Home – Home – Jornals – Russian Geology and Geophysics 2020 number 5-6

The interplay of plume and plate tectonics is discussed with reference to well-documented late Paleozoic and Mesozoic-Cenozoic structures. The considered issues include models of lower mantle plumes; the typical case of the Hawaii plume; plate motions in the Pacific basin under the effect of plume activity and subduction processes; the role of plumes in the breakup of continents and rifting for the cases of the East African rifts and Gondwana breakup; large continental igneous provinces of Siberia and Tarim, with meimechites and kimberlites; and the formation of large granitic batholiths and related metallogeny. The study contains several points of novelty: integrated use of lower mantle seismic tomography and satellite altimetry data on gravity patterns; correlation of plume heat with plate velocities assuming that some plumes may dissolve in the asthenosphere; and correlation of rifting with compression and extension zones.

Supercontinents are a unique feature of the planet Earth. A brief review of supercontinents formed since the Archean shows that before the Eocambrian, supercontinents, notably Gondwana and Rodinia, amalgamated through high-temperature mobile belts, all of them containing ultrahigh-temperature granulite occurrences. During the final stage of the amalgamation, the lower continental crust was brought to magmatic temperature (from ~900 to more than 1000 °C) during a variable time span, from less than 10 Ma in the recent short-lived orogens to more than 150 Ma in the Eocambrian (Gondwana) or Neoproterozoic (Rodinia) long-lived orogens. Ultrahigh-temperature granulites worldwide contain the same types of fluid inclusions, namely, dense CO₂ and highly saline aqueous brines. The fluid amount in the peak metamorphic conditions is indicated by the amount of preserved fluid inclusions (especially CO₂) and by the secondary effects caused by the fluids when they left the lower crust, including regional feldspathization, albitization or scapolitization, and formation of megashear zones, either oxidized (quartz-carbonate) or reduced (graphite veins). While some fluids may be locally derived either from mineral reactions or from inherited sediment waters, carbon isotope signature and petrographical arguments suggest that most fluids, both CO₂ and high-salinity brines, are derived from carbonatite melts resulting from partial melting of metasomatized mantle. Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism is critical for supercontinent amalgamation, but the associated fluid causes instability and disruption shortly after amalgamation.

Based on a detailed electron probe microanalysis of the composition and zoning of coexisting minerals (garnet, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase), we have studied the P-T conditions of formation of high-pressure (HP/UHP) rocks of the Maksyutov eclogite-blueschist complex in the South Urals. We have established its periodic evolution and have determined the specific thermodynamic parameters of mineral formation at each stage of its geodynamic history, from the conditions of crystallization of the protolith to the final stages of retrograde greenschist metamorphism. The new analytical data on the composition of coexisting phases confirm the high-pressure formation of eclogites present as numerous lenses, boudins, and interlayers among blueschist and feldspar-mica schists in the lower part of the complex. Thermobarometric calculations of metamorphism parameters were performed for the Grt + Cpx ± Pl + Qz paragenesis using a Grt-Cpx geothermometer and a Pl-Cpx-Qz geobarometer. Garnet in eclogites of the Maksyutov Complex, being conservative to changes in the Р-Т conditions, has a direct, reverse, or inverse chemical zoning. Under equilibrium of garnet with omphacitic clinopyroxene, this zoning recrods conjugate progressive and regressive Р-Т paths reflecting the thermodynamic conditions at the certain stages of the terrane evolution. Based on the data obtained, we have recognized at least four P-T stages of progressive metamorphic transformations of the Maksyutov Complex: (1) >800-910 °C, ~2.5-3.5 GPa; (2) 540-790 °C, 2.0-3.5 GPa; (3) 410-690 °C, 1.1-2.5 GPa; and (4) 310-520 °C, 1.0-1.2 GPa. The estimated P-T parameters of the conjugate regressive stages of metamorphism are as follows: (1) 870-625 °C, 3.5-2.5 GPa; (2) 745-615 °C, 3.5-2.0 GPa; (3) 690-550 °C, 1.5-1.0 GPa; and (4) 590-460 °C, 1.2-0.6 GPa, respectively. The age data for the certain stages, along with the parameters of metamorphism, form a single P-T-t path of the complex, which determines the position of the gradient of the metamorphic field during the complex exhumation.

We present results of a study of the morphology, internal structure, and chemical composition of oceanic zircon, which show that zircon is a sensitive indicator of tectonic and physicochemical processes occurring in the lower oceanic crust. Crystallization of magmatic zircon in gabbroids is not an instantaneous process; it proceeds in the course of differentiation of parental melts in the tectonically active mid-ocean ridge (MOR) setting. The main geochemical indicator of crystallization differentiation during magma cooling is an increase in Hf content toward the zircon grain edge. Zoning is also observed in magmatic zircons from oceanic plagiogranites (OPG), but it is weaker, apparently because of the narrower temperature range of zircon crystallization in these rocks. The OPG zircons are depleted in REE as compared with the least altered magmatic zircons of gabbro, which is probably due to the formation of OPG during the partial melting of gabbro with the participation of concentrated water-salt fluid, a derivate of seawater, and due to the co-crystallization of zircon and apatite. High-temperature hydrothermal processes within slow-spreading MORs lead to a partial or complete recrystallization of zircon as a result of dissolution/redeposition. A significantly reduced cerium anomaly and the presence of microinclusions of xenotime, uranium and thorium oxides or silicates, and, sometimes, baddeleyite in zircon alteration zones indicate a reducing type and high alkalinity of the hydrothermal fluid. The fluid, a derivate of seawater, acquires these features during circulation near the axial zone of ridges as a result of phase separation in the system H2O-NaCl and interaction of the fluid with abyssal peridotites of oceanic core complexes. The estimated solubility of zircon in basic melts indicates that even near-solidus crystallization of zircon is highly unlikely in anhydrous basaltic melts but is possible in differentiates of deep-seated hydrous basic magmas. The Ti-in-Zrn geothermometer must be used with caution, because variations in the Ti content in zircon might be controlled not only by temperature but also by other factors, especially when mineral inclusions in zircon testify to a drastic change in its growth (dissolution) conditions. A geothermometer based on the distribution of Zr and Hf between zircon and the host rock has several advantages over indicators of the crystallization temperature of magmatic zircon that are based on the zircon saturation index and the content of Ti in zircon. It does not depend on the composition of melt and on the correct estimates of the SiO2 and TiO2 activity. In addition, reconstruction of the Zr and Hf fractionation trends during crystallization of zircon from granitoid melts makes it possible to evaluate the temperature of separation of more differentiated melt fractions.

The phase relations and melting of subducting sediment were studied in two series of high-pressure runs at 750-900 ºC and 2.9 GPa and by thermodynamic modeling. In the runs we used a chemical mixture corresponding in composition to global subducting sediment (GLOSS) but enriched in water (Н₂О = 15.52 wt.% as compared with 7.29 wt.% in GLOSS). The first series of runs was carried out in open capsules, and the second series was performed by the same procedure and at the same Р - Т - t parameters but in closed (welded) capsules. The products of the runs of both series showed agreement on the P - T conditions of melting and the presence of garnet, carbonate, kyanite, SiO₂ phase, and phengite in the parageneses. However, the products of all runs in open capsules contain omphacite, including magmatic one, whereas the products of the runs in welded capsules lack it, except for those obtained in the subsolidus run (at 750 ºC). The results of thermodynamic modeling for the composition of the experimental mixture (H₂O-GLOSS) in the closed system are in agreement with the experimental data on the hydrous solidus and the stability of most minerals, showing a decrease in the content of omphacite as melt appears. This specific effect caused by the increased pressure of aqueous fluid in the closed system is observed in the welded capsules. Thermodynamic modeling for the H₂O-GLOSS composition also shows that a complete decomposition of slab carbonates under «hot» subduction conditions is possible, but this result is not confirmed by our experimental data. Since the melting and mineral growth processes in subduction zones are controlled by migrating fluids and melts, it seems correct to rely on the results of runs in open capsules.

New regularities of the viscosity of near-liquid felsic, medium, and mafic hydrous magmas have been established in a wide range of thermodynamic parameters and the Earth’s crust depths (1-30 km). The study was carried out using our new structural and chemical model of reliable predictions and by calculation of the viscosity of magmas of almost any composition. It is shown that these regularities are actually a quantitative physicochemical basis explaining the cause of the relative distribution of intrusive and effusive felsic and mafic rocks in the Earth’s crust. This confirms V.S. Sobolev’s idea of the relationship between the relative distribution of intrusive and effusive felsic, medium, and mafic rocks in the Earth’s crust and the laws of changes in the viscosity of hydrous magmas in a variable P-T field.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the main volatile components of natural magmas, but estimation of its initial contents remains a challenge. Study of melt inclusions in minerals permits a direct estimation of the content of CO2 in the melts. For the precise determination of its content in melt inclusions, it is necessary to analyze the contents of CO2 both in glass and in the fluid daughter phase of the inclusions. In this work we constructed a calibration dependence of the density of CO2 in the range 0.01-0.22 g/cm3 on the distance between its characteristic peaks in Raman spectra (Fermi diads). The accuracy of density determination is ±0.03 g/cm3. The calibration was used to estimate the density of CO2 in the gas phase of melt inclusions in magnesian olivine (Fo84.8-88.5) from basalts of the Karymsky Volcano, eastern Kamchatka. The estimated density was 0.03-0.21 g/cm3. Using these values, we evaluated the minimum initial content of CO2 in the parental magmas of the Karymsky Volcano, 0.45 wt.%. These data, along with the known initial content of water (~4.5 wt.%), indicate that the parental magmas began to crystallize at a pressure of at least 7 kbar (depth of >25 km). To increase the reliability of the above method of estimation of the CO2 content in olivine-hosted melt inclusions, we propose to carry out preliminary experimental reheating of inclusions for complete homogenization of the fluid phase and determination of the 3D size of melt inclusions. The performed study provides a reliable evaluation of the content of CO2 in parental magmas, the depth of crystallization, and the degree of magma degassing and permits a comparison of the compositions of magmatic fluids and high-temperature volcanic gases.

The exposures, structure, mineralogy, and composition of unusual sulfide-bearing troctolites from the Yoko-Dovyren layered intrusion in the northern Baikal area (Russia) are described in detail for the first time. The troctolite succession (referred to as the Konnikov Zone) is characterized by the presence of pegmatoid poikilite sulfides and sulfide dissemination with diverse PGE mineralization. The former are dominated by pyrrhotite-troilite products of exsolution of monosulfide solid solution (mss), and the latter is composed mostly of cubanite-chalcopyrite assemblages produced from an intermediate Ni-Cu-Fe solid solution (iss). The positive covariations between the contents of sulfur and chalcogens (Se, Te) along with the sublinear dependence of the Pd, Pt, Au, and Cu contents on the Te contents indicate a sulfide control of the distribution of these elements in troctolite cumulates. According to the sulfide-normalized contents of these elements in rocks, the average «100% sulfides» in the samples are subdivided into two groups: (1) strongly depleted in PGE, Au, Cu, and Te and (2) with 10-50-fold enrichment in them. This division is consistent with the morphological and mineralogical differences between the groups. Of genetic significance is the fact that the mss assemblages are somewhat poorer in PGE and Te than the primitive sulfides from the Dovyren basal zone, whereas the assemblages with predominant copper sulfides are significantly richer in these elements. This fact is confirmed by LA-ICP-MS data on the trace-element composition of the sulfide phases. The established specific features indicate a limited scale of fractionation of immiscible sulfides during the solidification of the troctolite cumulates. The formation of PGE- and Te-rich assemblages can be related to the course of crystallization of a sulfide precursor similar to the most primitive sulfide liquid. This is consistent with the known laws of crystallization of sulfide systems and explains the abnormally high S/Te ratios in pegmatoid troctolites enriched in mss products. Thus, sulfide melts act as an agent that transports precious metals and chalcogens in the troctolite cumulate area. This conclusion requires specification of the physical mechanisms and parameters (rheology, permeability, wettability by sulfides of different phases, etc.) of the cumulus medium favoring the spatial separation of a monosulfide solution and Cu-containing PGE-rich fractions with their subsequent infiltration and deposition at the boundaries of critical low permeability.

The orientation of 76 mineral inclusions - olivine (25), pyrope (13), and magnesiochromite (38) - was measured in 16 diamond samples from major primary diamond deposits in Yakutia, such as the Mir, Udachnaya, Internatsional’naya, Aikhal, and Yubileinaya kimberlite pipes. The novelty of the performed research is a special approach to a choice of samples containing not only olivine inclusions, plenty of which have been studied in recent years after the publication of the book «Carbon of the Earth» in 2013, but others as well. Our collection comprises 25% of the studied world’s diamond samples, including the most typical diamonds of prevailing peridotite paragenesis, which were found in almost all known kimberlites. Neither our experiments nor similar studies carried out by the world’s researchers in 2014-2019 revealed any inclusions with orientation meeting the epitaxial criterion in the diamonds. Only a few magnesiochromite inclusions in three diamonds have a near-regular orientation. The carbon isotope composition shows a significant correlation with the composition of mineral inclusions in the diamonds of peridotite and eclogite parageneses and no correlation with other properties of the inclusions, which can be considered the geochemical specifics of the latter. At the same time, there are numerous literature and our data on the intricate growth history of diamonds and on the wide variations in the composition of mineral inclusions in different zones of some diamonds. Taking into account this fact and the different morphology of diamonds, we assume the possible coexistence of syngenetic and protogenetic inclusions in the same diamond. This hypothesis is confirmed by finding of peridotite and eclogite xenoliths with garnet- or olivine-enclosed diamonds in kimberlites. All the samples contain heavy hydrocarbons, from pentane (С₅H₁₂) to hexadecane (C₁₆H₃₄), prevailing in fluid inclusions in kimberlite and placer diamonds and in pyrope and olivine of diamond-bearing peridotite xenoliths.

In solving the ecological problems caused by the contamination of the Arctic shelf with oil products, the application of satellite images is relevant. These images allow monitoring observations of the state of oil-producing territories and timely revelation and evaluation of the risks of oil pollution in hard-to-reach and fragile tundra and marine ecosystems. On the basis of remote and land-based imaging data, the zones under the risk of oil pollution were mapped over the territory of the Kolguyev island. The ecological state of soils and coastal waters of the island are considered. A technology for the purification of oil-polluted regions with the application of aboriginal psychrophilic microflora stimulated by nutritive mineral substrates is proposed.

Rhenium containing catalysts are prepared on the basis of high-silica zeolite of pentasil family with a silicate modulus 40. Modification of the zeolite with rhenium introduced using various methods results in the changes in its structural characteristics: a decrease in specific surface area, pore volume and diameter. The most noticeable decrease in these parameters is observed when impregnation and ion exchange are used. The use of rhenium-containing zeolite catalysts for upgrading the straight-run gasoline fraction of oil allows increasing the yield of liquid products - high-octane gasolines characterised by a low content of aromatic hydrocarbons and a high octane number. A decrease in the aromatizing activity of Re-containing catalysts contributes not only to improvements in the environmental characteristics of resulting gasolines but also into an increase in the time of the stable operation of catalysts. Due to an increase in the rate of hydrogenation, the introduction of rhenium significantly reduces the amount of coke deposits formed on the catalysts under study during the process. According to the rate of formation of coke deposits, Re/MFI catalysts prepared using different methods are ranked as follows: ion exchange < ultrafine powder < impregnation < mixing with salt < MFI. Carbon densification products formed on rhenium-containing catalysts are less condensed and more homogeneous than coke obtained on unmodified zeolites. According to the degree of decrease in catalytic activity or aromatizing ability during the same time of operation, the catalysts under study may be ranked as follows: MFI > Re/MFI (ion exchange) > Re/MFI (ultrafine powder) > Re/MFI (impregnation) > Re/MFI (mixing with salt).

The laws governing the conversion of components of natural and associated petroleum gases into aromatic hydrocarbons over zeolite catalysts modified with active metal additives are investigated. According to the data obtained, the catalysts under study exhibit high activity in the course of the aromatization of lower C2-C4 alkanes. For almost complete conversion of the feedstock, the selectivity towards the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons over Ga-AC and Zn-ZSM-5 samples at 550 °C is 44.6 and 37.8 %, respectively. The highest catalytic activity and selectivity in the conversion of natural gas into aromatic hydrocarbons is exhibited by Zn-containing zeolites. The yield of aromatic hydrocarbons over them reaches 26.7 % at 650 °C. This is higher by 9.0 and 19.0 % than the yield over Ga-containing and unmodified zeolites, respectively. The revealed differences in the behaviour of the catalysts are due to various functional features of their active sites formed when metals are introduced into the zeolite matrix. The yield of aromatic hydrocarbons from the conversion of a mixture of C2-C4 alkanes over zeolite-containing catalysts is significantly higher than that in the case of natural gas conversion, which is due to the high thermodynamic stability of its major component - methane. The nature of coke deposits formed on the surface of the catalysts under study during the aromatization of low-molecular C2-C4 paraffins was studied by means of differential thermal analysis. The stability of Zn-ZSM-5 in this process was determined to be higher than that of the Ga-containing zeolite.

The composition and structure of nitrogenous bases of the resins of bituminous oil from the Ashalchinskoye deposit of Tatarstan are investigated using a complex of analytical methods including elemental and functional analyses, determination of molecular masses, 1H NMR spectroscopy, structural group analysis, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry. The nitrogen bases of the resins in oil are analysed before and after their thermal treatment at 450 °C for 30 min in the inert medium. It is established that the nitrogenous bases of the initial resins and "secondary" maltenes are represented by high and low molecular weight compounds. High molecular weight bases prevail in both cases, though their proportion in "secondary" maltenes is much lower. Thermally transformed bases are characterised by lower average molecular weights. This is due to the destruction of alkyl and naphthenic moieties proceeding in the course of thermolysis and resulting in the changes in their structure and the formation of lower molecular weight compounds. As revealed by means of structural group analysis, the mean molecules of a significant part of high molecular weight bases of the "secondary" maltenes are more aromatic due to a decrease in the number of naphthenic cycles and in the number of paraffin carbon atoms in their structural blocks. Low molecular weight bases differ from those of the initial resins in a higher number of naphthenic cycles in the structural blocks of their mean molecules. Alkyl-substituted quinolines and benzoquinolines, naphthoquinolines, naphtho[2,1,8-def]quinolines, thiophenoquinolines, and benzothiophenoquinolines have been identified among the major compounds of initial resins and "secondary" maltenes. The maximum in their distribution falls on alkylbenzoquinolines. The bases of "secondary" maltenes are characterized by a higher relative content of alkylquinolines and alkylthiophenoquinolines. A distinctive feature of the bases of "secondary" maltenes is also an increased proportion of structures with a lower number of carbon atoms in alkyl substituents.

The ability of heavy oil asphaltenes and oil residues to generate low and high molecular weight components during thermolysis at 290 °C is assessed. It was established that the conversion of asphaltenes exceeds 99 mass %, regardless of the degree of their transformation during the rectification of heavy oil. Oil asphaltenes generate the maximal amount of resins (21.4 mass %). while fuel oil and tar asphaltenes generate 9.4 and 7.3 mass %, respectively. It was shown that thermal transformations of asphaltenes during the rectification of heavy oil lead to the removal of large structural fragments from their molecules, thereby reducing the ability of asphaltenes to generate resinous substances at 290 °C. At the same time, the molecular structure of asphaltenes is compacted, which leads to an increase in their tendency to form coke-like products. The yield of coke-like products of the low-temperature thermolysis of asphaltenes from oil, fuel oil and tar is 42.1, 54.4 and 58.1 mass %, respectively. It is established that the thermal transformations of asphaltenes in the process of heavy oil rectification do not have any significant effect on their ability to generate gas and liquid hydrocarbons during thermal degradation. The results of the study should be taken into account when developing new technologies for the primary processing of heavy crude oils and upgrading the existing ones.

The rocks of Lower Cretaceous section in four exploration wells at the oil-producing fields of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District were investigated. Dispersed organic matter was characterised by the composition of hydrocarbons using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MC). Steranes, hopanes, n-alkanes and isoprenoid alkanes, naphthalenes, phenanthrenes, sesquiterpanes, dibenzothiophenes and dibenzofurans, retene, cadalene and simonellit were identified. Metalloporphyrins and perylene were determined by means of spectrophotometry. It was shown that the sediments studied were deposited under suboxidative conditions in the sedimentation basin with a significant contribution of both phytoplankton and terrestrial vegetation to the initial organic matter. Sedimentation proceeded near the coastline of the sea or in a coastal water body, which was periodically flooded by the sea. The thermal maturity of the organic matter corresponds to the major zone of oil formation.

The effect of the integrated action of low-frequency acoustic treatment, demulsifiers and the temperature factor on the stability and structural-mechanical properties of oil-water emulsions of paraffin low-resin oil from the Ignyalinskoye deposit is investigated. After low-frequency acoustic treatment of emulsions, water phase droplets are dispersed, and their number increases. Acoustic processing and introduction of demulsifier do not lead to the destruction of oil-water emulsions (10 mass %) stabilizing them due to an increase in the fragmentation of the dispersed phase. The integrated action is an effective method of the destruction of 50 mass % emulsions. After integrated processing, the size of the droplets of disperse phase in oil systems increases. Acoustic treatment of oil, oil-water emulsions (10 and 50 mass %) is accompanied by a quantitative increase in resin-asphaltene components. However, significant changes are observed only in the structural-group composition of asphaltenes.

Changes in the structural parameters of tar and asphaltene molecules of sediments obtained after oil dewaxing with liquefied petroleum gas at temperatures of 0, -5, -15 and -25 ° C were studied. It is shown that with a decrease in process temperature the amount of precipitate formed in the process increases from 10.9 to 13.4 mass %; deeper dewaxing, complete deasphalting and partial detarring also take place. It was established that a decrease in precipitation temperature from 0 to -25 ° C causes changes in the structural-group characteristics of asphaltene and resin molecules: molecular mass, the number of aromatic and naphthenic cycles, alkyl substituents and structural blocks in the molecule.

The process of elimination of hydrogen sulphide from methane in the plasma of barrier discharge in the presence of octane vapour is investigated. The use of octane vapour in the initial mixture with methane and hydrogen sulphide allows us to avoid the formation of deposit on the electrodes of the plasmachemical reactor and to achieve the high level of inhibition of the reactions leading to the formation of polymer-like compounds. The extent of hydrogen sulphide removal reaches 98 %, methane conversion does not exceed 10 %. Power consumption for the removal of hydrogen sulphide is 83 (kW · h)/kg. The major gaseous products of the treatment in the barrier discharge are hydrogen (30 %) and ethane (30 %). Among sulphur-containing products, mainly mono- and dialkyl sulphides were detected. A possible mechanism of the process is proposed. The ways to manage the plasmachemical process are substantiated.

The state of vegetation cover at the territory of Archinskoye, Shinginskoye, Kazanskoye, Yuzhno-Tabaganskoye and Zapadno-Ostaninskoye hydrocarbon deposits in the Tomsk Region was studied using satellite data from the MODIS spectroradiometer. The time series of the values of the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) were calculated for the period from 2007 to 2019. Analysis of the dynamics of changes in the average EVI values allowed us to determine the minimal and maximal values of the index for the studied territories, and to identify a trend of an increase in its values, which indicates a good (non-depressed) state of vegetation and an improvement in the environmental situation of the studied territories of oil-producing complexes in the Tomsk Region.

The effect of the nature of the carbon template used in the synthesis of zeolites with a mesoporous pore system on their physicochemical properties is studied. It was revealed with the help of IR spectroscopy and X-ray phase analysis that the nature of the carbon material used in the synthesis of zeolites does not affect their crystallinity, which is 100 % for all zeolites. Investigation of the textural characteristics of the samples showed that the addition of carbon material to the reaction mixture during the synthesis of zeolite results in a decrease in the specific surface area and an increase in the volume of mesopores. The volume of micropores changes only slightly. The addition of carbon at the stage of zeolite synthesis leads to the formation of mesopores, the sizes of which are 3.5-20.0 nm in the case of the use of carbon black, and 3.3-8.6 nm in the case of nanoglobular carbon. The catalytic properties of Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts prepared on the basis of synthesised zeolites are studied, and the dependence of their activity and stability during the non-oxidative conversion of methane on the physicochemical properties of the zeolites used is shown. The formation of a mesoporous structure in the zeolite promotes a more uniform and dense distribution of Mo clusters with sizes not exceeding 1 nm in zeolite channels. It is shown that 4.0 % Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts based on zeolites with a mesoporous structure exhibit higher activity and stability in the non-oxidative conversion of methane to aromatic hydrocarbons than the catalysts based on zeolites with a microporous structure. The highest methane conversion is achieved over a 4.0 % Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst based on zeolite synthesised with carbon black.

The effect of the nature of the carbon template used in the synthesis of zeolites with a mesoporous pore system on their physicochemical properties is studied. It was revealed with the help of IR spectroscopy and X-ray phase analysis that the nature of the carbon material used in the synthesis of zeolites does not affect their crystallinity, which is 100 % for all zeolites. Investigation of the textural characteristics of the samples showed that the addition of carbon material to the reaction mixture during the synthesis of zeolite results in a decrease in the specific surface area and an increase in the volume of mesopores. The volume of micropores changes only slightly. The addition of carbon at the stage of zeolite synthesis leads to the formation of mesopores, the sizes of which are 3.5-20.0 nm in the case of the use of carbon black, and 3.3-8.6 nm in the case of nanoglobular carbon. The catalytic properties of Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts prepared on the basis of synthesised zeolites are studied, and the dependence of their activity and stability during the non-oxidative conversion of methane on the physicochemical properties of the zeolites used is shown. The formation of a mesoporous structure in the zeolite promotes a more uniform and dense distribution of Mo clusters with sizes not exceeding 1 nm in zeolite channels. It is shown that 4.0 % Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts based on zeolites with a mesoporous structure exhibit higher activity and stability in the non-oxidative conversion of methane to aromatic hydrocarbons than the catalysts based on zeolites with a microporous structure. The highest methane conversion is achieved over a 4.0 % Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst based on zeolite synthesised with carbon black.

The destruction of organic matter in oil-contaminated clay soil by native microflora was studied under laboratory conditions. Peat and the solution of a composition containing a surfactant and a nitrogenous substrate, as well as their combination with phytoremediation, were used as stimulating additives. After biodegradation, the residual oil was extracted and examined by means of IR spectroscopy, gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and chromatography-mass spectrometry. According to the data of IR spectroscopy, peat and a solution of the composition promote the utilisation of paraffins, which is accompanied by an increase in the relative content of aromatic and carbonyl-containing structures. The isoprenoid coefficient K_i , which reflects the degree of hydrocarbon biodegradation, was calculated from GLC spectra as the ratio of iso- and n -alkanes. It increases with the introduction of stimulating substrates and soil loosening. The maximal biodegradation (biodestruction) coefficient is observed for the sample of oil-contaminated clay soil containing the surfactant composition, which contributes to oil emulsification and accelerates biodegradation. Acyclic ( n- and isoalkanes), alicyclic (cyclohexanes, drimanes, cheilanthanes, regular and rearranged steranes and hopanes), naphthenoaromatic (mono- and triaromatic steranes), and aromatic (mono-, bi-, tri-, tetra- and pentacyclic) hydrocarbons were detected in the soil organic compound (SOC) by means of chromatography-mass spectrometry. As a result of biodestruction stimulated by the introduction of peat and the nutrient substrate, the concentration of hydrocarbons decreased significantly: n-alkanes - by 74-82 %, aromatic compounds - by 97-99 %, cyclohexanes - by 78-92 %, oil steranes and hopanes - by 88-97 %. The introduction of the composition containing a nitrogenous substrate and a surfactant into the soil leads to a significant decrease in the content of C₁₂-C₃₄ alkanes to the level of background soil. The introduction of peat additive veils (shades) the results of alkane oxidation due to their presence in peat itself. The use of stimulating substrates leads to a decrease in the content of aromatic hydrocarbons during biodegradation: monocyclic by 82-89 %, bicyclic - by 55-81 %, tricyclic - by 74-89 %, tetracyclic - by 54-77 %.

Rubber-like elastic cryogels were formed from a two-component solution of polyvinyl alcohol in water after a freezing-thawing cycle, and their rheological properties are investigated. The interest in such environmentally friendly polymer cryostructures having viscoelastic properties is due to the fact that they are currently in high demand in the northern regions of the country. Cryogels are promising structural materials used for the development of new arctic technologies for oilfield engineering and for strengthening seasonally thawing soil in the permafrost zone, as well as for the construction and arrangement of hydraulic structures. As a result of the studies of the properties of cryostructuring agents, it was revealed that due to the mechanical action of external loads, elastic moduli of deformed cryogel samples decrease monotonously with time. Elastic moduli are traditionally used to quantitatively characterise the physical and mechanical properties of Hookean materials. The results of comparative experiments conducted by different researchers using the same cryogel samples are interpreted ambiguously due to the inconstancy of the elastic moduli of viscoelastic systems. In this work, the possibility and necessity to use cryogel relaxation time values as a quantitative criterion for describing the rheological properties of polyvinyl alcohol cryogels are experimentally substantiated. The values of the relaxation time of cryogels are proposed to be used instead of cryogel elasticity moduli to evaluate the viscoelastic properties of polymer systems in future design calculations.

Hydrocarbon deposits occurring at a depth of more than 4.5 km are poorly studied, although they are situated on all continents. This slows down the assimilation of these resources. Analysis of the information from the database of the Institute of Petroleum Chemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the physicochemical properties of oil showed that the largest oil reserves are concentrated at depth down to 3000 m. The features of the changes of physicochemical properties of oils were established to depend on the depth of occurrence. It is shown that in different oil basins the density and viscosity of oil decreases with depth. The content of sulphur, resins and asphaltenes decreases with depth, while the content of petroleum gas and fractions increases with depth. The analysis of hydrocarbon occurrence conditions at great depths was carried out. The prospects of oil and gas potential of the deep sediments of oil and gas basins in Russia and Western Siberia, in particular, are evaluated.

Black coal is formed by a carbon framework originating from metamorphism of condensed polycyclic organic compounds. This framework includes volatile organic substances, as well as a definite amount of mineral admixtures that form ash after coal combustion. The content of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coal depends on the nature of initial plant material that participated in the stages of coal formation, and on thermodynamic conditions of this process. One of the major representatives of PAHs possessing a strong carcinogenic effect is benz(a)pyrene. The group of PAHs compounds also includes phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, which are the major components of emissions during coal production, transportation, storage, concentrating, gasification, coking and combustion, and serve as convenient tracers to evaluate the pollution of the atmosphere, surface waters, and soil. The latter plays the part of a special accumulator into which PAHs get as a result of the global transport of emissions from anthropogenic sources and arrival from natural sources into the atmosphere. Because of this, soil relates to the most representative objects to study PAHs accumulation. The presence of these compounds may play the role of indicators depicting the presence of pollution source. As a rule, PAHs are determined by means of gas and high-performance liquid chromatography. Gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry appears to be the most promising method. To obtain reliable data on PAHs content in various objects, special attention is paid to sample preparation (extraction, purification, concentrating). Methodically correct arrangement of this stage allows excluding a noticeable fraction of the possible error of quantitative determination. The paper presents a review of the methods of PAHs extraction from solid matrices, in particular from fossil coal. It is demonstrated that all ranks of coal may be the sources from which toxic and carcinogenic PAHs enter various environmental objects. A review of the scientific foundations and modern practical methods of PAHs extraction from black coal is presented, the data on the distribution of the representatives of this group of compounds and on the prediction of carcinogenic activity during coal mining, transportation and processing are assessed.

The thermal stability and reactivity of heavy oil asphaltenes at temperatures below 300 °C were evaluated. In this work, we used an original method of sequential stepwise thermolysis of asphaltenes at temperatures of 120, 230, and 290 °C in the inert gas flow with the removal of the resulting products from the reaction zone at each stage of the process. This approach allows us to minimise the occurrence of secondary reactions to assess the true reactivity of asphaltenes, and also to take into account the differences in the binding energies in their molecules to determine the real thermal stability of asphaltenes within different temperature ranges. It was established that when asphaltenes are heated to 300 °C, they undergo intense thermal degradation with the formation of gas, oils, resins and insoluble coke-like substances. In the process of sequential stepwise thermolysis up to 290 ºС, the conversion of heavy oil asphaltenes exceeds 90 %. At a temperature of 120 °C, the conversion of asphaltenes can reach 13 % with the formation of mainly resinous substances (more than 10 mass %). An increase in thermolysis temperature to 230 °C leads to an increase in the conversion of asphaltenes to 40 % due to their ability to generate significant amounts of gas and oils (14-18 mass %), as well as coke-like products (2-10 mass %) under these conditions. In the process of subsequent thermolysis of asphaltenes at a temperature of 290 ºС, the maximum amount of coke-like substances (29-37 mass %) is formed. The yield of low molecular weight products is also significant and amounts to about 20 mass %. Thus, at temperatures below 300 ^oС, asphaltenes of heavy oils are characterised by low thermal stability and extremely high reactivity in thermal processes. The results obtained must be taken into account when developing new and modernising existing oil refining technologies.

In vivo tumor models created in various mouse strains play an important role in studies on antitumor therapies. An adequately selected model allows one to sufficiently assess the significance of the effect of the studied substance on molecular targets, its effect on the growth and viability of the tumor, and also to reveal a therapeutic window between the effectiveness of treatment and toxicity. An appropriately selected model allows an adequate assessment of the significance of the effect of the studied substance on molecular targets, the model’s effect on the growth and viability of the tumor, and also detection of a therapeutic window between the treatment effectiveness and toxicity. Xenografts of human tumors transplanted to immunodeficient mice are one of the most popular models for studying tumorigenesis and antitumor effects. Immunodeficiency of animal recipients is the prerequisite to prevent the rejection of tumor material from another biological species. A large number of different mouse strains have been developed, with varying severity of immune system defects and with various phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The choice of an animal strain for a model creation depends on the research tasks. The success of an experiment directly depends on choosing the correct strain of experimental animals.

The aim of the research was to study the effect of photoperiodism disturbances on platelet aggregation activity. Material and methods. The experiment was conducted in two stages in 5 groups of male rats: the control group and four experimental groups. At the first stage, the animals were exposed to 24 h/day continuous light (24L:0D) for 10 and 21 days. In the second stage, animals after 10 and 21 days of round-the-clock lighting were returned to natural lighting for a period of 21 days to study the reversibility of changes. Animals were withdrawn from the experiment by intramuscular injection based on body weight of drugs for anesthesia (telazol, xylanite). Blood sampling was performed by puncture of the right heart. The functional activity of platelets was determined no later than 3 hours after the collection of blood. Results and discussion. The results of the experiment indicate a direct effect of light desynchronosis on the increase in platelet aggregation ability, while it was noted that the degree of increase in aggregation activity and reversibility of changes directly depend on the duration of round-the-clock lighting. So, a 10-day stay of animals in conditions of abnormal lighting leads to an increase in aggregation indices, which remain at a high level even when animals return to normal conditions. In animals that were under round-the-clock illumination for 21 days, a more pronounced increase in platelet aggregation values relative to animals on day 10 was noted. In this regard, it can be argued that circadian rhythm disturbances provoke the development of microvasculature disorders.

Objective. The aim of research was to evaluate experimentally the feasibility of using of control methods of safety indicators of leukoreduced platelet concentrates (CPl). Material and methods. The analysis of 14 leukoreduced platelet concentrates samples was performed. Platelet count was estimated in a 2-grid Goryaev’s camera using a «Mikmed-1» light microscope and conductometry with hydrodynamic focusing on an «XT-4000i» hematology analyzer. To determine the residual number of leukocytes, we used the laser flow cytofluorimetry method by «FACS Canto II» analyzer. The pH was measured by the potentiometric method by a pH-millivoltmeter «pH-150M». The feasibility of applying safety performance monitoring techniques was assessed based on the basis of coefficient of variation (CV) . Results and discussion. The maximum CV value when calculating the platelet count in the Goryaev’s camera was 18,6 %; conductometry method - 2,8 %. CV when determining the residual number of leukocytes by laser flow cytofluorimetry did not exceed 17,5 %. The CV of the method for determining pH by potentiometric method was 0,4 %. Conclusion. To control the platelet count, a unified method of counting in a 2-grid Goryaev’s camera and conductometry method with hydrodynamic focusing on hematology analyzer are recommended. Laser flow cytofluorimetry should be used to determine the residual number of leukocytes. The maximum CV values were taken as the assigned convergence characteristics: for the unified counting method - not more than 18,6 %, for the conductometry method - not more than 2,8 %, for laser flow cytofluorimetry - not more than 17,5 %, for potentiometry - not more than 0,4 %.

Aim of the study was to investigate the morphological features of neurons of the parietal cortex and hippocampus of rats with subtotal cerebral ischemia (SACI) during administration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA). Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on 24 white outbred male rats. Surgical interventions were carried out under conditions of intravenous thiopental anesthesia (40-50 mg/kg). Acute SACI was modeled by bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries. The animals of the main group ( n = 6, SACI + omega-3 PUFA) received intragastric injections of omega-3 PUFA preparation at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight prior to ischemia for a week. In the comparison group ( n = 6, SACI), the drug was not used; the control ( n = 6) was sham operated animals, which were incised without skin ligation. Animals were decapitated after 60 minutes of ischemia. In rats, morphological changes in the neurons of the parietal cortex and the CA1 field of the hippocampus were studied. For morphometric and histochemical studies, animals were quickly removed after decapitation of the brain, pieces of the anterior cortex of the cerebral hemispheres were fixed in Carnoy fluid. Serial paraffin sections were stained with 0.1 % toluidine blue according to the Nissl method. Statistical hypothesis testing was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test. Results and discussion. The morphological and functional disorders in the parietal cortex and hippocampus have been revealed in animals of both experimental groups. The appointment of omega-3 did not significantly affect the size and shape of neurons in both the parietal cortex and the hippocampus. In the hippocampus, the administration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids resulted in a decrease in the number of hyperchromic shriveled neurons (by 20%) and an increase in hyperchromic neurons by 31 %. The number of shadow cells in this section did not differ from the indices of the control group. In the parietal cortex, no corrective effect was noted. Conclusions. Thus, subtotal cerebral ischemia leads to the development of morphofunctional disorders of the cerebral cortex. Administration of omega-3 had a positive effect on the state of rat hippocampal neurons, reducing the number of degenerative forms of neurons. The data obtained can serve as the basis for the search for new approaches to the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, which is one of the urgent problems of experimental and clinical neurology.

We report a case of a 47-years old woman presented to our department with the diagnosis of Chiari I malformation and extensive hydrosyringomyelia. Her main complains were severe headache and chronic pain syndrome in the left side of her breast and left arm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed alterations suggestive of the presence of intracranial hypotension (IH), that was confirmed by measurement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure and then CSF venous fistula was detected by computed tomography myelography (CTM). She was successfully surgically treated which leaded to the regression of the clinical symptoms and radiological alterations. Nevertheless, during her recovery after surgery she had an episode of recurrent left arm pain, which was interpreted as secondary cervical spine degeneration consequence. MRI confirmed C5-C6 disc herniation and transforaminal epidural injection of local anesthetic and corticosteroid solutions was performed. A week later she already felt significant improvement as her pain syndrome regressed a lot. IH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of headache and sagging brainstem and tonsils with cord syrinx on MRI and should not be misinterpreted as Chiari malformation. At the same time, transforaminal epidural injection appears to be an effective tool in modern neurosurgical practice allowing to determine the reason and accurate radiculopathy level.

Aim of the study was the development of treatment and diagnostic algorithm for iatrogenic vascular aneurysms and their surgical treatment. Material and methods. The paper presents an analysis of the treatment results of 19 patients (15 men - 78.9 % and 4 women - 21.1 %) with iatrogenic vascular damages and their consequences. The method of endovascular complete vascular occlusion was used for the patients treatment. Results. The following methods were used for surgical treatment: vascular ligation - 3 cases, side seam - 6; plastic surgery was performed on the vessels of 4 patients (autovenous, homovenous or synthetic prosthetics) with the use of endovascular full vascular occlusion. The following methods were used after the aneurysm removal: lateral suture - 6 (31.5 %); circular seam - 1 (5.2 %); dressing - 4 (21 %); autovenous shunting - 2 (10.5 %); extraanatomical shunting - 1 (5.2 %); homovenous bypass surgery - 1 (5.2 %); Z-shaped seams - 1 (5.2 %); Palm’s оperation - 1 (5.2 %). The following complications were observed after the operation: vascular thrombosis - 1, arrosive bleeding - 1 patient. There were no forced amputations and deceased patients. In the postoperative period of 16 (84.2 %) patients, wound healing was primary; 3 (15.8 %) healing occurred by secondary intention. Conclusion The proposed diagnostic and treatment algorithm improves the efficiency of surgical treatment of iatrogenic aneurysms by the method of endovascular complete vascular occlusion and obtains good results.

There have been multiple scientific publications reporting of cases and post-hoc analysis of relationship between the prostaglandin analogues (PA) use and postoperative macular edema development in patients underwent cataract surgery. The purpose of research is to compare effects of different groups of antihypertensive drugs on condition of central retina in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) after phacoemulsification of cataract (PC) and combined surgeries for cataract and glaucoma. Material and methods. Analysis was carried out with data on 36 patients (49 eyes) underwent the cataract surgery on the top of POAG: group I - 12 patients (15 eyes) who were receiving antihypertensive therapy of PA before and after PC; group II - 10 patients (11 eyes) who were receiving PA therapy prior to combined surgery for cataract and glaucoma (PA were cancelled during postoperative period); group III - 14 patients (25 eyes) who were receiving antihypertensive therapy of any drug group excluding PA before and after PC. Results. The thickness in central retina of all 3 groups` patients was comparable both before and after the surgery, differences were statistically insignificant. Cross-group measurement results were also statistically insignificant. Conclusion. Findings of the study have not identified any convincing evidence that would support a change of antihypertensive drugs against POAG as a preparation for cataract surgery and during early postoperative period to reduce the risk of macular edema. The use of prostaglandins analogs does not result in conspicuous changes in thickness of macula zone of retina during postoperative period.

Hypernatremia along with septic complications is the most frequent and dangerous complication in patients with severe burn trauma. The intravenous infusion of hypoosmolar solutions is considered to be a common tactic in overcoming critical hypernatremia, although the safety and effectiveness of this approach is questioned. The aim of the work was to clarify the pathogenesis of hypernatremia and define the tactic for its correction in the acute period of severe burn trauma. Material and Methods. The retrospective study included 82 adult patients treated in the ICU of the Burn Trauma Center of Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Hospital between 2015-2018 years. There were patients both with partial thickness burns TBSA >40 % or with full thickness burns TBSA 20 % with or without the thermoinhalation trauma. Results. Hypernatremia (serum Na > 150 mmol/L) usually occurred 4-6 days after a severe burn injury. This complication was detected in 27 % of patients. Cortisol serum levels were at the upper limit of the norm, meantime the serum concentration of aldosterone was significantly increased on 3rd day after trauma. Based on the obtained data, hypernatremia was corrected using enteral rehydration (oral water up to 20-30 ml/kg/day), Spironolactone (200-300 mg/day), intravenous titration of furosemide in small doses (60-100 mg/day). Permanent renal replacement therapy started when a patient›s serum sodium level was greater than 160-163 mmol/L. Conclusion. Significant increase of the serum aldosterone concentration in patients with severe burn trauma was noted by the 3 day, so the use of spironolactone should begin in these terms. Titrated intravenous introduction of furosemide in small doses (60-100 mg/day) allows removing sodium without adverse effects. In addition, the use of additional enteral rehydration is necessary.

Aim of the study was to investigate the results of endoscopic diagnostics and peroral operative endoscopy in subepithelial esophageal tumors. Material and methods. Data of 21 patients underwent flexible endoscopic interventions for subepithelial esophageal tumors (SET) from 2016 till 2019 were analyzed. Main endoscopic methods to reveal and characterize tumors preoperatively are examination in white light, narrow light spectrum imaging, radial endoscopic ultrasonographic scanning. Tumors from 8 till 40 mm in maximal dimension removed by endoscopic mucosal resection (2 tumors in 1 patient), tunnel dissection (13 cases) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (7 cases). The additional endoscopic ultrasonography was demanded intraoperatively in 2 cases of difficult tumor location and blurry visualization. Results and discussion. Subepithelial esophageal tumors are mainly diagnosed occasionally in patients without symptoms related to tumor. Suspicion of the tumor was based on routine esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Following endoscopic ultrasonography of planned esophageal segment allowed rejecting or confirming the lesion (21 patients), evaluating its echoscopic structure, size, growth direction, intramural location and connection to wall layers to make an assumption related to tumor morphology, to plan way of tumor removal. We choose interventions in depends on combination of available tumor features. Technical success of endoscopic interventions with use of flexible endoscope under this approach is noted in all the patients. So endoscopic methods are important for primary and detailed diagnostics and also effective for operative treatment in cases of appropriate indications.

Severe climatic conditions adversely affect the human reproductive function; there is evidence of earlier aging of the endocrine system in residents of the northern territories. However, there is insufficient data on the content of androgens and estrogens in postmenopausal women of the North. This determined the aim of the work - to study the characteristics of the content of sex hormones in fertile and postmenopausal women in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Material and methods. In the period of increasing daylight hours, there were examined 60 residents of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District of the reproductive ( n = 33) and postmenopausal ( n = 27) periods. The serum luteinizing, follicle-stimulating hormones, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, total and free fractions of testosterone, estrogen, estrone, sex-hormone-binding globulin were determined by immunoassay analysis using sets of «Khema-Medica» (Russia), Alkor-Bio (Russia), DRG (Germany). The research results were statistically processed using application software package STATISTIC 10.0. Results. There were shown high median values of progesterone (2.41 nmol/L) and dihydrotestosterone (191.02 pg/ml) in postmenopausal women, as well as increased concentrations of sex-hormone-binding globulin in both fertile (170.66 nmol/L) and postmenopausal (154.84 nmol/L) women. At the same time, free testosterone levels are slightly reduced, especially in postmenopausal women (0.50 pg/ml). Conclusion. The revealed features of the hormonal profile of women living in high latitudes may be an unfavorable factor for the development of various metabolic disorders.

To diagnose hereditary spherocytosis (HS), an osmotic resistance test is used to assess the severity of hemolysis in a series of hypotonic sodium chloride solutions, which demands intensive and time consuming workload and has low sensitivity and specificity. New methods for evaluating osmotic resistance based on flow cytometry were proposed, but they are not sufficiently standardized. Objective: development and testing of the method for determining the osmotic resistance of red blood cells (RBCs) using flow cytometry in patients with HS. Material and methods. In 2017-2019, 33 patients with HS and 30 children in the control group were examined. The method included the study of blood preparations in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and their serial dilutions in distilled water using flow cytometry, both in fresh blood and after 24-hour incubation. The proportion of preserved (not hemolized) RBCs was evaluated. As reference intervals, 5 and 95 percentiles of the control group indicators were used. Results and discussion. Among people with HS, before incubation, pathological changes in at least two dilutions were detected in 81.8 % of patients; after incubation, pathological changes were detected additionally in 4 out of 6 patients. Diagnostic sensitivity of the test is 93.9 %, specificity 83.3 %, positive and negative predictive values 86.1 and 92.6 %, respectively. It was found that the method with proposed reference intervals allows evaluating the osmotic resistance of erythrocytes fast and objectively, and can be used for differential diagnosis in hereditary spherocytosis.

Aim of the study was to investigate rates of mortality from the alcohol-related reasons among the population of the Republic of Buryatia and their dynamics during 2013-2017 for assessment of efficiency of the preventive actions directed to decrease in prevalence of scales of alcoholism. Material and methods. Medical statistics presented in official publications of the Rosstat and the Republican Medical Information and Analytical Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Buryatia were used as an empirical base. Mortality rates are calculated on the average annual population. Results and discussion. 2974 persons died from the alcohol-associated reasons in the Republic during 2013-2017 according to Buryatstat. The rate of mortality decreased by 11.98 % on 100 thousand population (from 60.30 to 53.85). That exceeds similar indicators in the Far Eastern Federal District (further the FEFD) by 1.76 times, Siberian Federal District (further the SFD) by 1.52 times and the Russian Federation by 1.45 times. According to this indicator the Republic of Buryatia takes the 2nd rank place after Transbaikal region among 11 subjects included into the FEFD since 03.11.2018. Conclusions. Mortality indicator from the alcohol-associated reasons is one of the most informative indicators for assessment of the territories social and economic development and wellbeing. The decrease in mortality from the alcohol-associated reasons and volumes of alcoholic products consumption per caput is noted in recent years in the Republic. At the same time, the problem of increase in rates of growth of the mortality value from the alcohol-associated reasons among female population of working-age, living in rural areas allerts. Territories of risk with the high level of population alcoholic mortality and relating to «the most drinking», geographically being most far off from the capital of the Republic are revealed.

Objectives. The paper aims was forming the first health-related quality of life population indicators using EQ-5D-3L survey that represents the Russian population by gender and age, as well as by the attained level of education. Material and methods . For compiling population indicators, we use the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. The study was conducted on the adult Russian population aged 18 to 75 years. A representative sample was 12616 respondents. Results. 59.3 % of the sample is in good health (profile 11111). The proportion of respondents reporting any health problems increases with age. The average score on a 100-point visual analogue scale is 72.4 (standard deviation 18,1; 95 per cent confidence interval from 72,1 to 72,7). Men, on average, tend to assess their health higher than women. However there are no statistically significant differences in health scores among educational groups, taking into account gender and age data. Conclusions. Comparison of health-related quality of life estimations with normative population data allows us to track differences in health between population groups, as well as to analyze the health status and progress in treating patients. The Russian health-related quality indicators from EQ-5D-3L survey are similar to the Hungary population indices, as well as to many European countries, the USA, and Argentina for age cohorts under 45 years of age. For the cohorts of respondents older than 45 years, Russian estimations are much lower than in other countries. This evidence confirms that borrowing scales from other countries for converting EQ-5D-3L values into a preference EQ-5D-3L index is not acceptable for Russian patients, especially for the elderly.