an increase in viscosity, the loss of fluidity, the formation of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits on the surface of the equipment) arising with a decrease in the temperature of the feed stream cause an increase in energy consumption and reduce the efficiency of petroleum transportation. During the recent decade, the physical methods and their combinations with chemical methods allowing a substantial improvement of the structural-mechanical characteristics of problematic oil have been under active development. One of these methods is ultrasonic treatment. The effect of ultrasonic treatment and the addition of petroleum resins on the viscosity, temperature and energy-related parameters of a 6 mass % solution of petroleum paraffin in decane (PP-d) simulating a high-paraffin petroleum system was investigated. Ultrasonic treatment (field frequency 22 kHz, intensity 18 W/cm2, duration 10 min) of the PP-d solution stimulates the crystallization of the molecules of petroleum paraffin after the treatment, which causes an increase in viscosity, pour point temperature and the amount of paraffin deposits. The introduction of benzene and benzene-alcohol resins extracted from highly resinous petroleum into the PP-d solution suppresses the crystallization of petroleum paraffin molecules thus promoting a decrease in viscosity and temperature characteristics, the activation energy of viscous flow, the specific fracture energy of the disperse system, the amount of paraffin deposits, changes in the shape and structure of petroleum paraffin crystals. It is demonstrated that alcohol-benzene resins containing a larger amount of heteroatomic functional groups and longer alkyl substituents in aromatic and naphthene cycles are the best depressants of viscosity and pour point. The formation of deposits in the solution under investigation is stronger inhibited by benzene resins containing a larger amount of aromatic structures.
I. A. FEDOROV, L. V. TASKINA
Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chita, Russia
Keywords: lakes, humic acids, migration forms, thermodynamic calculations
Pages: 501-512
Results of the quantitative chemical analysis of waters in the lakes of the Onon-Borzya, Ingoda, Torey and Ivano-Arakhley limnic systems in Eastern Transbaikalia are systematized and analyzed. The content of humic acids in the waters under investigation was determined to vary within a broad range. Statistical interrelations between the determined concentrations of humic acids and the major physicochemical parameters of the medium were established. An increase in the concentrations of humic acids and fulvic acids is observed with an increase in pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand, the content of carbonate, sulphate, nitrate ions, sodium and total phosphorus, while a decrease is observed with an increase in the redox potential (Eh). Taking into account the chemical composition of waters, thermodynamic calculations were carried out using MINTEQ software, and the major migration forms of humic acids were determined. It was revealed that humic and fulvic acids are present in lake water mainly in the anion and molecular forms, and in compounds with calcium and magnesium ions. The application of the Stockholm Humic Model (SHM) in thermodynamic calculations allowed us to establish the formation of the complexes of humic acids of different denticity with other metals, however, their content is insignificant for each element separately in comparison with the other forms of migration of the organic matter. Definite dependencies were demonstrated between migration forms and the characteristics of the environment. Molecular and anion forms of humic acids exhibit multidirectional correlations with TDS and pH. An increase in Eh of the system leads to inverse correlations with the molecular and anion forms in comparison with рН and TDS. It is stressed that all the established dependencies are interrelated with the properties of humic acids and their compounds with metals, mineralization and humification of organic substances, the formation of secondary minerals, and the types of studied waters.
D. I. MUSTAFIN1, M. D. SANATKO2 1D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia 2Medical and diagnostic center of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: Education and science for Sustainable development, sustainable development goals, UN
Pages: 513-517
XII All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference "Education and Science for Sustainable Development" dedicated to the Decade of actions to achieve the goals of sustainable development was held on April 21-23, 2020, at the D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia. Due to the difficult conditions caused by the present pandemic of coronavirus, the conference was held in on-line format for the first time during the recent 12 years. More than 150 persons representing 15 organizations from many regions of the Russian Federation participated in the conference. The representatives of all levels from Bachelor, Master and Post-Graduate students to worldwide known scientists were among the participants. The scope of reports provides evidence of an increase in the positive effect of various areas of chemistry on sustainable development and proves the priorities of green chemistry.
Aim: To assess predictors of progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in men with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) based on long-term (5 years) follow-up. Materials and methods. The prospective study included 111 men who were hospitalized for planned CABG using cardiopulmonary bypass. All patients in the preoperative period underwent the following procedures: color duplex scanning (CDS) of the brachiocephalic arteries (BCA), multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) coronary angiography to assess the degree of CAC using the Agatson method (calculation of the coronary artery calcium score - CAC) and estimation of femoral neck bone mineral density with the T-score calculation. The vital status of patients was ascertained after 3-5 years of follow-up after CABG, CDS of the BCA and MSCT-coronary angiography were repeated. To identify the most significant clinical and anamnestic risk factors and form a model of predictors of CAC progression, patients were divided into two groups depending on the high increase in CAC score (an increase in the score of more than 100 Agatston units (AU). Results. 16 (14.4 %) out of 111 patients failed to establish contact for the next stage of the study. In 4 (3.6%) cases death was registered (3 - fatal myocardial infarction, 1 - fatal stroke). The CAC progression was assessed in 91 patients (81.9 %). Patients who showed signs of CAC progression comprised a group of 60 (65.9 %) patients; without CAC progression - 31 (34.1 %) patients. The “end points” in the groups were comparable and were detected in 18 cases (19.7 %): recurrent angina in 16 patients ( p = 0.368), non-fatal myocardial infarction in 1 ( p = 0.162) and 1 emergency stenting ( р = 0,162) of the coronary artery that was not subjected to CABG. The five-year risk model for CAC progression included an initial decrease in femoral neck bone mineral density and nonadherence to statins for 5 years after CABG ( p = 0.001). Conclusions. 65.9 % of men with stable CHD showed the signs of CAC progression for 5 years after CABG, according to MSCT. The main predictors were: nonadherence to statins after CABG and initial low femoral neck bone mineral density.
Aim of the study was to investigate the features of the subpopulation composition of circulating NK and NKT cells and their diagnostic value in middle-aged patients, depending on the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis of lower limb arteries. Material and methods. The study included 80 patients (44 men (55.0 %) and 36 women (45.0 %)), whose age was 49.0 (44.0; 56.0) years. All patients underwent duplex ultrasound scanning (DUS) of the arteries of the lower extremities. Lymphocyte immunophenotyping was performed on a Navios 6/2 flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, USA) using labeled mouse monoclonal antibodies CD45-PC7.0, CD16-PE, CD11b-FITC, CD4-APC, CD8-PC5.5, CD3-ECD manufactured by Beckman Coulter, USA. Results. According to the results of the DUS of the arteries of the lower extremities, the patients were divided into two groups: the first group included 46 (57.5 %) patients with lower extremity artery atherosclerosis, the second group included 34 (42.5 %) patients without plaques in lower extremity artery. Patients of first group had significantly higher, than patients of second group, number of circulating NK cells and lower number of CD4+CD11b+ NK cells. The decrease in the CD4+CD11b+ NK cell number ≤16.5 cells/μl allowed to diagnose lower extremity artery atherosclerosis with a sensitivity of 80.0 % and a specificity of 58.8 %. According to logistic regression analysis, a decrease in the number of CD4+CD11b+ NK cells ≤16.5 cells/μl was associated with a odds ratio of lower extremity artery atherosclerosis 5.71 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.44-22.6; p = 0.013). Conclusion. Compared with the control group, patients with lower extremity artery atherosclerosis differed in a statistically significantly larger number of circulating NK cells and a smaller number of CD4+CD11b+ NK cells. The decrease in the number of latter ≤16.5 cells/μl allowed to diagnose lower extremity artery atherosclerosis with a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 58.8 %.
Objective of the study was to investigate the characteristics of lipid metabolism in male patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) depending on the state of muscle mass, strength and function. Material and methods. The investigation enrolled 79 male patients with a reliable diagnosis of CAD, verified by coronary angiography (median age 63 (57; 66) years). Diagnosis of sarcopenia was based on the recommendations of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP, 2010) with the examining of muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle function. Total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) content was determined in fasting blood serum by spectrophotometric method. Patients were divided into 3 groups (according to the definition of EWGSOP, 2010): 1st-31 patients without sarcopenia, 2nd-21 patients with presarcopenia, and 3rd-27 patients with sarcopenia. Results and discussion. There was an inverse correlation between the level of total cholesterol in patients and the musculoskeletal index ( r = -0.315; p = 0.005) and the total skeletal muscle area at level LIII ( r = -0.277; p = 0.013). Comparative analysis in the group of patients with coronary artery disease and sarcopenia showed significant higher levels of total cholesterol compared with those in patients with coronary artery disease without sarcopenia (5.20 (3.75; 6.00) mmol/l vs 3.90 (3.40; 4.60) mmol/l; p = 0.03). According to the results of regression analysis, a direct relationship was found between the value of total cholesterol and the risk of decreasing of the musculoskeletal index (odds ratio 1.914, 95 % confidence interval 1.166-3.141). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis provided the critical value of total cholesterol as 4.7 mmol/l. Conclusion. The presence of sarcopenia in patients with CAD was associated with severe proatherogenic disorders of the lipid profile of the blood. Hypercholesterolemia is an additional predictive factor in reducing muscle mass.
A.V. Anikina1,2, Yu.P. Nikitin1,2, M.E. Amelin3 1Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, 630089, Novosibirsk, Boris Bogatkov str., 175/1 2Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 3Federal Center of Neurosurgery of Minzdrav of Russia, 630108, Novosibirsk, Nemirovich-Danchenko, 130/1
Keywords: атеросклероз, гиперхолестеринемия, сухожилие трехглавой мышцы голени, atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, tendon of leg triceps muscle
The purpose of the study was to study the possible association of hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis and calcification of the arterial wall with the structural features of Achilles tendons. Material and methods. The group of examined patients was 148 people hospitalized in the vascular department of the Federal Center for Neurosurgery with the aim of stenting the internal carotid artery. All patients underwent a complete physical, instrumental examination and a biochemical blood test. Results. It was found that in individuals with a total cholesterol level higher than 5.0 mmol / L, the tendon cross-sectional area was larger than in subjects with cholesterol level less than 5.0 mmol / L ( p = 0.05), in patients with increased low density cholesterol (LDL-C) content the of the tendon cross-sectional area was 1.5 times larger in people with low LDL-C concentration. Further, all patients were divided into 2 groups depending on atherosclerotic plaque density. In patients with a low or medium atherosclerotic plaque density, the average tendon cross-sectional area was 335 mm2, the tendon density was 59HU, calcium deposition in the Achilles tendon was detected in 38 % cases, in the group with atherosclerotic plaque density - 441 mm2, 66 HU, 52 %, respectively. Conclusions. In individuals with high levels of fractions of atherogenic cholesterol, an increase in the cross-sectional area of the Achilles tendon is noted. There is also a tendency towards an increase in the incidence of calcinosis of the achilles tendons in patients with atherocalcinosis.
E.V. Stryukova1,2, M.S. Troshina1,2, D.V. Denisova1,2, A.V. Sukhanov1,2 1Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, 630089, Novosibirsk, Boris Bogatkov str., 175/1 2Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: дислипидемии, липидный профиль, подростки, молодежь, динамика липидного профиля, dyslipidemia, lipid profile, adolescents, youth, dynamics of the lipid profile
Lipid levels in children correlate with adult lipid levels, and dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for developing of cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to study the dynamic levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol) and triglycerides (TG) in young people from 2014 to 2019. Material and methods. In 2014 a cohort of 105 people was formed based on the cross-sectional population survey of schoolchildren, in which the lipid profile was analyzed. In 2019, a second analysis was conducted. Blood TC, HDL cholesterol, TG were measured by enzymatic methods. LDL cholesterol was calculated with Friedwald’s formula. Results. From 2014 to 2019 TC levels increased from 154.5 to 163.0 mg/dl ( p = 0.005), due to the subgroup of men. HDL cholesterol also increased from 44.5 to 62.5 mg/dl ( p < 0.001) in both men and women. A general downward trend in LDL cholesterol is noticeable from 2014 to 2019. However, a significant difference was obtained only in the female subgroup (96.8 and 86.3 mg/dl, p = 0.038). TG levels increased from 2014 to 2019 (from 61.0 to 64.0 mg/dl), due to the subgroup of men. TC levels were higher in the female subgroup in 2014 ( p = 0.014), HDL cholesterol levels were higher in the female subgroup in 2014 ( p = 0.022) and 2019 ( p <0.001), TG levels were higher in the male subgroup in 2019 ( p = 0.021). Levels of LDL cholesterol were not significantly different between men and women in both years. Conclusions. Our results demonstrate the regular dynamics of the lipid profile over a five-year period, with an increase in the levels of TG and TC and a decrease in the level of LDL cholesterol, in young people.
Interest in the study of high density lipoproteins (HDL) is associated with the functional activity of these particles, which, first of all, determines their antiatherogenic properties. The main biological role of HDL is the «reverse» transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver. However, it must be borne in mind that the mechanism of antiatherogenic action of HDL is not limited only to the «reverse» transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver, it is determined by many other factors, each of which is important not only in the context of protecting the body from atherosclerosis, but also in the protective role HDL in a wider aspect. It turned out that HDL has an important antiinflammatory effect, have antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties, regulate vascular tone and anticoagulant activity, and act as antimicrobial and antiviral agents. According to modern concepts, in connection with the development of proteomics, data have appeared that indicate the participation in these processes of the protein components of the plasma membrane of cells and specific receptor proteins embedded in it. The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing body of knowledge about events and molecules related to the regulation of HDL metabolism with the participation of the scavenger receptor (SR-BI), ATP-linked cassette transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1, ecto-F1-ATPase, and cubiline-megaline receptor.
Atherosclerosis is main cause of cardiovascular disease leading to disability and death worldwide. Many factors can affect atherogenesis, including hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus and inflammatory processes. It is known that disorders of cholesterol and triglycerides It is known, that violation in cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism caused by substitutions in the structure of apolipoproteins are associated with a predisposition to hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Despite the increased interest in the atherogenesis mechanisms, many participants in this process are not fully understood. In this review, we examined the structure and functions of two proteins - apolipoprotein A5 and apolipoprotein H in connection with their association with impaired lipid metabolism.
Elena Yu. Bragina1, Maxim B. Freidin1, Valery P. Puzyrev1
Research Institute of Medical Genetics of Tomsk NRMC of RAS, Tomsk, Russia elena.bragina72@gmail.com
Keywords: синтропия, коморбидность, "атопический марш", гены синтропий (коморбидности), syntropy, comorbidity, "atopic march", syntropic genes (genes of comorbidity)
The study of the phenomenon
of a combination of several diseases at the same time in an individual,
actualized in the second half of the 19th century, is being actively
analyzed 150 years later using genetic approaches. We present an
overview of the results of such studies in relation to allergic
diseases, in particular, a special variant, the so-called «atopic
march», the sequential development of eczema, allergic rhinitis and
asthma («atopic march» syntropy). The data of genetic and
epidemiological studies were summarized, the analysis of genome-wide
associative studies was carried out, and the role of mutations in the
filaggrin gene ( FLG ) in the development of the «atopic march» syntropy
was considered.
Nikolai K. Nikiforovsky, Elena A. Stepankova, Anastasia O. Suhorukova
Smolensk State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia, Smolensk, Russia nk.nikiforovsky@yandex.ru
Keywords: инфекции мочевыводящих путей, беременные, диагностика, лечение, антибактериальная терапия, urinary tract infections, pregnant, diagnostic, treatment, antibacterial therapy
Urinary tract infections in
pregnancy are common in obstetric practice. This urological pathology
is recorded in about every third pregnant woman. There is no trend
forward to decline the disease prevalence. Moreover, the number of
pregnant women with kidney diseases has increased 4 times over the last
20 years. The best practice for diagnosis of urinary tract infections is
urine culture test, which is considered to be the most reliable and
accurate diagnostic. According to Order No. 572n by the Ministry of
Public Health of the Russian Federation dated 01.11.2012, the procedure
is carried out for all pregnant women started from 14 weeks of
pregnancy. The necessity for early diagnostics and treatment of urinary
tract infections in pregnancy is obvious, since there is a risk of the
infection negative impact on a mother and a fetus, course of pregnancy,
childbirth and postpartum period. Antibacterial therapy is a method of
choice and should be administrated taking into account criteria of
safety and tolerability (Food And Drug Administration criteria). Taking
into account that antibiotics administration is often empiric, the
constant dynamic monitoring of the structure of uropathogens and
antimicrobial resistance having specific local features is required.
Denis A. Novotnyy1, Natalia G. Zhukova2, Larisa P. Shperling1, Valentina A. Stolyarova2, Irina A. Zhukova2, Anna E. Agasheva2, Stanislav V. Shtaimets2, Oksana A. Druzhinina1 1Regional Center of Extrapyramidal Diseases with the Cabinet of Botulinum Therapy, Novosibirsk, Russia hellpost@yandex.ru 2Siberian State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia, Tomsk, Russia znatali@yandex.ru
Keywords: витамин D, заболевания головного мозга, хронические заболевания нервной системы, болезнь Паркинсона, болезнь Альцгеймера, vitamin D, brain diseases, chronic nervous system diseases, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease
The present review aims to
summarize the activities of vitamin D effects on the nervous system and
to clarify a vitamin D role in brain diseases, in the pathogenesis or as
a serum biomarker for the disease development and severity. Objective:
correlation between chronic nervous system diseases and vitamin D level.
Methods: a literature research in PubMed and in Russian electronic
resources by keywords: vitamin D, brain diseases, chronic nervous system
diseases. Results. Vitamin D as a neurosteroid hormone stimulates
cerebral activity in both adult and embryonic brain regulates the
activity of neural circuits which are responsible for locomotor,
reward-dependent and emotional behavior. Patients with autism spectrum
disorders, schizophrenia, Alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis,
Parkinson disease and sleep disorders have been shown to have low level
of vitamin D. Discussion. Data are controversial, a further study of
vitamin D hypovitaminosis significance is essential for the nervous
system chronic diseases manifestation and evaluation of the vitamin D
dietary supplement efficiency in patients with the nervous system
pathology.
The study of immune
mechanisms in inflammatory diseases of the male reproductive system,
androgen deficiency and male infertility continues. The relationship of
the content of a particular component of seminal plasma with the
indicators of ejaculate fertility - concentration, mobility and
morphological features of spermatozoa was revealed. A prominent
representative of the group of proinflammatory cytokines is
interleukin-6 (IL-6), whose main functions are activation of the immune
response in the acute phase of the systemic inflammatory response,
stimulation of the expression of adhesive molecules on endothelial cells
and leukocyte chemotaxis, activation of T - and B - lymphocyte
proliferation, and stimulation of the granulocyte growth of
hematopoiesis. In the male reproductive system, IL-6 is produced by
Sertoli cells; it is found in the tissues of the testicles, in the
ejaculate. It was found that an increase in the level of IL-6 is
observed in some pathological conditions of the male reproductive
system. An increase in the concentration of IL-6 in the seminal plasma
is associated with the development of inflammatory processes in the
organs of the male sexual system - it may indicate acute and chronic
prostatitis, non-specific urethritis, and chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
The fact of active production of IL-6 in the ejaculate in patients with
leukocytospermia was revealed. In the case of viscous sperm syndrome,
the level of IL-6 in the ejaculate also increases, presumably due to a
reaction to the occurrence of oxidative stress in the male reproductive
system. There was a negative relationship between the level of IL-6 in
the ejaculate and spermatogenesis indicators - the concentration of
spermatozoa, the progressive mobility of spermatozoa in men from
infertile couples.
Maxim A. Korolev1, Lyubov N. Rachkovskaya1, Pavel G. Madonov1, Anna V. Shurlygina1, Edmund E. Rachkovsky1, Andrey Yu. Letyagin1, Vladimir I. Konenkov1, Alexey A. Churin2, Tatyana Yu. Dubskaya2, Tatyana V. Vetoshkina2, Lyubov A. Sandrikina2, Tatyana I. Fomina2, Elena P. Fedorova2 1Research Institute of
Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - a branch of the Federal Research
Center for Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia kormax@bk.ru 2Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine of Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia churin_aa@pharmso.ru
Keywords: лекарственные препараты лития, комплекс лития цитрата, полиметилсилоксана и оксида алюминия, острая токсичность, lithium drugs, complex of lithium citrate, polymethylsiloxane and aluminum oxide, acute toxicity
Research Institute of
Clinical and Experimental Lymphology has developed an innovative drug
based on a complex of lithium citrate, polymethylsiloxane and aluminum
oxide (LOAP). Lithium-based drugs are effective in treating bipolar
disorders. However, the toxic effects of lithium cause a “narrow
therapeutic window”, which limits its clinical use. The creation of the
drug LOAP was aimed at creating a prolonged form with a slow release of
lithium to reduce toxic properties and use lithium citrate as an active
pharmacological agent. At the moment, the lithium complex has no
analogues. The purpose of the study was to study the parameters of acute
toxicity of the LOAP. Material and methods. When studying acute
toxicity, drugs were administered once intragastrically to mice and rats
at doses of 12000, 10000, and 5000 mg/kg. Results. A single
administration of drugs intragastrically through a probe in the maximum
possible doses to mice and rats did not cause the death of animals and
did not cause a locally irritating effect on the gastric mucosa. LOAP
can be assigned to hazard class 4 (GOST 12.1.007-76).
Svetlana S. Kutyavina, Maria A. Loginova, Daria N. Smirnova, Olga A. Makhova, Igor V. Paramonov
Kirov Research Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion of FMBA, Kirov, Russia kss1993@bk.ru
Keywords: HLA-типирование, секвенирование, аллели, гаплотипы, доноры гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, HLA typing, sequencing, alleles, haplotype, hematopoietic stem cells donors
Aim of the study was to
investigate the distribution features of HLA alleles and multilocus
haplotypes in potential donors of hematopoietic stem cells recruting in
the Sverdlovsk, Saratov, Yaroslavl and Vladimir regions. Material and
methods. Sequence Based Typing technology was used to identify human
leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 alleles from 2683 Russian
unrelated bone marrow volunteers living in the Sverdlovsk ( n = 1018),
Saratov ( n = 825), Yaroslavl ( n = 604) and Vladimir ( n = 236)
regions. HLA allele and haplotype frequencies were estimated via
maximum-likelihood analysis from genotypic data through an
expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for unknown gametic phase.
Results and discussion. In all studied populations, 16 HLA-A, 13 HLA-C,
13 HLA-DRB1 alleles were selected. In the locus HLA-B, 28 alleles were
detected in the populations of the Sverdlovsk and Yaroslavl regions,
27alleles - in the Saratov region, 25 alleles - in the Vladimir.
Seventeen alleles, HLA-A*02, HLA-A*03, HLA-A*01, HLA-A*24, HLA-B*07,
HLA-B*35, HLA-С*07, HLA-С*06, HLA-С*04, HLA-С*03, HLA-С*12, HLA-DRB1*15,
HLA-DRB1*07, HLA-DRB1*01, HLA-DRB1*13, HLA-DRB1*04, HLA-DRB1*11 exhibit
frequencies over 10 %. The highest frequency extended haplotype in the
all studied populations HLA-A*01-B*08-C*07-DRB1*03, was observed
frequencies of 4,4 % - in the Sverdlovsk region, 3,2 % - in the Saratov
region, 4,9 % - in the Yaroslavl region and 4,2 % - in the Vladimir
region. Routine HLA typing allowed us to define four new HLA alleles in
the populations of the Sverdlovsk and Saratov region.
Irina I. Krobinets, Natalya V. Mineeva, Elena A. Sysoeva, Alexander V. Chechetkin
Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology FMBA, Saint-Petersburg, Russia transfusion_spb@mail.ru
Keywords: лимфопролиферативные заболевания, миелопролиферативные неоплазии, АВО, Rh, двойная популяция эритроцитов, потеря экспрессии антигенов, lymphoproliferative disorders, myeloproliferative neoplasms, АВО, Rh, double populations of red blood cells, loss of antigen expression
Aim. To assess the aspects
of interpretation of pre-transfusion tests in patients with
hematological diseases. Material and Methods. We performed an analysis
of the results of serological studies of ABО, Rh blood groups in blood
samples of 857 patients with oncohematological diseases. ABO blood group
determination and typing of D, C, c, E, e, К antigens were carried out
using a gel agglutination test. Results. The decrease in strength of the
agglutination of standard red blood cells by the patient’s anti-A
and/or anti-B antibodies was observed in 112 patients (13.07% of the
total number of patients). Abnormal agglutination strength in ABO and Rh
antigens testing was observed in 17 patients (1.98% of the total number
of patients), among them were 7 patients with acute myeloid leukemia
(AML), 6 - with сhronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 2 - myelodysplastic
syndrome (MDS), 2 - polycythemia vera (PV). Double populations of red
blood cells were mainly detected in patients with MDS (45.61 %),
aplastic anemia (AA) (27.27 %), primary myelofibrosis (PMF) (22.73 %),
acute leukemia (AL) (22.2 %). In most cases double populations were
associated with previous transfusions of blood products, meanwhile,
three patients from this group (two patients with CML and one patient
with PV) had never received blood transfusions before. Conclusion.
Differences in anti-A and anti-B antibodies content were much more
common in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) than in
patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) (85.71% and 8.04%,
respectively), while decrease of expression of red blood cell antigens
was more typical for MPNs and did not occur in patients with LPDs.
Valery V. Chernykh1, Vladimir I. Konenkov2, Nikolay B. Orlov2, Olga V. Ermakova1, Aleksandr N. Trunov3,4 1Novosibirsk Branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk, Russia rimma@mntk.nsk.ru 2Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia vikonenkov@gmail.com 3Novosibirsk Branch of
the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk, Russia trunov1963@yandex.ru 4Federal
Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine
Keywords: первичная открытоугольная глаукома, матриксные металлопротеиназы, внутриглазная жидкость, primary open-angle glaucoma, matrix metalloproteinases, intraocular fluid
Aim of the study was to
investigate the content of matrix metalloproteinases 2, 3, 9, in the
intraocular fluid of patients with a developed stage of primary
open-angle glaucoma. Material and methods. The study included 47
patients with advanced stage of primary open-angle glaucoma. The
diagnosis is based on ophthalmological examination, including visual
acuity, binocular ophthalmoscopy, spheroperimetry, echoophthalmography,
optical coherence tomography, intraocular pressure measurement.
Exclusion criteria were acute and exacerbation of chronic inflammatory
diseases of the organ of vision, diabetic retinopathy, neovascular
glaucoma, uveitis, hemophthalmia, autoimmune and tumor processes of any
localization, as well as acute and exacerbations of chronic inflammatory
diseases of any organs and systems. Patients who took for normalization
of intraocular pressure drugs containing analogues of prostaglandins,
that could activate the inflammatory process, were excluded from the
study. 26 patients with a diagnosis of uncomplicated cataract made up a
comparison group. All patients underwent determination of matrix
metalloproteinases (MMP) 2, 3, 9 in the intraocular fluid. Results.
Concentration of MMP-2 but not MMP-3 or MMP-9 is statistically
significantly higher in the intraocular fluid of patients with a
developed stage of primary open-angle glaucoma compared to individuals
with uncomplicated cataracts. This may indicate importance of MMP-2 in
the development of a local aseptic inflammatory process, impaired
extracellular matrix and «remodeling» of the tissue structures of the
organ of vision, leading to disruption of the outflow of intraocular
fluid, which is an important factor in the pathogenesis of primary
open-angle glaucoma.
Fine needle aspiration
cytology (FNAC) is documented to be a good tool in the diagnosis of
thyroid lesions. It has good diagnostic accuracy and is an inexpensive
investigation. Although a good instrument it does have its own
limitations especially when it comes to distinguishing a follicular
adenoma from follicular carcinoma thyroid. Objectives of the study was
the evaluation of FNAC in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions by
determining its sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, positive
predictive value and negative predictive value. Material and methods.
This is a retrospective study of 580 cases of thyroid swelling admitted
to our hospital and undergone thyroidectomy over a period of 5 years
from 2015 to 2020. After thyroidectomy, FNAC reports (Bethesda system
for reporting) of those patients were collected and were compared and
analyzed with the histopathology reports. Category 1 and category 3
cases were excluded from calculation due to uncertainty in reporting.
Data were analyzed to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic
accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of
FNAC. Results. Our study included a total of 580 cases of thyroid
swellings. The male to female ratio was 1:18.2 and the median age was 43
years. On FNAC, 428 cases (73.7 %) were benign, 35 cases (6 %) were
indeterminate, 39 cases (6.7 %) were follicular neoplasm, 30 cases (5.1
%) were suspicious for malignancy and 34 (5.8 %) were malignant. 14 (2.4
%) cases were unsatisfactory. Cytology report was then compared with
histopathological reports. FNAC had a sensitivity of 84.2 %, specificity
of 97.2 % and a diagnostic accuracy of 94.5 %. The positive predictive
value and negative predictive value were 88.3 and 96 % respectively.
Conclusions. FNAC is a more specific than sensitive when distinguishing
between benign and malignant lesions of thyroid. It has good diagnostic
accuracy and hence should be used in all tertiary care hospitals prior
to surgery in diagnosing thyroid lesions.
Tamara S. Sandodze, Alexei V. Azarov, Jamil A. Asadov, Karen V. Guilmisarian, Sergei P. Semitko, Nino V. Tsereteli, David G. Iosseliani
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia, Moscow, Russia doc.sandodze@mail.ru
Keywords: острый коронарный синдром, острый инфаркт миокарда, миокардиальные мышечные «мостики», селективная коронарография, внутрисосудистое ультразвуковое исследование, acute coronary syndrome, acute myocardial infarction, myocardial muscular «bridges», selective coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasound investigation
Aim of the study was to
investigate the role of myocardial muscular «bridges» (MMB) in the
pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Material and methods. The
study comprised of 27 patents with ACS: 21 (77,8 %) with diagnosed
unstable angina pectoris (UA) and 6 (22,2 %) with acute anterior
myocardial infarction with ST elevation (STEMI). Results. All patients
with STEMI had positive qualitative troponin test. The serum level of
creatine phosphokinase (CPK) was 857.7 ± 495.5 U/l, the CPK MB level was
46.5 ± 42.4 U/l. The patients’ age varied from 32 to 68 years (on
average, 52.4 ± 4.6 years). Selective coronary angiography (CAG)
revealed systolic functional obstruction of the LAD with vessel’s lumen
recovery to the norm during diastole in all 27 patients, which is
typical for MMB. In all cases with UA, the clinical aggravation was
associated with ECG signs of transitory or permanent myocardial hypoxia
in the territory supplied by the LAD, while the patients with STEMI had
ECG, biochemical and EchoCG signs of myocardial damage and kinetics
disturbances in the left ventricular areas supplied by the LAD. All
patients underwent intravascular instrumental investigation. During
in-hospital stage all patients received conservative therapy including
β-adrenergic receptors or CA-channels blockers; ACE inhibitors;
disaggregants. Upon 12 months all patients underwent repeated outpatient
examination. In all cases, the conducted therapy resulted in the
improvement of the patients’ condition. Conclusion. This study allows
concluding that MMB play an essential role in the pathogenesis of ACS,
including STEMI.
Evgeniy V. Papichev, Boris V. Zavodovsky, Larisa E. Sivordova, Yuri R. Akhverdyan, Yulia V. Polyakova, Irina A. Zborovskaya
Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology named after A.B. Zborovsky, Volgograd, Russia e_papichev@mail.ru
Keywords: ревматоидный артрит, ревматическая кахексия, композитный состав тела, фетуин-А, костная ткань, тощая ткань, жировая ткань, индекс жировой массы, индекс безжировой массы, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid cachexia, body composition, fetuin-A, bone tissue, lean tissue, fat tissue, fat mass index, fat-free mass index
Background. Rheumatoid
cachexia is a pathological condition which appears in patients with
rheumatoid arthritis with low fat-free mass and normal or high body mass
index. Bone mass loss is one of the components of rheumatoid cachexia.
Fetuin-A, a major noncollagen protein of bone tissue, regulates bone
remodeling. Aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of
rheumatoid cachexia and the association of serum fetuin-A level with
body composition components in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Material and methods. 110 patients (8 male and 102 female) with
rheumatoid arthritis were enrolled in our study. Serum fetuin-A level
was determined by ELISA. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry with Total
Body program was performed. The diagnosis of rheumatoid cachexia was
based on the next criteria: fat-free mass index less than 10th
percentiles with fat mass index above 25th percentiles. Results and
discussion. We observed rheumatoid cachexia in 25 patients (22,7 %).
According to the literature, such patients have an increased risk of
developing metabolic syndrome, arterial hypertension and mortality.
Positive significant ( p < 0,05) correlations were observed between
serum fetuin-A levels and right and left lower limb, trunk, gynoid
region, both lower limbs and total body bone mass. No statistically
significant relationships with other indicators were identified.
Fetuin-A negative dynamic in patients with rheumatoid arthritis may be
accompanied by the loss of bone mass, which requires the improvement of
therapeutic approach. Conclusions. Almost a quarter of patients with
rheumatoid arthritis have rheumatic cachexia. Positive correlation
between serum fetuin-A levels and lower limbs, trunk, gynoid region and
total body bone mass was observed.
Alina R. Kasimova1,2, Irina S. Petlenko3, Svetlana A. Bozhkova3 1Vreden Russian Research
Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of Minzdrav of Russia kasi-alina@yandex.ru 2Academician I.P. Pavlov First Sankt-Petersburg State Medical University
of Minzdrav of Russia 3Vreden Russian Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of Minzdrav of Russia petlenko1995@yandex.ru
Keywords: инфекции кожи и мягких тканей, иммунотропная терапия, иммуномодулятор, альфа-глутамил-триптофан, заживление послеоперационных ран, skin and soft tissue infections, immunotropic therapy, immunomodulator, alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan, postoperative wound healing
Skin and soft-tissue
infections (SSTI) take the lead in surgical disorders. Changes of local
and systemic immunoreactivity highlight the SSTI and hinder treatment
due to disease chronicity. The immunotropic therapy could be the useful
tool in SSTI treatment. The aim of the study was to assess the dynamics
of local changes and and duration of wound healing during the use of
alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan (AGT/Thymogen) in the combination therapy of
SSTI patients. Material and methods. A sample of 77 individuals aged
18-55 years with moderate SSTI of different localization and with signs
of infectious intoxication participated in the randomized, double-blind,
parallel group, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The patients were
divided into the main (39 people) and control (38 people) groups. The
combination therapy of the main group included 100 μg of AGT by
intramuscular injection daily during 7 days, whereas the control group
received placebo (0,9 % sodium chloride) along the same schedule.
Results and discussion. The combination therapy of SSTI patients with
AGT significantly decreased the local inflammation, i.e. pain intensity,
hyperemia, edema ( p = 0,022), infiltration within damage area ( p =
0,03). Besides, AGT treatment leads to statistically and clinically
significant reduction in the duration of septic wound healing by an
average of 2 days as compared to control group. Thus, statistically, and
clinically significant superiority of efficacy of
alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan in comparison with placebo in reducing the
time of healing of purulent wounds of patients with SSTI has been
established.
Victor G. Puzyrev, Valeria V. Bondarenko, Alla O. Karchevskaya, Victoria V. Danilova, Julia N. Kapyrina
Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia, Saint-Petersburg, Russia vgpuzyrev@mail.ru
Keywords: синдром профессионального выгорания, реаниматологи, средний медицинский персонал, отделение анестезиологии и реанимации, стресс, professional burnout syndrome, resuscitators, nursing staff, department of anaesthesiology and intensive care, stress
Objective was to determine
the presence and the main manifestations of professional burnout
syndrome among intensive care doctors and nurses from the department of
anesthesiology and intensive care. Material and methods. Resuscitators
and secondary medical staff were asked to pass a questionnaire, which
included a survey by V.V. Boyko «Emotional burnout», a test by C.
Spielberger in the modification Y.A. Hanin, the technique of
Munsterberg. Results and discussion. Professional burnout syndrome is
typical for 55 % of resuscitators and 35 % of mid-level medical staff of
the department of anaesthesiology and intensive care of the pediatric
University clinic. As for the respondents of the first group, the
presence of the «resistance» phase is characteristic, while the second
group has the «resistance» and «exhaustion» phases. According to the
Spielberger scale, both groups have a middle degree of situational and
personal anxiety. The Munsterberg method found that selectiveness and
concentration of attention before and after the daily shift is more
decreased in resuscitators. Conclusion. High rates of susceptibility of
specialists of the department of anaesthesiology and intensive care to
the formation of professional burnout syndrome, which affects their
psychological health, were established. It is necessary to develop
appropriate measures to prevent this occurrence.
Tamara V. Polivanova1, Eduard V. Kasparov2, Vitaliy A. Vshivkov2, Olga V. Peretyatko2, Timur N. Akhmetshin2
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:403:"1Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky of Minzdrav of Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Russia tamara-polivanova@yandex.ru 2Scientific Research
Institute for Medical Problems of the North of Federal Research Centre
«Krasnoyarsk Scientific Centre» Siberian Division of Russian Academy of
Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia impn@impn.ru";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: распространенность, дети, гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь, эрозивно-язвенные поражения, наследственная предрасположенность, язвенная болезнь, Сибирь, prevalence, children, GERD, erosive and ulcerative lesions, hereditary predisposition, peptic ulcer disease, Siberia
The aim is to study the
prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastroduodenal
erosions and ulcers and their association with a family predisposition
for ulcer disease in Siberian schoolchildren. Material and methods. We
have examined schoolchildren aged 7-17 years in three regions of Siberia
(Republic of Tyva, Evenkia and Buryatia) in localities identical to
their socio-economic level. Data collected using a cross-sectional
method using standardized questionnaires on the presence of
gastroenterological complaints and information about ulcer disease of
relatives in the 1st and 2nd generations in 1535 schoolchildren in Tuva,
790 in Buryatia and 1369 in Evenkia. Diagnosis of GERD was based on the
presence of complaints of heartburn, in accordance with international
consensus in the pediatric population. We performed gastroscopy randomly
method in each region at schoolchildren with gastrointestinal
complaints (283 children in Tyva, 110 in Buryatia, 205 in Evenkia).
Results. There was an increase in the GERD frequency among Siberian
children with anamnesis data on the presence of peptic ulcer in
relatives (9.9 and 5.9 %, respectively, p = 0.0025). The most
unfavorable situation has been observed in the population of
schoolchildren of the Republic of Tuva (10.6 % with a burdened history
and 9.3 % without it, p = 0.5389). We have not revealed the significant
increase of gastroduodenal erosions and ulcers in children with a poor
family history of peptic ulcer disease (12.6 and 10.4 %, respectively, p
= 0.5263), including Tuva schoolchildren where they were more often
detected. The GERD association with erosive ulcerative process in the
mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum was ambiguous and had
population (regional) features in schoolchildren with a burdened family
history of peptic ulcer disease. Conclusion. Siberian schoolchildren
with a family predisposition to peptic ulcer disease have certain
regional features in the association of gastroduodenal erosions and
ulcers with GERD.
Alexander V. Sabaev, Olga P. Goleva
Omsk State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia, Omsk, Russia alesabaev@yandex.ru
Keywords: острые алкогольные отравления, смертность, acute alcohol poisoning, mortality
Purpose of research. To
study the dynamics of the death rate of the population of the Siberian
Federal District (SFD) as a result of accidental acute alcohol poisoning
for the period from 2009 to 2018, as well as a comparative analysis of
the death rates of the population of the SFD regions with general
district indicators. Materials and methods. The analysis of mortality of
the population of the Russian Federation, Siberian Federal District and
regions of the Siberian Federal district (Altai Republic, Tuva,
Khakassia, Altai, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk,
Tomsk region) as a result of accidental alcohol poisoning, the
comparison of regional indicators with county mortality rates have been
carried out. Traditional methods of calculating extensive and intensive
indicators, the average error of the indicator, and evaluating the
reliability of differences have been used in statistical processing of
the material. Results and discussion. The death rate of the SFD
population as a result of accidental alcohol poisoning has decreased by
2.0 times for the period from 2009 to 2018. The decrease in population
mortality due to accidental alcohol poisoning has been revealed in all
regions of the Siberian Federal District, with the exception of the
Tomsk region, where the three-fold increase in death rate has been
registered. The most rapid decrease in the death rate due to accidental
alcohol poisoning occurred in the Krasnoyarsk territory (4.4 times) and
the Republic of Altai (3.5 times) in the period from 2009 to 2018. The
study of the dynamics of population mortality in the regions of the
Siberian Federal District as a result of accidental alcohol poisoning
allows us to identify the features of the toxicological situation at the
regional level and determine strategic directions for regional chemical
safety in the future.
