Home – Home – Jornals – Thermophysics and Aeromechanics 2019 number 6

An overview of the current developments and prospects for the use of metasurfaces in optics, particularly holography, is presented. Particular attention is paid to the physics of controlling the phase delay of radiation scattered by metaatoms and the transformation of an incident wave front by a metasurface. A number of examples demonstrate the effectiveness of focusing radiation and forming a holographic image by metasurfaces of various types.

A method and a device are developed for measuring the basic parameter of synthesized security holograms with the use of capabilities of microscopy with micro-size resolution and diffractometry with a multiangular system of illumination. Based on consecutive illumination of the hologram surface by collimated monochromatic light sources at different angles in the field of vision of a special digital microscope and subsequent processing of the resultant images, an information map of the surface is formed, which contains information on the basic parameters of "holopixels" forming the structure of the security hologram (pitch of diffraction gratings, their angular orientation, and normalized intensity of reflected light), as well as the image of the hologram surface in scattered light matched with this map. By moving the hologram under consideration in the focal plane of the digital microscope to a distance equal to the field of vision of the microscope with subsequent matching of the data obtained, it is possible to construct the information map of the entire hologram surface with micron resolution.

A possibility of using a micromirror modulator for optical encoding with time integration in quasi-monochromatic spatially incoherent light is considered. An experimental setup for optical recording of encoded optical images by a digital camera is presented. Images containing text and graphical information are encoded; these images are successfully decoded by the method of inverse filtration. The use of time integration of optically encoded images allows reduction of noise induced by binarization of holograms containing encoding keys subjected to modulation and enhancement of the diffraction efficiency of the encoding process.

Factors responsible for parasitic distortions of interferograms in control systems based on reference single-component high-aperture computer-synthesized holograms (CSHs), which are written on flat substrates and have a binary phase structure, are analyzed as applied to the problem of interferometric inspection of spherical and aspherical surfaces with high angular apertures. To improve the quality of such CSHs, methods, tools, and recording materials (titanium and chromium films) are used, which are suitable for the technology of direct laser recording of their diffraction structure to ensure the formation of interferograms with the minimum parasitic distortions. In particular, to reduce the variations of the interferogram contrast, it is proposed to perform modulation of the local transmission coefficient of the CSH structure by means of modulation of the duty ratio of diffraction zones. Possible applications of the thermochemical laser technology of recording on titanium and chromium films for fabrication of high-aperture holograms with a normalized orifice of f/1 and more are discussed.

Different versions of one of the types of zero-order holograms, namely trackograms for the formation of security features for nonexpert verification of their authenticity, are considered. A volumetric image in the trackograms is formed by glare on the walls of toroidal track surfaces, which are relief bands on the recording material. Varying the track shape, the track length, and the number of sections of different tracks at one point in an image can help one obtain security features convenient for nonexpert hologram identification. The dimensions and depths of the tracks are compatible with conventional embossed hologram technology. The photographs of the holograms forming images in white light are given.

A method and an optical circuit for recording digital hyperspectral holograms in the light of an incoherent source are considered. The optical scheme comprises an interferometer with a scanning mirror for generating reference waves. A set of complex amplitudes of an object field is calculated using the Fourier transform of interferograms in each pixel of the recording matrix. The experimental results of holographic images of microobjects obtained on various optical circuits (transmission and reflection) are presented. The circuit a shared path interferometer, in which the reference wave is part of the object field is considered

It is proposed to use spectral diffractive lenses with the focus of the same position of several specified wavelengths as the basis for a point light source with several specified wavelengths. A spectral diffractive lens designed to focus three wavelengths: 462, 608, and 952 nm (excitation wavelengths for tubulin fluorescence β) is considered. The spectral lenses were fabricated by direct laser writing in photoresist with iterative correction of recording parameters, which ensured an error of less than 30 nm in the formation of the diffractive microrelief height. An experimental determination of the wavelengths focused by the obtained lens using a point aperture located at the focus of a spectral lens is described.

This paper presents a brief review of theoretical and experimental studies of the structural and polarization conversion of laser beams in anisotropic crystals. The feasibility of creating laser beams with complex polarization-phase state is discussed. It is shown that adaptive tuning of structural and polarization-phase states can be carried out by relatively slow changes in the parameters of the optical system and fast high-speed electro-optical modulation methods.

A multifactor model of a system of optical encoding with spatially incoherent illumination is proposed. The model takes into account the influence of photosensor noise, changes in the image rasters when passing through the optical system, spurious illumination, and noise of the synthesis of the encoding diffraction optical element on the decoded image quality. It is demonstrated that the proposed model predictions agree well with the optical experiment (the decoding error is within 6%).

In this paper, we consider two types of alternative treatment of gelatin in layers dichromated gelatin (DCG) layers: structuring using selective light tanning by He-Cd laser light (λ = 440 nm) and destruction by irradiating the layers with short-wave UV radiation (λ < 270 nm). It is shown that UV irradiation of samples plays a decisive role in the formation of high-frequency relief-phase gratings with a diffraction efficiency of more than 50% on DCG layers less than 2 mkm thick. It is noted that the use of traditional methods of treating DCG layers leads to smoothing of the relief due to surface tension forces at high spatial frequencies. In addition, a significant expansion of the region of recorded spatial frequencies (up to 1500 mm^-1) for recording relief holographic gratings was achieved by using an advanced method of processing gelatin based on a reduction of water treatment time, and using isopropanol baths for rapid dehydration of the layer

This paper presents the results of experimental studies and digital methods of recording holograms using spatial light modulators. The use of holographic interference methods to measure nanoscale irregularity is described for the case of a nanostep (70 nm high and 30 mkm wide). Examples of using the method to increase sensitivity are given to measure the nanostep and the hook method in a digital way. The probability of implementing the method for correcting internal system distortions in the interferometer is proved. It is shown that the use of holographic interference methods with digital processing of holograms provides an increase in the sensitivity of interferograms without losing basic information on the object and without increasing measurement accuracy

This paper presents the results of studying the influence of the structure of an object and the form of its representation on the quality, resolution, and depth of images restored using binary synthesized projection holograms. The quality criterion is taken to be the degree of correspondence between the restored image and the object, estimated as the range of threshold gradations during threshold processing of the restored image, in which its structure completely corresponds to the structure of the original object. A method of projection holographic photolithography was developed based on mathematical modeling of real physical processes of synthesis and restoration of holograms of two-dimensional binary transparencies

Binarization of digital holograms is used for storage and on-line transmission of recorded information, as well as for optical image recovery via binary micromirror light modulators. The possibilities of binarization of optically recorded holograms by iterative methods using the error diffusion operation at each step of changing the binarization threshold or only at the final iteration are considered. The parameter variation of the methods is analyzed, and the quality of the images recovered from binarized holograms is compared. It is determined that the method using the error diffusion operation only at the final iteration improves the image recovery quality by 12% as compared to single-step methods

We derive general formulas for the extinction coefficient (in the Beer-Lambert-Bouguer law) of laser radiation in the atmosphere taking into account nonlinear effects and significantly differing from the results of linear optics. We perform specific calculations for the atmosphere of Titan. We demonstrate that taking into account the close-to-real dependence of atmospheric gas concentration on altitude leads to a noticeable difference in the altitude dependence of the extinction coefficient from the results obtained using the barometric formula. We also give estimates of the extinction coefficient in the atmosphere of Triton.

The calculation results of the broadening of absorption lines of Н₂О, СО, and СО₂ confined in long cylindrical and spherical porous xerogel and aerogel 20 to 90 nm diameter at a room temperature and pressures from 1 and 50 mlb are presented. The collisions of free Н₂О, СО, and СО₂ molecules with walls and with physically adsorbed on the surface molecules are discussed. The surface density of the adsorbed centers in porous silica aerogel is estimated. The comparison with the aviable experimental data is discussed.

A detailed high-accuracy list of the SO₂ molecule absorption lines was obtained in the 2000-3000 cm^-1 spectral region, which is important for atmospheric applications, based on a combination of the high-accuracy data on experimental energy levels and variational calculations of the intensities of vibrational-rotational transitions. The expert list contains 70565 absorption lines with an intensity cut-off 1.0E-27 cm/molecule. The results obtained are compared with published data.

The numerical simulation of the operation of an optical data transmission system operating through an open atmospheric channel with information coding by the magnitude of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) has been performed. Two methods for detecting OAM based on representing the complex amplitude of the field of a laser beam transmitted through a layer of a turbulent atmosphere in the form of a superposition of a finite number of azimuthal modes (optical vortices) are considered. A statistical analysis of the dependence of the reception frequency of OAM recorded with errors due to atmospheric turbulence on the turbulence strength is performed. The analysis was carried out for a sample of 5000 random realizations of the complex field amplitude during the propagation of a laser beam along an atmospheric path with fixed turbulent parameters. Options and potential possibilities of hardware implementation of the methods proposed are discussed. Their effectiveness is compared.

In summer 2018 along the route of 71th cruise of RV “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh” in the North Atlantic, we carried out measurements of atmospheric aerosol characteristics, in particular, aerosol optical depth, near-surface aerosol and black carbon concentrations, contents of chemical elements in aerosol samples and organic and elemental carbon, and isotopic composition of carbon. It is shown that the average values of most aerosol characteristics several-fold decrease during transit from the Baltic Sea to the North Atlantic (57-60°N) and then to the Norwegian Sea. For instance, the average black carbon concentration decreased from 83 to 29 ng/m³. Episodic impact of continental aerosol was noted even in remote regions of ocean. Outflow of smokes from forest fires in the north of Canada to the region of measurements (southward of Greenland) exerted the strongest effect on all aerosol characteristics. The average concentrations of chemical elements in aerosol composition over the North Atlantic were several times larger than in the Arctic region and smaller than in the background region of Siberia.

The results of experimental study of the effect of corona ions on the new aerosol particles formation are considered. Attention is drawn to the fact that both in a controlled space (aerosol chambers), regardless of its volume, and in a natural atmosphere, the generation of a corona discharge is accompanied by the formation of new aerosol particles of nanometer size, the concentration of which exceeds the background concentration by more than an order of magnitude. The results are interpreted on the basis of theoretical ideas about the effect of the electric charge of ions on the process of condensation of various impurities. Using the coagulation theory and the continuous growth model, the growth of aerosol particles is calculated as a function of time.

The spatial resolution of conventional optics, which is necessary for non-destructive capture of microobjects, is limited by diffraction to a value equal to half the radiation wavelength. Despite this limitation, the use of optical methods is one of the main directions in biological and biomedical research, since only optical methods have a minimal impact on living organisms. Rapid progress in this area is largely based on the development of new optical technologies. Significant progress in mesoscale photonics has allowed researchers to develop methods for controlling structured beams for optical traps. Some recent trends in the field of optical manipulation based on mesoscale dielectric particles are analyzed mainly based on our studies.

The light absorption efficiency of a hollow spherical microparticle (microcapsule) doped with strongly absorbing gold nanoparticles of spherical and cylindrical spatial shapes is studied. By means of the FDTD numerical simulations, the absorption spectra of a doped microcapsule in the visible and near-IR spectral regions (from 0.5 to 0.9 mm) are calculated. It is found that the absorption efficiency of the capsule depends on the nanoinclusions morphology. In particular, there is a noticeable increase in capsule absorption in the regions of resonant excitation of surface plasmon modes of nanoparticles. The dispersion of absorption decreases with an increase in the volume content of nanoparticles in the microcapsule, as well as with the mixing of nanoinclusions of various shapes (spheres + rods). In this case, it becomes possible to obtain a capsule absorption spectrum close to uniform in the wavelength range under study.

Data of multifrequency sensing make it possible to study the aerosol layers with different scattering and absorbing properties and to retrieve their optical and microphysical characteristics. The air advection effect on aerosol parameters in the lower and middle troposphere is analyzed. Low values of the extinction and backscattering coefficients and of the imaginary part of the refractive index and geometric mean radius of fine aerosol particles are characteristic of the north direction of transfer. High values of these parameters are observed at the south direction of transfer. On the contrary, the lidar ratio and the contribution of fine fraction into the total concentration of particles decrease at the change of the transfer direction from north to south.

The lidar complex of a small station of high-altitude atmospheric sounding of V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS is described. The lidar is based on a Newton telescope with a 1-m mirror and is designed to monitor the vertical stratification of aerosol and the distribution of air temperature and density in the middle atmosphere. As an illustration of the lidar operation and demonstration of its capabilities, profiles of the vertical distribution of aerosol, temperature, and density in the altitude range 10-70 km are presented.

The measurements of mass concentrations of PM1, PM2.5, PM10 (2016-2018) using the aerosol spectrometer GRIMM carried out near Saint-Petersburg are analysed. The average concentrations of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 for the entire measurement period are 4.5, 4.8, and 4.9 mg/m³, respectively. The hourly average PM10 concentrations were compared with the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at a wavelength of 500 nm for different seasons. It was found that the best correlation between the concentration of PM10 and AOT is achieved in autumn. According to the distribution of wind directions, the maximal concentrations of PM10 correspond to the eastern direction (from St. Petersburg). The seasonal dependence of the daily variation in PM10 mass concentration on relative humidity and the height of the atmospheric boundary layer is analyzed. The highest concentrations of PM10 (about 8 mg/m³ on the average) and the maximal amplitude of the daily variation are observed in winter.

The stratospheric polar vortex persistence in the winter-spring period is one of key factors of the duration and extent of stratospheric ozone depletion in a polar region. The Arctic polar vortex reaches its peak intensity in winter, whereas the Antarctic vortex usually strengthens in early spring. As a result, the strong ozone depletion is observed every year from August to November over the Antarctic, while short-term ozone loss occasionally occurs over the Arctic from January to March. In this work, we examine the reason for the high strength and persistence of the Antarctic polar vortex in the winter-spring period. Based on the ERA-Interim reanalysis data, we show a high agreement between the seasonal variations in the temperature in the lower subtropical stratosphere and zonal wind in the subpolar and polar lower stratosphere in the Southern Hemisphere. The results of numerical simulations using PlaSim-ICMMG-1.0 show acceleration of zonal wind in the subpolar region with an increase in the temperature of the subtropical stratosphere. Thus, the winter-spring strengthening of the Antarctic polar vortex occurs due to an increase in the stratospheric equator-to-pole temperature gradient as a result of the seasonal temperature growth in the lower subtropical stratosphere in this period.

An experimental fluctuation analysis is usually conducted via thermal anemometry with hot-wires. However, in the vicinity of oscillating shock waves, this kind of sensor can be destroyed due to strong mechanical loads. On the basis of a sufficient modelling, a wedge-shaped hot-film can be suitable for a quantitative fluctuation analysis across a shock wave. Within this study, the modal analysis according to Kovásznay and Morkovin was adapted from hot-wires to the used wedge hot-film. Additionally, 3-dimensional fluctuation diagrams were derived for the separate as well as for mixed modes. The freestream fluctuations were detected across an oblique shock wave with a wedge hot-film in a constant-temperature mode. The shock was caused by a ramp with a 10° ramp angle placed in a flow with a Mach number of M = 2.5 and a unit Reynolds number of Re_unit = 4.96×10⁶×m^-1. The recorded perturbations were decomposed according to the modal analysis and found to be dominated by the acoustic mode. The fluctuations' amplification across the shock wave and the subsequent decay could clearly be detected. They are in good agreement with the literature.

The impact of weak shock waves on the boundary-layer flow of a flat blunt plate installed along the stream was experimentally studied for different sweep angles of the leading edge of the plate at Mach number 2. The shock waves in the incoming flow in the form of an N-wave were generated by 150´7´0.13-mm two-dimensional roughness provided on the side wall of the T-325 wind tunnel. It was confirmed that, when an N-wave was incident onto the plate leading edge with zero sweep angle, generation of longitudinal vortices accompanied by an increase in the pulsation level and by a change in the spectral composition of perturbations, was observed in the boundary layer. Anemometric data showed that, when the sweep angle of the leading edge changed from 0 to 25 degrees under the impact of the “catching-up” incident weak shock wave, the widening of the vortex in the supersonic boundary layer occurred.

The study of the effect of close placing of two individual elements of roughness with the cylindrical shape on the nature of laminar-turbulent transition were performed. Experiments were performed for a blunt conical model with the radius 9 mm at Mach number М = 5. These double elements of roughness with different heights and divergence angles between elements were allocated at the blunted nose of the tested model. Measurements with a hot-wire anemometer provided information about the averaged and unsteady parameters of the boundary layer in the wake behind the roughness elements. For all types of roughness, we confirmed existence of an effective height of roughness; for the heights above the effective one, we observe deformation of the boundary layer margin and the growth of nonequilibrium in the wake. Process of turbulization behind a double roughness element (similar to the case of single roughness) is accompanied by the generation of longitudinal vortices and by the deformation of the velocity profile. Depending on this deformation, pulsations in the wake either enhance or decline. In contrast to the single roughness configuration, the double element roughness decreases the mass flowrate for a narrow range of angles (and fullness of the boundary layer profile is more significant). Meanwhile, flow turbulization occurs right behind the single element of turbulization, for the case of double element turbulization, the main gain in the mass flowrate occurs with the wake (developing from the boundary between twin elements). Roughness has significant influence on unsteady characteristics of the boundary layer (when the height of roughness element is lower than the effective height). The wake downstream the double elements roughness exhibits the interaction between vortices, and this reduces the effective Reynolds number (compared to the case of single roughness).

The article presents the results of direct numerical simulation of a turbulent vortex ring with a moderate Reynolds number, interacting with the field of external turbulent fluctuations. The ring is formed by buoyancy forces from a spherically-shaped volume of elevated temperature. We consider the interaction of the ring with the field of turbulent fluctuations (of temperature and velocity) located in the form of a horizontal layer in front of the ring. The effect of separation of vortices by the sign of vorticity in a layer of fluctuations (with respect to the rotation of the ring) during the passage of the ring through this field has been found. This effect first causes the ring to slow down when the fluctuations pass outside the ring, and then to accelerate with decreasing radius when the fluctuations pass through its center. Due to buoyancy effects in the fluctuations layer, the separation of hot and cold air occurs. During the interaction with the ring, this leads to the accumulation of the reduced temperature in the core of the ring, while the increased temperature is accumulated near the axis. This temperature distribution results in a baroclinic vorticity generation leading to the reduction of the ring radius.

The purpose of the work is to analyze changes in the morphological characteristics of neurons of phylogenetical different parts of the cerebral cortex (parietal cortex and hippocampus) of rats at different periods in the dynamics of stepwise subtotal experimental cerebral ischemia. Methods. The experiments were performed on 42 males of outbred white rats. Step subtotal cerebral ischemia was performed as follows: first, one common carotid artery was ligated, simulating partial ischemia. Then, with an interval of 1 day (subgroup 1), 3 days (subgroup 2) or 7 days (subgroup 3), the second common carotid artery was ligated. Results. A microscopic study of the size, shape, degree of chromatophilia of the cytoplasm and the content of ribonucleoproteins in pyramidal neurons of phylogenetically different parts of the cerebral cortex have shown the dependence of the severity of brain damage on the interval between the cessation of blood flow in both carotid artery. Adaptation was better with a 7-day interval between dressings, while the ligation with an interval of 1 day, the degree of morphological changes was maximum indicating a lack of resources for the implementation of adaptation mechanisms.

Methodological approaches developed at Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology for a number of years allow formulating the importance of embedding active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in the structure of porous carriers (sorbents). The composition of the carrier and API is an enteral system for prolonged dosing of pharmacological agents, which allows providing a specific pharmacological effect and safety of use. The pores of the media (sorbents) act as containers for API. This is especially important for rapidly absorbed drugs, which include, for example, lithium preparations that are used in narrow concentration limits due to their side effects. At the moment, an innovative technology for creating new medicines with an improved combination of efficiency and safety (pharmacological upgrade) has been developed and implemented. The essence of the technology is to create a composition of aluminum oxide and polydimethylsiloxane (matrix) and an active pharmacological ingredient (API). A study of two drugs based on matrix / lithium citrate and matrix / melatonin showed continued specific pharmacological activity of API, better pharmacokinetics, and better safety parameters. The matrix of aluminum oxide and polydimethylsiloxane provides an upgrade of the pharmacological properties of drugs for the dosed and safe delivery of API to the zone of their therapeutic effect.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo sub-acute toxicity of conditioned medium obtained from rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells directed to osteogenic differentiation. Material and methods. Conditioned medium was obtained by culturing rat bone marrow-derived MSCs induced under osteogenic condition. Results and discussion. Conditioned medium from rat bone marrow-derived MSCs was shown to have no significant cytotoxic effect on Ehrlich adenocarcinoma cell culture and in vitro expanded peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors. The use of MSC-CM did not have a significant effect on the state of experimental SD rats, the total body weight and growth rate of animals. A pathomorphologic study revealed no any abnormalities associated with MSC-CM injection. Conclusion. The use of conditioned medium from rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells stimulated under osteogenic condition was found to be safe for both in vitro studies (with respect to Ehrlich adenocarcinoma cell line and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors) and in vivo studies (injection of MSC-CM to animals).

The purpose of the study is to assess the perioperative period and the immediate results of dual-port operations in patients with bullous emphysema. Material and methods. The analysis of the perioperative period and the immediate results of two-port operations in patients with bullous emphysema of the lungs were performed. This surgical intervention was performed in 36 cases with bullous emphysema of the lungs (men - 31, women - 5). The average age of patients was 28.91 years. In all cases, the diagnosis was made on multispiral computer tomography of the chest. The duration of the surgical intervention, the periods of lung spread, the duration of the pleural drainage standing, the assessment of the pain syndrome, intra- and postoperative complications were assessed. Results and discussion. The intervention duration ranged from 70 to 125 minutes at the stage of implementation of the dual-port operations procedure. Now the intervention duration does not exceed 80 minutes for most cases. There were not registered any intraoperative complications. The duration of air leakage through pleural drainage was up to 1 day in 27 (75 %) patients. The duration of postoperative pain in most cases (28) did not exceed 1 day. Early postoperative complications were in 2 cases (1 - intrapleural bleeding; 1 - postoperative wound seroma). These complications were cured in both cases. The proposed access method for the surgery of bullous emphysema of the lungs can be used in a wide clinical practice. To determine the location of this method, it is necessary to compare it with other minimally invasive interventions.

The connection between glaucoma and ocular surface disease (OSD) is determined more distinct due to increasing research of these chronic and progressive diseases. The purpose of research - an assessment of an impact of beta-blockers and prostaglandin analogues on ocular surface in glaucoma patients. Data and methods. 25 patients (25 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) were examined: group I - 10 patients (10 eyes) receiving antihypertensive therapy with beta-blocker timolol maleate (monotherapy); group II - 15 patients (15 eyes) receiving prostaglandin analogues (monotherapy); control group - 15 patients (15 eyes) without POAG not receiving eye drops). Results. Total tear production (Schirmer test), the stability of the tear film (Norn test), the degree of conjunctiva and cornea staining with the Bengal pink, ocular surface disease index were similar in patients of groups I and II, while differed from the control group. Measurement of the height of the tear meniscus using optical coherence tomography showed that in patients of group I it was higher than in patients of group II, but in both cases less than in individuals of the control group. Cytological results shows us atrophy, dyskeratosis in group I; proliferation in group II and no changes in normal conjunctival epithelium in group III. Conclusion. Atrophy and dyskeratosis are shown in conjunctival epithelium by using cytological method. These changes lead to abnormality of functioning of conjunctival epithelium. Proliferation may cause an increased blood supply and therefore a hyperemia of conjunctiva. Considering the changes of conjunctival epithelium PA therapy is preferable.

Zenker’s pharyngeal-esophageal diverticulum is more common in elderly patients, manifests itself with dysphagia and is dangerous with aspiration complications. The clinical case describes a combination of the first detected large Zenker diverticulum, pneumonia, neurological symptoms in an 86-year-old patient with aphagia. Despite the combination of aggravating factors, oral endoscopic ventriculostomy was performed using a flexible endoscope. After surgery: there are no violations of the act of swallowing. The patient eats liquid and semi-liquid food. No complaints of dysphagia were presented. At x-ray control, there is some delay of the contrast agent in the diverticulum, which does not prevent its emptying. The case demonstrates the effectiveness of endoscopic intervention in large-sized Zenker diverticulum, the possibility of its implementation in age-related patients with combined pathology, including neurological deficiency, preserving the patient’s chance of recovery.

Chemotherapy is one of reliable and proven methods of malignant tumor and blood diseases treatment but however the drug side effects (particularly cardiotoxicity) occur. More often cardiovascular complications connect with anthracyclines and related drugs (doxorubicin, daunorubicyn, epirubicyn, idarubicyn, mitoxantron) which usually used at medical scheme because of wide spectrum of action and high effectiveness prescription. Risk of cardiotoxicity formation and existing diseases progression increases according to drug dose, patient’s age, cardiovascular risk factors presence and cardiovascular diseases history. Material and methods. 88 patients with established non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma diagnosis were examined in order to assess cardiovascular system state and pathology nature - 33 patients before chemotherapy and 55 patients in the long-term follow-up period (one year after the start of chemotherapy). Results. It was found that antitumor drugs induced cardiotoxicity may manifest at the beginning of chemotherapy as well as following up period. The cardiac cameras dilation associated with the increase of NTproBNP serum content (N-terminal fragment of natriuretic peptide type B precursor) - the main biomarker of myocardial dysfunction has been revealed by instrumental research.

The article describes the methods and procedures of reconstructive operations of false aneurysms of the axillary artery. We observed false aneurysms forming as a result of a stab wound in the region of the right chest (lath). It should be noted that open surgical reconstructive surgery tactics to date remains the «gold standard» in the treatment of this pathology. Our experience shows that the optimal choice and method of surgical treatment of arterial aneurysms of the axillary artery by restoring the arterial defect. The elimination of the aneurysm was accompanied by a patch of the defect (1.5 cm) in the axillary artery autovein, on the right. The article presents the surgical treatment of a false aneurysm of the right axillary artery after an injury of the right chest and the rationale for the choice of open surgery.

The process of body mass increasing among the population becomes global, which updates the need for early diagnosis of obesity. An informative method of determining the body mass excess and obesity is the determination of muscle and fat components, as well as the analysis of correlations between weight, mass index and component composition of the body. Aim of the study was to identify the availability and character of relationship between body mass, index Ketle and body component composition in students with different level of physical fitness. Material and methods. Length, weight, body mass index, level of physical fitness, body component composition (muscle, fat, bone) have been investigated in 107 students (52 boys and 55 girls) of the main medical group studying at the Gorno-Altai State University. Results. Trained young man and girls with higher level of physical fitness were characterized by higher body mass, a positive correlation between weight, index Ketle, muscle and bone components and an inverse correlation between index Ketle and total fat. In young man and girls with low physical fitness, total mass and Ketle index positively correlated with the fat component. The nature of the correlation between body mass, Ketle index and composition of the body allows us to identify the trend of weight gain due to fat or muscle components.

Aim of the study was to investigate glomerular filtration rate in population of 25-45 years old young people of Novosibirsk city. Material and methods. A survey of Novosibirsk typical district’s population has been carried out by the Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine since 2013 to 2016. 1074 people (467 males and 607 females of 25-45 years old) have been included into the survey. The levels of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were chosen according to KDIGO (2012) recommendation, such as: GFR more than 90 ml/min/1.73 cm² - high or optimal, 60-89 ml/min/1.73 cm² - slightly reduced, 45-59 ml/min/1.73 cm² - moderately reduced, 30-44 ml/min/1.73 cm² - vastly reduced, 15-29 ml/min/1.73 cm² - highly reduced, lower than 15 ml/min/1.73 cm² - terminal renal failure. Results and discussion. Average GFR_(CKD-EPI) level in all age groups was 99,9 ml/min/1.73 cm². Average GFR_(CKD-EPI) was 104.41 ml/min/1.73 cm² in 25-34 age group. Male average GFR_(CKD-EPI) levels in appropriate age groups were reliably higher comparing to female levels. Both male and female analyzed indicators turned out to be reliably lower in older group than in the younger one. 95.1 % of male participants at the age from 25 to 34 years old had GFR ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 cm², while female indicator was 76.9 %. The indicators in the age group from 35-45 years old were: for males - 86.4 %, for females - 58.3 %. Both male and female groups at the age from 35 to 45 contained people with GFR < 60.ml/min/1.73 cm² (2 men - 0,8 %; 1 woman - 0.4 %). While GFR calculating according to MDRD and CKD-EPI formulas two dissimilar results were revealed. The advantages of CKD-EPI formulas calculating for higher GFR indicators have been evidenced.

Reproductive system cancer is the most common female malignancy, accounting for 36.1 to 37.6 % of all gynecological cancers. The incidence rate of female reproductive system cancer continues to increase. Material and methods. The study was conducted in 2018 by interviewing 391 patients with breast cancer, 273 patients with cervical cancer, 30 patients with cancer of the vulva and 11 patients with vaginal cancer were interviewed. Results. The time period for making diagnosis lasted no longer than a week in 2.0 % of respondents with breast cancer, 5.9 % with vaginal tumor and 11.3 % with cervical cancer. A long period of cancer detection was the cause of advanced cancer (56.5 and 47.0 % of cases of breast and cervical cancer, 40.0 % of vulva and 11.6 % of vaginal cancer). Discussion. The majority of district oncologists and other allied healthcare professionals are not able to identify abnormalities caused by cancer. Physicians of municipal health care facilities are either completely unaware of the procedure for routing patients with suspected malignant neoplasm or simply cannot explain it to patients. Conclusions. Oncologists working in outpatient health care facilities and other allied healthcare professionals need a special methodical literature on cancer screening. It is necessary to optimize the routing scheme of patients with suspected malignant tumors with mandatory training of oncologists and other allied healthcare professionals on the routing of such patients.