Home – Home – Jornals – Siberian Journal of Forest Science 2020 number 5

Recent advances in quantum information are briefly reviewed. The advantages of quantum computers are illustrated using the simplest quantum algorithms. Implementation of quantum computers using ultracold neutral atoms in quantum processors is considered.

In the plasma emission spectra inside the low-emission combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine, the following molecular bands were identified (the most intense edges are given in parentheses): OH (306.1 nm), CH (430.18 nm), H₂O (714-980 nm), C2 (515.55 nm), NH (336 nm), and NO (358.26 nm). This offers a possibility of using the ratio of their intensities to control the operating parameters of the combustion chamber to reduce harmful emissions regulated by ICAO standards. The spectra are recorded by Kolibri-2 spectrometers in two versions: 1) operating spectral range of 190-1100 nm with a resolution of 1 nm and 2) operating spectral range of 190-360 nm with a resolution of 0.2 nm. The plasma emission is coupled to the spectrometer using an optical fiber and a collimator.

The possibility of constructing laser Doppler velocimeters based on the use of a bichromatic source of spatially combined Gaussian or Bessel beams and a two-wave Bragg single-channel acousto-optical modulator with a ratio of ultrasonic wave frequencies equal to the ratio of the wave numbers of diffracting laser beams is discussed. The spatial, chromatic, and frequency structure of the 3D coordinate-measuring basis, formed from Gaussian or Bessel beams by the same sequence of optical elements, and the photoelectric transformation adequate to the structure of light scattered by the medium under study ensure the minimum hardware width of the Doppler signal spectrum and increased noise immunity.

New experimental data on the dynamics of the diffraction efficiency (DE) of superimposed volume reflection holograms with a grating period of ~ 250 nm are obtained when they are simultaneously recorded in the BAYFOL HX TP photopolymer material. The nature and parameters of their mutual influence with a delay in the illumination of one hologram relative to the other are established. It is found that the DE dynamics is practically unaffected by variations in the monomer diffusion time in the interval .12 < tD <0.17 s, but the unsteady behavior of the photopolymerization parameter τp is significantly manifested, which increased from 5 to 15 s in our experiments. The known equations for the photo-induced change in the refractive index of the photopolymer are improved by taking into account the nature of changing of the parameter τp. The calculated dependences of the DE dynamics obtained using the refined formulas are in good agreement with the experimental data (RMS ~ 2%).

Within the framework of the scalar diffraction light theory developed by Kirchhof and Fresnel, specific features of diffraction phenomena in the far zone on cylindrical (metal) objects of small diameters (0.01-0.5 mm) are investigated with allowance for their reflecting properties. A cylinder model in the form of a screen (of zero thickness) is used in the calculations. The reflected component of the field in the far zone is calculated by the stationary phase method. It is shown that the influence of the reflected light wave leads to a noticeable measurement error proportional to the amplitude coefficient of light reflection from the cylinder surface is standard algorithms are used for information processing (valid for objects of the screen type). To reduce this influence, an algorithm is proposed for determining the diameters of such objects with increased accuracy by means of the corresponding processing of the diffraction pattern in the range of angles θ << 3√ λ/R, where λ is the light wavelength and R is the cylinder radius. The results obtained can be used for the development of high-precision diffraction meters for thin cylindrical objects (wires, threads, and fibers).

A method for inspection of the Millimetron Space Observatory telescope multi-element mirror system for its adjustment after deployment in the orbit is proposed in the paper. A laser range finder is used for preliminary inspection of the reflector element positions, and the optical Foucault knife-edge method is applied for the final inspection. The optical scheme of the control system for the final adjustment of the telescope is calculated and presented. The results of modeling images obtained with deflected reflector elements are reported. The results of calculating the optical system implementing the Foucault knife-edge method are presented.

A method and technical solution for laser heterodyne tomography of the scattering properties of thick light-sensitive materials in the reflection mode are proposed. The method is based on acousto-optical scanning of a test reflection grating recorded in the medium and on the layer-by-layer collinear heterodyne analysis of the scattered field. Formulas for estimating the spatial resolution of the method and the test grating period are derived, and the method sensitivity (dependence of the heterodyne signal on the depth of the grating layers) is estimated. The theoretical conclusions are confirmed experimentally.

A system of contactless gun barrel straightness inspection by the structured light method is developed. A design of a compact optical probe, in which a diffractive optical element is used for gun barrel illumination, is proposed and developed. Algorithms for processing of images obtained by means of gun barrel scanning are presented; based on processing results, the 3D shape of the controlled product is retrieved and required geometrical parameters are calculated. Results of the contactless gun barrel straightness inspection system testing by using actual product samples are presented.

A method for determining object deformations using structured lighting is considered. The method is based on the projection of pictures of sinusoidal bands on the surface of the object under study. By using a step-by-step phase shift, one can select information about the phase distribution, which contains data on the surface topography. Comparing the phase distributions before and after the impact on the object, one can determine the field of deformations. A new method for finding phase differences is presented, which significantly reduces the requirements to algorithms for eliminating phase ambiguity. An experimental setup is developed for determining the limit sensitivity of the method in studying deformations of a beam with one of its ends fixed. It is shown that the method sensitivity makes it possible to determine deformations for loads smaller than 10 microns at the free end of the beam.

The possibility of producing film axicons with large focal lengths is experimentally demonstrated. The manufacturing technology includes vacuum deposition of chalcogenide glass layers of variable thickness, which varies linearly depending on the substrate radius. Axicons with focal lengths up to 15 m are obtained.

The conditions of the corona discharge poling of micron guest-host polycarbonate films containing a donor-acceptor dye (polyfluorotriarylpyrazoline-dicyanoisophorone) are determined to create an effective orientation of chromophore molecules. The experiments are carried out using the created triode poling experimental setup with continuous monitoring of the second harmonic generation (SHG) signal from the polymer film directly during the corona poling process. The SHG signal is induced in samples from the first harmonic of a 1064-nm pulsed Nd:YAG laser monitoring the chromophore molecule orientation in the polymer film stimulated by the corona discharge field. The dependences of the SHG signal on the potential of the grid and the needle electrode of the triode system are measured.

A single-frequency thulium-doped distributed-feedback fiber laser is demonstrated. A laser cavity based on a 36 mm long π-phase-shifted fiver Bragg grating (FBG) is inscribed in a heavily doped Tm fiber. Single-frequency radiation with a wavelength of 1919 nm and the maximum output power of 80 mW is generated at the 1.1 W pump power. The lasing linewidth is measured to be about 70 kHz. The relative intensity noise does not exceed 70 dB/Hz with the maximum at a frequency of 1.2 MHz.

Silicon photonics is an important technological platform for the development of various functional optical devices, including perspective types of optical sensors. During the last years, 20% of all publications related to silicon photonics deal with the development of various variants of optical sensors. Their advantage is in the combination of high technical parameters with the possibility of mass production by CMOS compatible technology of microelectronics and nanophotonics. The present review offers a short description of various technological solutions of the last decade responsible for the progress in improving the performances of optical sensors. Special attention is given to new perspective constructions of sensors based on the bimodal technology promising substantial growth of sensitivity owing to equalization of the group delay of different optical modes propagating along the waveguide structure. The review will be useful to Russian and foreign researchers working with sensors.

Methods based on video data processing have demonstrated their effectiveness in many areas of agriculture and forestry. However, they lack classification accuracy for objects and vegetation that can only be achieved by using hyperspectral sensors, but such devices have been quite expensive and difficult to operate until recently; they have been mainly used on satellites and manned aircraft. In recent years, technologies have been proposed for creating more compact and lightweight sensors based on selection of a limited number of spectral intervals and their positions at the design stage. These sensors can be used for scientific or commercial purposes in field conditions; in particular, they can be mounted on drones. In this paper, by an example of 220-channel hyperspectral image processing, we experimentally investigate the possibility of significantly reducing the volume of recorded data by selecting the position and width of a limited number of the most informative spectral channels in solving the problem of crop classification. It is shown that the method used to form the system of informative features has a significant advantage over decimation and is close in efficiency to methods based on the principal component analysis, having a significantly lower required computational complexity.

The influence of the spatial inhomogeneity of the photoelectric characteristics of the focal plane array (FPA) on the quality of detecting small-sized objects in the image it forms is considered. It is shown that the traditionally used two-point correction is not optimal for subsequent matched image filtering aimed at improving the reliability of object detection under the conditions of spatially inhomogeneous FPA intrinsic noise. A two-stage algorithm for constructing a linear spatially invariant matched filter is proposed, which provides a significant increase in the reliability of detecting weak small-sized objects against the background of uncorrelated noise in images containing interference caused by the spatial inhomogeneity of the FPA characteristics.

A conceptual analysis of the structure of educational activities in higher education is carried out and a system «map» is developed, representing groups of necessary digital technologies and solutions. Based on a survey of experts, digital technologies are positioned according to availability levels - from preliminary developments to mass-marketed products. In the future, until 2030, all the technology groups discussed will be developed to the level of locally applied products, many to mass-used products

The achievement of competitive advantages of industrial enterprises is formed by innovations, a variety of organizational and economic measures. Quantitative analysis of their effectiveness is based on the use of an economic and mathematical model for optimizing enterprise planning. The use of optimization indicators may not lead to an increase in the efficiency of the enterprise. It is the presence of innovations, mechanisms for stimulating their development and implementation that ensures the achievement of competitive advantages by the enterprise. Hence, the economic mechanisms themselves appear to be innovations.

An approach to the parametrization of robust homeostasis, an information structure that closes the homeostatic space of the operating activity of an economic system and is an instrument of the robust control mechanism, is presented. Operational activity is considered as a set of horizontal cycles, consisting of interrelated financial, material, information processes and flows. Key principles are proposed and the composition of parameters as triggers of operational activities, allowing an economic entity to enter a state of robust stability, is presented. From the standpoint of information security, certain limitations and theoretical patterns have been identified that allow, in the methodological and practical plane, to synthesize a set of parameters for assessing management decisions made, aimed at achieving a state of «floating (robust) equilibrium» by economic entities. For each of the derived parameters, an information granule formula is presented, which determines the range of proposed solutions and associated changes. It is shown that, with the observed multiplicity of the degrees of freedom of the parameters under consideration, the achievement of robust homeostasis acts as a springboard for the regulation of operational activities, coincides with the established principles of designing information structures, and does not contradict the patterns of their temporal and content variability.

The paper proposes a tool of budgetary coefficient for analysis of the sustainability of regional budgets. Five budget coefficients were considered: the ratio of grants and collected revenues, coefficient of budget effectiveness of territories, coefficient of budget debts, coefficient of budget coverage and coefficient of budget provision of the population. The necessity of using these coefficients in the analysis of fiscal policy on federal and sub-federal level is shown. The author reveals peculiarities of the structure of revenues and expenditures of the budgets of regions of Russian Federation for 2012-2018. The analysis showed that one of the key problems in the field of budgetary alignment at the subnational level are significant differences in the budgetary provision of regions before and after transferring resources from federal budget to regional budgets.

The article discusses some aspects of improving the financial literacy of the population. In recent years, this issue has acquired particular relevance due to the investment passivity of the population and the growth of its debt load. For a number of countries, the results of representative surveys (2018-2020) are presented with an assessment of the level of financial literacy of the population, it is indicated that this level is uneven across regions, even within one country. As a rule, insufficient motivation of the population to their level of financial literacy and lack of responsibility for personal well-being are indicated. The article indicates the need for a developed infrastructure of the financial market and its readiness for the application of financial knowledge.

Although international and national financial institutions, as well as real economy enterprises, take rather strong interest in distributed data storage technologies and research on assessment of the use of potential of blockchain platforms in social and economic environment, there is little theoretical understanding of the issue. In this regard, the paper attempts to fill the vacuum concerning the matters revealing other aspects of the research subject, for example economic and social effects of the introduction of blockchain technologies into activities of the economic entities. Formal assessment and scenario modeling of GDP increment dynamics in new institutional conditions of economic management are carried out on the basis of the assessment of the emerging effects caused by the integration of distributed data storage technologies into the system of economic operations

Despite the large amount of research devoted to economic uncertainty, enterprises are still held hostage by unforeseen circumstances. This is facilitated by management focused on forecasting average revenue values, while the most serious consequences are caused by random fluctuations in sales. The focus of this study is a mathematical model of revenue under conditions of uncertainty in demand, which can be used to develop planning methods based on separation, deterministic and random components of sales.

The problem of financing small and medium-sized enterprises is on the current agenda of most countries in the world economy, because they provide employment, generate innovation and accelerate economic growth. The article is devoted to the analysis of the world practice of transformation of approaches to the regulation of crowdfunding. The methodological component of the work consists of general scientific and special methods including statistical and comparative analysis. The purpose of this study is to classify the main approaches to regulating crowdfunding in countries with developed economies. At the first stage, the main trends of crowdfunding and the evolution of its models in the period from 2014 to the present are considered. At the second stage, regulatory approaches to regulating crowdfunding in the United States, the EU, and the Russian Federation were investigated. The analysis identified three key approaches to regulating crowdfunding («Prohibited», «Self-regulated», and «Regulated»), and concluded that since 2020, the Russian Federation has changed its approach from «Self-regulated» to «Regulated»

The application of quantitative methods in the analysis of innovation development in the context of modern challenges and threats becomes particularly significant. An original methodology of multi-aspect analysis of the indicators of innovation development of the regions of Russia is suggested. The research goal was the application of multi-aspect analysis for intertemporal comparisons of the state of innovation development in 2005-2018. The obtained results pointed at the prioritization of human capital as a factor of innovation development, as well as at the gap in innovation dynamics between leading regions and other territories. The results can be used for justification of the differentiated innovation policy of the regions of the Russian Federation.

The article considers such important testing issues as estimate conformity to average estimate regarding each test item, determination of the necessary number of test items, prediction of percentage of estimate deviations within the given range for general totality at specified reliability and accuracy values. The definition of relative estimate error in general totality of items is given; a method of calculation of its quantitative characters (average value, scatter, distribution density and percentage of probable relative errors within the given range) was developed.

In the article the concept of «higher education», its goals and main objectives of legal regulation in federal legislation are considered. A system of statistical indicators is formed that measures the quality of higher education based on the review of the Federal Law «On Education in the Russian Federation», the methodical recommendations of the Ministry of education and science of Russia and local regulations of the NSUEM on conducting an independent assessment of the quality of educational activities and the quality of education. The concepts of «quality of education», «quality of educational services» and «quality of instruction» are discussed.

In this paper, we consider the influence of socio-economic indicators on the life expectancy in the regions of the Russian Federation, identify which of them are statistically significant, predict the life expectancy and model the life expectancy in the «ideal» region of the Russian Federation. The model of life expectancy was built using multiple regression analysis by eliminating insignificant factors. The effectiveness of the model was evaluated using the Akaike information criterion.

This article is devoted to a detailed analysis of the results of the implementation of the Socio-economic Strategy for Siberia until 2020, and to the study of the current geopolitical and economic situation of the Siberian Federal District. Attention is also paid to such issues as investment attractiveness of the district, foreign trade turnover, export and import infrastructure, investments in fixed capital of the region, risks of the district’s development, gross regional product and industrial production index in the regions of the Siberian Federal District.

In view of the 75th anniversary of the victory of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War the article considers some significant events and main stages of the development of Novosibirsk as a center of the vast Siberian region which was destined to lend a weighty contribution to the common victory of Soviet people. Apart from the period of war against Fascist Germany and its allies on the Western Front (22.06.1941-08.05.1945) and crushing defeat of militarist Japan (9.08.1945-3.09.1945) the article synopsizes the whole pre-war period of formation of Novosibirsk as major administrative, transport and logistics hub and industrial center in the east of the country. The article also considers the role of Novosibirsk in creation of nuclear-missile weapons of the Soviet Union in the post-war five-year plans.

The article examines the features of regional innovation systems functioning in the period 2000-2019, which were developed in the Northern States of the United States as one of the three largest regions of the country, characterized by the historically formed most developed part of the national innovation system. On the basis of a set of indicators, the author analyzes the innovative development of the economy of the States of the specified region of the country and ranks them on the basis of statistical and dynamic indicators that characterize their key features in the new technological order. Developing a scientific hypothesis about the territorial heterogeneity of reproductive processes influencing the spatio-temporal characteristics of the results and pace of development of regional innovation systems based on substantive research is needed in all economic and administrative relations through the application of methods of statistical and economic and cluster analysis, the author obtained results that reflects not only the level of development of high technologies in the leading States of the Northern U.S., but produced a ranking of these subjects by the principal component method.

The issues of creation of books digital copies and 3D-models of museum objects as a content of integrated digital libraries are discussed in the paper. The process steps to take a digital content for digital library are presented and analyzed in terms of the Scientific Heritage of Russia digital library (SHR DL). Librarians, museum employees, editors and technical specialists carry out these steps. Time labor costs for performing certain operations such as the formation of digital objects and collections of these objects are calculated based on approved standards for library and museum works and on the basis of 10 years of provisioning experience with SHR DL. The analysis allows us to optimize the time spent on the formation of digital library elements by parallelizing technological processes.

The article outlines the basic principles of organizing a network of expert and analytical decision support platform as a tool for supporting business decision making in a distributed environment. It is shown that the proposed provisions are universal and can be used in the development of automated workplaces of any official making business decisions and managerial decisions based on the results of an examination of their options in a distributed environment, taking into account the requirements for protecting confidential information.

This paper is devoted to the comprehension and analysis of the problem of dehumanization in the conditions of modern social reality. The author suggests focusing on new meanings of the process of «humanization» as a response to the multifactor, dynamism and instability of the global social world. Such «new meanings» are the background processes of human life today: the expansion of digital technologies, paradigm and worldview shifts, and more. Despite the societal scale of the issue under discussion, the article focuses on the availability of ways to overcome the «loss of man» crisis.

The article presents the results of a sociological study of the main factors of modern women reproductive behavior in the Altai krai. The dependence of the reproductive behaviour of modern Russian women on a set of objective and subjective factors that can stimulate or slow down the birth rate in the region is determined. The obtained data make it possible to optimize and increase the effectiveness of regional measures to stimulate the birth rate and support families with children in a scientifically sound way.

The purpose of the work is to identify the conditions for the formation of the limit of Russian state capitalism. The study is based on a systematic approach using methods of statistical, cluster and neural network analysis. The article reflects the connection between the limit of Russian state capitalism and the structure of the Russian economy and the exhaustion of the possibilities of its development as a whole. Russia merges industrial capital with banking at the level of state monopolies, forming imperialist capitalism. As a result of the assessment of the dynamics of generalizing indicators of the activities of organizations and the boundaries of the existence of households, the conditions for the formation of the limit of Russian state capitalism in the form of a prerequisites and a base are revealed. The study revealed that the growth rate of the total profit received by existing credit organizations is not determined by the growth rate of return on assets, profitability of goods, products, works, services sold, autonomy coefficient, but, to a greater extent, is associated with the growth rate of money supply. The increase in the growth rate of the amount of subsidies accrued to the population for payment of housing and utilities is due to the lag in the dynamics of the decline in the number of people with cash incomes below the subsistence minimum compared to the growth rate of the number of families receiving subsidies for housing and utilities. The research results expand the scope of knowledge and form new competencies of state authorities for making managerial decisions to maintain a stable position and image of Russia in the globalization process. The conditions for the formation of the limit of Russian state capitalism are: the prerequisites - the devaluation of the national currency, targeted state assistance to state enterprises during the crisis and the withdrawal of capital during the period of stable economic growth; the base - the need to increase the growth rate of the amount of subsidies accrued to the population for housing and utilities.

The article considers the key problem of conducting statistical analysis on an array of municipal statistics: the presence of a significant amount of missing data. The concept and types of data imputation are given. The application of the K nearest neighbor method for imputation at the stage of using official statistics data contained in the database of municipal indicators is justified. The author’s algorithm for restoring omissions in the data set of municipal statistics indicators using the STATISTICA system is proposed. Verification of the imputation results was performed by comparing the distributions of the original and restored data based on the Pearson’s consent criterion.

Introduction. The future of Russia is connected with the training of creatively competent specialists who are able to work in advanced production facilities, create and use breakthrough technological solutions. Since all cadres undergo the first stage of training in schools, the school secondary education system is the most important factor and driving force for the progressive development of the country. A school graduate should have modern fundamental knowledge, be able to apply it; be responsible, independent and ready to make reasoned decisions, especially in critical situations; have a focus on innovation, creative and research activities, and much more; i.e., be competent. The existing state standards and new school education standards that are being developed do not solve this problem. Methodology and methods of the research. The methodology for solving this problem is based on the competence based method of implementing effective interaction in the system «student - teacher - school - society». The goal is to develop a concept of studying a school mathematics course based on a competency-based approach, the implementation of which will contribute to primary schools. This is demonstrated by the example of a specific topic of mathematics in grade 5. The results of the research. The concept was developed according to which the study of the topics of the school mathematics course is not isolated, but in an acceptable complex, including the study of individual educational elements as a solution to specific problems related to this topic. Implementation of the presented concept meets two key requirements of the author’s technology of competence approach: Step 1 - «teach thoughts» and Step 2 - «teach to think». Conclusion. The quality of education is directly proportional to the level of requirements for learning outcomes. The project of school state standards sets the lowest level of requirements, in particular, when teaching mathematics. The analysis of three educational systems: ZUN, competence approach and modern school technology has shown the effectiveness and prospects of teaching math at school based on a competency-based approach. The implementation of the proposed model in the educational process will contribute to improving the quality of school mathematics education.

Introduction. The relevance of the study is associated with the need to comply with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for General Education in terms of guaranteed nature and reproducibility of the results of cognitive learning for schoolchildren. For this, diagnostic tools are needed, firstly, controlling the course of training itself, and secondly, allowing a controlling influence on the learning process to adjust intermediate results. The purpose of the paper is to characterize the results of testing the operational presentation of the results of cognitive learning on the example of a school physics course. The paper gives an operational presentation of the results in cognitive learning technology. At the same time, methods for correlating educational results with numerical series that allow formalization necessary to control intermediate results and to predict further achievements of students in the study of physics are shown. The cognitive result of the education of schoolchildren is closely related to the operational and psychoemotional components of the pedagogical process. The problem of mastering enlarged didactic units in the school course of physics is solved by means of diagnostic tools that control and correct the cognitive process. The need for an analysis of the operational presentation of the results of education is noted in a number of works devoted to the competency-based approach in education, which provides a guaranteed and reproducible pedagogical product within predetermined quality limits. In addition, cognitive learning is closely connected with the values of education and the style of preparation of the «counter text», reflecting the author’s position of the participants in the pedagogical process, which also requires a controlling influence on the pedagogical process to prevent the breakdown of learning activities. This kind of danger arises when mastering enlarged didactic units. The diagnostic indicators we offer provide the student with the opportunity to demonstrate the «correct» signs, symbols, as well as their connection rules, adopted in the study of complex physical studies. The effectiveness of cognitive technology, equipped with operational tools, is determined, firstly, through the student’s willingness to manifest formed cognitive competence as the effective possession of the sign system adopted in this academic discipline, and secondly, as the ability to demonstrate their cognitive competence in creative learning situations, in thirdly, the presence of a personal attitude to the subject of application of cognitive experience and emotional-volitional regulation of this relationship. Methodology and methods of the research. The object of study is cognitive learning technologies. The subject of study is pedagogical conditions for the use of operational diagnostic tools in cognitive learning technologies. The main cognitive difficulties arising in solving a physical problem and the ways to overcome them obtained using pedagogical technology are established. Corresponding indicators have been introduced with the help of which the ability to overcome such cognitive difficulties is operationalized. There are direct ways to calculate the system’s travel time, but sometimes you don’t need to know the exact time. Their values can be compared indirectly through a new formulation of the question in terms of velocities for each experiment. It is better to reduce algebraic expressions for velocities to a form containing both invariant parts that do not require comparison, and expressions that are easily comparable to each other. It is convenient to control the correctness of the implementation of such transformations by schoolchildren through the coefficient of assimilation of knowledge: CA = (Corr/ Total) 100 m%, where Corr is the number of correctly performed actions in the course of solution, Total is the total number of actions. The coefficient is calculated as a percentage. In addition, when performing such actions, an expert assessment of the degree of skill automation (DSAut) was carried out based on the control of time spent on each computational operation. The results of the research. The results of achieving a high level of competence by schoolchildren when searching for a solution to a physical problem are considered. In this case, competence is divided into four components, presented in an operational form: 1) the coefficient of assimilation of knowledge (CA); 2) the level of abstraction (CA); 3) the degree of automation of skill (DSAut); 4) the value of student activity (VA). Conclusion. 1. For cognitive learning, it is necessary to present the expected result in an operational form that allows the correlation of educational achievements of students with numbers. The characteristics of schoolchildren’s education can be indicators established by experts in this field of knowledge. A set of indicators should have a complete presentation of the results, be pedagogically valid and consistent. The study provides an example of such a complete set, valid when using cognitive technology for teaching physics. We modified such parameters as assimilation coefficient, level of abstraction, degree of automation, etc.

Introduction. The ongoing transformation of the Russian education system is directly related to the insufficiently high results in assessing the formation of functional literacy. Therefore, it is in the direction of creating conditions and means for the formation of functional literacy that the content of Russian education should change. To create conditions for creativity, it is necessary to move away from the pattern of actions. Methodology and methods of the research. This research is practical, but it is based on the use of laws of psychology and pedagogy. The accumulated experience of forming research activities and developing creativity is not denied, but generalized. The main attention is paid to the combination of two directions: the development of creativity and the formation of research skills. The combination is based on the use of flexibility of thinking and independence of actions. The object of research is the subject of educational relations, for which the conditions are created. The terms of the agreement also define the specific subject-subject relations of participants in educational relations. The results of the research. The assessment of science literacy shows that our students are significantly behind in performing tasks that require the assessment and development of scientific research and the interpretation of knowledge, namely empirical data, from a scientific point of view. Therefore, the paper presents the experience of creating conditions for the manifestation of flexibility of thinking and freedom of creativity on the example of the educational subject “physics”. Two areas of work with students are considered: experimental activity and work with information. We propose to set as the basis for providing creative activity in the formation of experimental actions the performance of mandatory laboratory work without instructions. The student should have the freedom to choose the purpose of the experiment, the choice of equipment, and the choice of an experimental plan. As a result of such systematic work, by the 9th grade, it is possible to move from collective creativity directed by the teacher to individual creative experimental activities. Interpretation of data based on theory requires a well-formed reader’s literacy, so another important condition for the development of students’ creative potential is considered to be working with information. The paper discusses the essential features and types of educational texts, their possibilities in the development of creative potential. Conclusion. It is concluded that the development of creative potential is possible with the activity of students without template instructions and algorithms in situations of uncertainty, which are created by leading questions of the teacher. The situations, created on the basis of experimental activities and work with educational texts, are of particular importance. A trained teacher is a prerequisite for developing the creative potential of students.

We present the results of an analysis of forest stand dynamics on a permanent trial plot in the Sikhote-Alin biosphere reserve (Primorsky Krai). The materials of revisions for the period 1958-2019 were used, where the plot was established on young growth forest, which emerged after a strong wildfire in the 1920s succeeding in the place of which a highly productive pine trees. The last inventory (2019) reflects the state of the plantation after strong windfall due to the typhoon Lyonrock in 2016: the growing stock of the stand decreased from 254 to 180 m³ · ha^-1. Currently the total average (stock) increment is 4.7- 8.4 m³ · ha^-1 · year^-1, losses due to windfall varied between 1.4-3.0 m³ · ha^-1 · year^-1 and were 12.0 m³ · ha^-1 · year^-1 for the last observation period. Sufficient seedlings for a further recovery of the main species (Korean pine Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.) are present only at sites without disturbance by windfall (up to five thousand plants ha^-1). Using regional allometric equations, the above-ground biomass of trees and stands was determined for each inventory period, which made it possible to estimate the net growth of the biomass at 1.31 t C · ha^-1 · year^-1, which is more than two times higher than the average specific carbon stock in the biomass of the forests of Terney forest district estimated by the ROBUL system. Windfall decreased the biomass stock in the forest stand from 89 to 60 t C · ha^-1. The stand developed following a long-term regeneration scenario, but further stand dynamics are unpredictable due to the instability of the rest of the stand.