Home – Home – Jornals – Siberian Journal of Forest Science 2020 number 2

The importance of agriculture for a given economic system determines risk related to the global climate change. Analysis of the statistical data (impact of agro-industrial complex in the world and national economies and dynamics of temperature regime) shows that the relation between temperature changes and significance of agro-industrial complex in economy have determined the character of risk during two past decades and will continue doing this in the future. The risk can be partly-compensated (when the importance of agro-industrial complex decreases) and non-compensated (when the importance of agro-industrial complex remains stable or increases). Risk transformations, i.e., fundamental changes of the risk character, are quick (up to two years) and themselves form a kind of challenge for development of the world and national economies. The studied risk is a subject of governance within the frame of national strategies. Particularly, the countries with strong agrarian orientation of their economies can stimulate industrial growth to decrease risks linked to the influence of the global climate change.

The concept of sustainability management is gaining popularity due to the fact that maintaining a balance of economic, social and environmental principles can improve efficiency of management. Implementation of sustainability management concept in practice meets with difficulties to spread these institutions in society - in the peoples’ minds, business processes and politics. In order to implement sustainability management in practice, integrate sustainability strategy into the organization’s culture, we need to learn more about the values and benefits that sustainability management creates, as well as abut the motives and factors that will actually work. Our study is focused on the concept of sustainability management, in particular on the motives and values of sustainability management in organizations/projects. To conduct our study we used a structured online survey with managers of organizations in Russia. Our data-frame includes answers from 76 respondents from different regions of Russia.

The article is devoted to assessing the real situation of the situation of women in employment in the STEM sphere (from English: Science, Technology, Engineering, Maths). The analysis of the gender gap in wages both throughout the Russian economy and by type of economic activity. Based on a comprehensive study of scientific, journalistic and statistical sources, it is concluded that the problems of female employment, which were observed even before the digital era, but will be aggravated with the formation of the digital Society 5.0, as well as the growth of gender disparities in the level of payment today and in the foreseeable future become challenges gender equality.

Rumors as a socio-psychological phenomenon, characteristic of any team and is a reflection of the characteristics of corporate culture. Rumors occupy a special place in the information space of the organization. However, there is no systematic description of the possible effects of rumors on professional activities. Defined in the article 3 of the catalyst in the development of the destructive effect of rumors, given its characteristics, the principal reasons for the emergence and development of rumors in high school bands. Based on the analysis, it is proposed to introduce a system of prevention and regulation of rumors as an element of corporate culture management. This need is associated with ensuring the stability of the development of the University, ensuring its personnel and information security, as well as in terms of the development of a positive image of the University.

A technique is proposed for studying differences in population incomes of the countries of the world on the basis of the module (M) in the article. Its use made it possible to detail inequality in population incomes of countries associated with differences in the level of economic development of countries and with the influence of internal social and economic factors. The calculation of the coefficients characterizing the influence of factors on the basis of not intergroup dispersions, but average of intragroup ones is proposed.

The work is aimed at solving the actual problem of analyzing the interaction of market participants. The degree of unpredictability of market participant’s behavior determines economic risks and manifests itself as a violation of information symmetry. Asymmetry is expressed in different degrees of awareness of groups of sellers and groups of buyers-users of the product about the state of the market, which determines the different behavioral moods and intentions of market participants. The possibility of using the Shannon entropy and fractal dimension indicators to assess the degree of ordering of relationships between groups of buyers and the results of their behavior is considered. This allows us to draw conclusions about the logic of relationships between the behavior of different clients. An iterative box-counting algorithm is used to determine the approximate value of the Minkowski fractal dimension. As a metric of distances between the signs of transactions of pairs of clients, the cosine distance can be used for the case of sparse data. It is shown how the fractal dimension will change in the case of observation of more stable relationships between groups of clients.

In the article are examined the basic trends and the content of transition period in the development of the banking sector of services, whose functioning undergoes substantial changes in the conditions of the folding ecosystem of the digital economy. The need for the introduction of essential correctives into the theory of banking is based, the promising trends of the displacement of credit establishments into the virtual space are illuminated, characteristic is given to the new bank products, which are folded of the within the framework decentralized system for control. The most important aspects of the creation of the model of digital bank and the key elements of strategy of its owner’s activity are revealed.

The article deals with the problems of improving the financial literacy of Russians. And, although this problem is extremely acute throughout the world, in Russia it has a very specific character with historical, religious, cultural and socio-economic content. This is reflected in a much lower level of financial literacy of Russians. It is substantiated and argued that all decisions, programs, efforts of the country in solving this problem should be imperative, since financial literacy of the population today has become the most important factor in the efficiency of the national economy.

The article discusses current issues of risk control in the context of cluster interaction between organizations, which have a significant negative impact on the inaccuracy of reports and other data used by business partners in cooperation. Possible methodological approaches to improve the quality of information and reporting of companies using control mechanisms have been clarified.

The article includes the review of the analysis of foreign experience in determining the tax base. Analysis of the world experience demonstrates a variety of taxation systems of real property also including differences in their basic elements. In spite of multiple differences there are some similar features common to the majority of countries. Cadastral value is used for the purposes of taxation in Russia. The work on the modernization of the institute of cadastral value is enormous. It can take many years, because the methodology for determining the cadastral value still under development in Russia. The article presents the possibility of using effective practices of other countries. The use of foreign effective practices is permissible in order to increase the reliability of the valuation results, as well as preventing possible problems.

The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for using the corresponding comprehensive indices for each country to assess social values and potential business intentions. The study was based on empirical data from The global entrepreneurship monitor for 48 countries in 2018. Formulas are proposed and calculations of complex index values are performed. The distribution of their values by country is considered. Lists of countries with high and low index values are given. A comparative analysis of indices for Russia and foreign countries is presented. The indices proposed for evaluating opinions about entrepreneurship are of scientific and practical significance.

The development of the oil complex is of exceptional importance for all countries of the world and Russia. The results of numerous studies and constant monitoring indicate the great contribution of the oil complex to the socio-economic development of individual regions and countries. The article «Trends in the Economic Growth of the Extractive Industry in the BRICS Countries in the 21st Century», published in the journal Voprosy Statistiki, reflects the strategic role of the extractive industries in the group of five major countries of the world in connection with the 10th anniversary of their unification into the summit. In this context, the article analyzes data on the dynamics of oil production in the world and the Russian Federation at the end of the XX and beginning of the XXI century, gives examples of the positive experience of the regions, in particular, the Republic of Bashkortostan. Quantitative estimates are obtained that characterize the dynamics of oil production in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Bashkortostan at certain stages of development. The assessment and characteristics of the main technical and economic factors affecting oil production are given. The presented results of the analysis of the dynamics and structural adjustment of oil production in the spatial aspect are aimed at improving the strategic management of the oil and gas complex in the country and regions in conditions of great uncertainty of the operating environment.

Demographic policy of Russia is currently one of the key tasks of the state. Demographic policy is closely related to the economic and immigration policies of the state, the development of health care, education, tax policy, as well as state regulation. The article analyzes the demographic processes in the country for 10 years (2008-2018). A number of problems affecting the reduction of the demographic situation in Russia are highlighted, as well as measures that, in the author’s opinion, will help to improve the demographic situation in the country.

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of training staff of enterprises participating in the implementation of the national project «Labor Productivity and Employment Support» in the Perm region. The study uses the methodology of system analysis, methods of analysis of statistical information and expert data. The study formed a model of advanced staff training, tested at the enterprises participating in the national project «Labor Productivity and Employment Support» in the Perm region, and identified the problems affecting the effectiveness of the development of new knowledge and competences of workers in the field of productivity improvement. As a result of the study, recommendations are made to supplement the regional project of increasing productivity in the Perm region with measures aimed at introducing an additional module of management training, to improve the level of the coordinating the company’s activities and developing the organizational culture of the staff. The results of the study can be used to develop programs and training plans for staff of enterprises implementing the national project «Labor Productivity and Employment Support» in the regions of the Russian Federation.

The article considers the main approaches to risk research, which is a constant companion of human activity. It is shown that the process of forming the theoretical bases of risk occurred over a long period of time in all areas of social, humanitarian and natural knowledge, which led to the emergence of various risk-based concepts. The dynamics of the attitude to risk in different periods of human history is presented, which resulted in the emergence of a modern «risk society», in which risk is perceived as the reverse side of progress

The article considers the content, occurrence conditions and stability of social interaction in the conditions of conflict. Social interaction is studied in the context of the possibilities of its impact in the development and settlement of the emerged contradictions between parties to the conflict. The article analyzes the interrelation of the conflict control means and social interaction, stability preserving conditions.

The purpose of the paper is studying the possibility of economic development of Russian regions in modern federal state. The research is based on a system approach using the methods of descriptive statistics and cluster analysis. The article revealed the incomprehension of federalism as a system tool of development of economy of Russian regions. The federation is related to a political keynote - the moment of power. At that, the priority of merism principles in structure of a state is emphasized, with simplification of national economy and strengthening the role of central authority and dependence of Russia on the technologies of economy capitalization, in favor of budget centralization. The paper shows the place of Russian economy in the world economy in the conditions of acceptance of capitalism as the basis of economic formation of society. Following the results of the federative analysis of economic development of Russian regions the attractor of federative framework - the Republic of Crimea and anti-attractor - the Republic of Dagestan were revealed. The Kaluga Region and Tambov Region were defined as the linking entities of the Federation, while the Nenets Autonomous District and Khanty-Mansy Autonomous Region - Yugra were defined as the separating ones. The results of the research expand the field of knowledge regarding federative framework of the state and point at the possibilities of its integrity maintenance in the course of dynamic economic development of the entities, by forming new competencies for managerial decision making regarding maintenance of stability of the balance of regional interests in internal and foreign policy.

Motivation of staff in everyday life is considered to be the payment of wages, which the employee receives monthly for properly performed functional duties. However, we should not forget that motivation can change not only the approaches to payment of wages, but also the worldview of employees, their approaches to work. How the employer motivates the employee, such a result will be obtained. This article describes the gradual creation of a motivation system, the successful experience of the implementation of which allowed several times to increase the productivity of a particular enterprise of the military-industrial complex.

A mixture of probability distributions is a mathematical model that allows to describe heterogeneous data. The task of separating mixtures or decomposition is the task of estimating the unknown parameters of miscible distributions. Despite the adequacy of the description of heterogeneous data, the decomposition of mixtures is a separate problem, due to the large number of parameters to be evaluated. The article carries out historical periodization, systematization, and a critical comparative analysis of existing methods and algorithms for decomposition of mixtures of probability distributions, identifies the possibilities and limitations of their application for the analysis of real populations. Based on existing algorithms, a method for separating mixtures of an arbitrary known number of probability distributions and a further typological grouping of real socio-economic aggregates is proposed. Unlike existing methods, a method for calculating threshold values to determine the boundaries of types and the number of components of the mixture, in cases where it is unknown, is proposed. Based on the proposed methodology, a typology of the subjects of the Russian Federation by the level of unemployment in the Russian Federation is carried out.

Our study has been conducted along the coastline of the eastern Gulf of Finland for three years. It had been shown that accumulation of algal biomass caused by the “green tide” events significantly influenced the metal distribution in the surface sediments. Metal concentrations differed significantly under algal mats and at the sites, which were free of algae. Our study showed significant changes in metal concentrations (Zn, Cd and Pb) along the coast in study years, which, in our opinion, reflect influence of the ports Vysotsk and a new one - Bronka. Principal component and classification analysis extracted two main factors, which can be interpreted as a factors related to the distance from a river mouth and to the input from the new anthropogenic sources. Taking into account a global climate change and the results of our study, we may conclude that in the future extended macroalgal blooms may provoke intense sediment contamination by organic matter and associated metals.

The distribution areas of European and Rainbow smelts overlap in North-Eastern part of Europe. Interrelation of these species is not well studied in this zone. A smelt from the Krivoye Lake of the Kolguyev Island of the Barents Sea was studied. Species identification was fulfilled by DNA-Barcoding method, the sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was used. The smelt turned out to be European one. The evidences on its origin were analyzed. It was shown, that the smelt settled in the lake in the remote past, when the territory of the island belonged to mainland and its inland water bodies were linked with Pechora river basin. Recent transportation of smelt by humans or birds to the Kolguyev Island is unlikely. Restriction of distribution area of this species is likely to be related with historic factors and competition with Rainbow smelt.

The review summarizes and analyzes data on the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus of the White Sea, which is currently the most abundant fish in the sea and play an important role in the coastal and open water communities. The stickleback was abundant in the 1920-1940s, declined significantly between the late 1960s and late 1990s, and has increased again since then, showing a positive correlation with temperature. To reveal the mechanisms of changes in the population of the stickleback and its role in the marine ecosystem, various aspects of the species’ population biology (interannual and seasonal population dynamics, spatial heterogeneity, age and sex structure, lipid and fatty acid status, homing and fluctuating asymmetry), as well as its interactions with other organisms (adult and juvenile feeding, role in the feeding of predatory fish, association with seagrass, parasite composition and spatial distribution, relationships with competitors) are analyzed.

The development of principles and methods for restoration of ecological systems that have undergone intense anthropogenic impacts is one of the most important tasks of modern ecology. The work is devoted to the study of the regularities of the influence of organic pollution on the structure and functional characteristics of zoobenthic communities and the degree of restoration of the pristine communities of bottom animals and the quality of the waters of the small Izhora River by bioindication characteristics. For this, the results of studies of the 1970s and 2000s were compared. Intensive organic matter pollution influenced the structure and functioning of zoobenthos, increasing biomass and energy flow through the bottom animal communities. At the same time, the role of oligochaete worms in the bottom communities sharply increased, the role of larvae of amphibiotic insects decreased, the species richness and biological diversity of zoobenthos declined, and the efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels of primary and secondary consumers fell down. Water quality in accordance with the values of the integrated index IP′ corresponded to the fifth highest class of pollution (“dirty”). Downstream, due to self-purification processes, the water quality and ecosystem state improved slightly, but this improvement was not very significant, which indicated that the river’s ecosystem was not able to process excess organic matter entering the river. The introduction of wastewater treatment from organic pollutants at sewage treatment plants contributed to the restoration of the structural and functional organization of zoobenthic communities and significantly improved the state of the river ecosystem. However, a complete restoration of water quality did not occur: it improved to “moderately polluted”.

Differences between a factory and a wild juvenile salmon (fingerlings at the 0+ age and 1+ parrs) were shown in the content of physiologically significant fatty acids and their ratios. Factory juveniles (age 0+ and 1+) have a very low content of a physiologically significant 18:3 n -3 and 20:4 n -6 fatty acids compared with the wild individuals, whereas relatively high amounts of 22:6 n -3 (age 0+) and 18:2 n -6 fatty acids (age 1+) were noted. Simultaneously, the factory juveniles (age 0+ and 1+) differ from the wild juveniles in a lower ratio 18:3 n -3/18:2 n -6 of essential fatty acids (in 7.9 and 6.4-fold, respectively). The ratio of total polyunsaturated fatty acids of n -3/ n -6 families is reliably equal in the wild and the factory fingerlings (age 0+), whereas in parrs (age 1+) it is in 2-fold lower than for the factory fish. A relatively high content of oleic 18:1 n -9 fatty acid and minor 20:1 n -9, 22:1 n -11 fatty acids were found in the factory juveniles, but the level of saturated fatty acids was decreased due to 16:0 and 18:0. A high metabolic rate of fatty acid metabolism in the wild juveniles is evidenced by a higher ratio of 16:0/18:1 n -9 compared to that in the factory fish (1.50 and 1.47 vs 0.84 and 0.46 for fingerlings (age 0+) and parrs (age 1+), respectively. A lower metabolic rate of fatty acid metabolism in the factory juveniles, especially for parrs (age 1+), is accompanied by a high accumulation of their body mass (in 4-fold) compared with the wild individuals of the same age.

The mollusks from the Viviparidae family are among invertebrates actively settling outside their natural habitats. Alien representatives of this family dwell in the waters of North and South America, Europe and Asia. The paper presents the results of the long-term studies of Viviparus viviparus L. unintentionally introduced into the Novosibirsk reservoir. The effect of bottom sediments types and concentrations of organic substances on spatial distribution of V. viviparus in the reservoir was studied. It was found that the formation of denser mollusks settlements (as compared to natural areal) occurred in the Novosibirsk reservoir due to its favorable environmental conditions. The Harmonia+ Protocol was used to assess the risk of V. viviparus invasion into water bodies of the Ob river basin as well as the invasion consequences for its aquatic ecosystems. It is shown that water bodies of the Middle Ob basin are suitable for V. viviparus ; the risk of further mollusk spread is estimated as high.

Lymantria dispar features of a population at the peak phase in Far East territory are presented. We studied the death of insects based on biotic factors (parasitoids, nuclear polyhedrosis virus), the sex ratio, masses of male and female pupae, and female’s fecundity. We show that the main reason for population collapse was nucleopolyhedrovirus. It appeared no cadavers died from entomopathogenic fungi. A strong decrease in the proportion of females was partially mediated by sex-specific parasitism, moderate fecundity, and a high rate of virus-induced mortality was responsible for the fast decline of L. dispar population density in Far East territory.

Original data on the ecological relations of Sifonoptera fleas with small and medium-sized predators in the south-west of Primorsky Krai are presented. The parasitic community of fleas in populations of carnivorous mammals of the studied territory consists of eight species belonging to three families and five genera. Five flea species ( Chaetopsulla appropinquans , Ch. micado , Ch. zibellina , Ch. Dogieli ), Paraceras flabellum are specific for predatory mammals, two more species of ( Ctenophthalmus congeneroides , Megabotris calkarifer ) are found on predators, but are rodent parasites.

We have compared population demography parameters of common small mammals in trap lines obtained by two methods. We applied capture-mark-recapture method (CMR) to estimate resident population density and non-resident activity, and irretrievable requisitioning method (IR) was used to estimate abundance. Though the IR reflects the abundance of small mammals in general it can distort the species ratio in community. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the results obtained with IR were influenced by both resident population density of the species and non-resident activity of small mammals. These factors together explained 88 % of the variance and their contributions in multiple correlation model were r = 0,39 (residents) and r = 0,46 (non-residents) as valued by semipartial correlation.

Climate change of recent decades significantly increases the threat of the occurrence and distribution of wildfire in the Northwest Siberia. However, little is known about the spatial and temporal patterns of fires and their relationship with climate and vegetation in this area. As a result of the processing of Landsat satellite images for the period 1985-2017, it was determined that 10.5 % of the Western Siberia forest tundra was exposed to fires. Maximum relative area of burned forests (23 %) was found in larch and spruce-larch lichen woodlands. Geobotanical indicator of increased fire hazard is the dominance of sinusias of epigenic lichens in the vegetation cover. It is shown that the majority of heavily burned areas were distributed in the central part of the forest tundra within largest gas fields. Our results showed a positive significant correlation between square of burnt areas and summer temperature regime (average and maximum summer temperatures) and negative correlation between burned areas and the amount of summer precipitation. Dendrochronological analysis showed that the frequency of fires varied from 15 to 60 years (an average of about 30 years).

The article discusses the possibility of substantiating the quantum basis of consciousness. We put forward a hypothesis which suggests interpreting the reduction of the wave function in quantum mechanics as the realization of psychophysical wholeness in the act of interaction of the objective physical world and the researher's subjective world. Aspects are noted which can constitute a categorical basis for a hypothetic substantial-informational ontology. Unlike the well-known informational approaches, we introduce the concept of an information source of a substantial nature.

The article briefly outlines some cognitive reasons for the fuzzy understanding of the subject and tasks of ecology, both among biologists themselves and in society as a whole. In this study, the author took as a basis the idea of the levels of organization of living matter. The analysis is carried out on the background of the historical development of ecology in the twentieth century. Data from the history of aquatic ecology are widely used. It is shown that the difficult perception of ecology is based on both the initial heterogeneity of environmental objects and the inclusion of human society and the geographical landscape in the orbit of environmental studies on the wave of interest in environmental problems. The author considers that necessary to comprehend the biological essence of the ecosystem, organized as a whole due to the vital activity of individuals of the populations included in it.

The article considers how the philosophy of late Wittgenstein influenced the concept of the structure of scientific revolutions developed by T. Kuhn. It is shown that Kuhn's concept of paradigm has an analogue in Wittgenstein's concept of language game. Kuhn's relativism in respect to the objectivity of scientific theories is compared with S. Kripke's skeptical interpretation of "Philosophical Investigations" by Wittgenstein. A violent conflict between T. Kuhn and E. Morris reflected in Morris's book "The Ashtray" is presented as a conceptual focus of the discussion. The conclusion is made that Kuhn's reliance on Wittgenstein in issues concerning the nature of rational science was a mistake in view of the latter's complete disinterest in science.

The paper considers Kripke's skeptical argument and its skeptical solution. The example of studies of how the word is cognized shows that the form of life, and in particular simplicity as one of its proto-phenomena, should be the basis for a conventional solution of the skeptical paradox.

The analysis of the condition and the use of Korean pine Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.-broadleaved forests of the Far East is given. The dynamics of the Korean pine stands under the influence of industrial exploitation are shown taking into account subsequent felling practices and the successful restoration of stands. The reproduction of the Korean pine forests without specific silvicultural measures can extend for a long period with the change of the main forest-forming species, that is connected with the heterogeneity and age structure of the components of tree stands. The prohibition of industrial logging in the Korean pine-deciduous forests of the Far East, which was the result of the intensive depletion of this formation, did not completely remove the severity of the problem and did not provide stabilization of the Korean pine forests. Subsequent harvesting of wood in the successional post-cutting forests continues to lead to degradation of the Korean pine stands and does not contribute to its restoration within the boundaries of its range. Final felling of all commercial trees up to a smaller trees leads to a degradation, depletion of the species composition of forest stands and decrease in its environmental and industrial significance. This is especially evident when felling hardwood species involved in almost all types of the Korean pine-broadleaved forests. To preserve the structure and stability of the stands during logging operations, it is necessary to clearly regulate the intensity, repeatability and felling-tree diameters when appointing Manchurian ash Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr., Mongolian oak Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb., small-leaved maple Acer mono Maxim., and yellow birch Betula costata Trautv. trees. Based on the assessment, logging and the characteristics of the newly formed stands, the most optimal techniques and basic organizational and technical parameters of industrial logging for specific forest formations of coniferous-broadleaved forests formed on the site of the Korean pine growing conditions are proposed.

Forest combustibility rate in Russia is extremely high-thousands of forest fires occur annually. The area covered by fires is measured in millions of hectares, fire consequences and the costs of fire-fighting amount to tens of billions of rubles. Reducing forest combustibility is an urgent task not only for forestry, but also for the whole society, since the taiga burns mainly due to human impact - over 90 % of fires arise from man-made fire sources. The main natural factor that drastically affects the current fire danger in forests is weather conditions, under the influence of which fire hazards can change significantly. Temporal variability of weather conditions, their range and scale are very large, from heavy and prolonged precipitation, often accompanied by devastating floods, to abnormally dry seasons with a period up to 2 months. Fire danger and forest burning, respectively, also vary widely, from complete absence of fires to the extreme and catastrophic wild fires. In this regard, for timely detection and suppression of forest fires and reasonable regulation of the work of the forest fire service, a reliable assessment of the current fire danger in forests (in real time) depends on weather conditions. The characteristics of forest fires in Russia and the damage caused by forest fires over a 5-year period (2014-2018) are discussed in the article, the causes of fires are considered, the system of organizational measures for the development and improvement of forest protection from fires is proposed. An improved by the Far Eastern Forestry Research Institute formula, developed by Professor V. G. Nesterov, is proposed, which is the basis for determining the complex indicator, reflecting the degree of fire danger in forests, depending on weather conditions.

The compositional features of stressful dehydrin proteins of some species of Betula L.: silver birch B. pendula Roth, dwarf bog birch B. fruticosa Pall., dwarf birch B. nana L., growing under extreme climate conditions in the cryolithozone of Central Yakutia were studied using specific antibodies. The composition of birch dehydrins hanging from regions differing in more moderate climatic indices (South Yakutia and Pribaikalye) was studied for comparison. The composition of dehydrins in different species of birch under the conditions of cryolithozone has significant similarities. Low molecular weight dehydrins, mainly 17 kDa from two groups of identified dehydrins in the range with mol. m. 15-21 and 56-73 kDa, regardless of the species characteristics of birch, are subject to the greatest seasonal changes. These proteins in shoots and buds, as well as in the tissues of the bark and xylem of silver birch, have a high level during winter dormancy at the lowest negative temperatures, when frost resistance of plants reached maximum values, while they almost disappeared in the summer period. Dehydrins in the region of 15-21 kDa in birch shoots and buds were characterized by more pronounced intraspecific polymorphism in the conditions of Central Yakutia, their content, predominantly 17 kDa of dehydrin, significantly exceeded that of birches of the South Yakutia and Irkutsk populations. The middle molecular weight dehydrins of birch 66-69 kDa are presented round whole year at almost the same level. These dehydrins in leaves, male inflorescences, pollen and seedlings from silver birch seeds were observed during the growing season, although they were found in smaller quantities. Significant similarities in the composition and representation of dehydrins in the organs and tissues of the studied birch populations may indicate their important role in the general mechanisms of the formation of the low-temperature resistance of Betula L. plants to the conditions of Northeast Eurasia.

Common juniper Juniperus communis L. is one of the most valuable raw material sources of essential oils in the Subarctic region of Russia. It is obligatory dioecious species, found in the underbrush in almost all forest types on the northern border of its range. The chemical composition of essential oils obtained from wood greenery of male and female trees of common juniper, growing in the natural biocoenoses of the northern taiga subzone is presented in the article. The results showed variations in the yields of juniper essential oils depending on the gender of trees (3.95 % (v/w dried materials) from male trees and 4.65 % from female trees in the initial growing season). Twenty eight terpene compounds with content of more than 0.1 % were identified by chromatography-mass spectrometry. The most representative fraction of the essential oil of male and female juniper trees is monoterpene hydrocarbons, 67.98 % (of the total essential oils) in male trees and 60.95 % in female trees. The essential oil of male trees is characterized by the highest total yield of mono- and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, whereas the highest content of oxygen-containing derivatives of terpenes is noted for the essential oil of female trees. According to the quantitative composition data, the Common juniper essential oils contain a wide range of biologically active substances that exhibit a variety of pharmacological properties. The antibacterial activity of the essential oils of both female and male trees junipers was evaluated against 3 bacteria: colibacillus Escherichia coli Migula ATCC 25922; goldish staphylococcus Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach ATCC 6538; blue pus organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula ATCC 27853, by the paper disk diffusion method. The essential oils of Common juniper showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria. The results demonstrated the perspective of using wood greenery juniper like a pharmaceutical substance for obtaining essential oils as components of plant compounds and natural products with antibacterial properties.

The contents of the paper aim at issues on native spruce forests in the taiga zone. It includes assessments of chemical elements local cycles in the ecosystem of middle-taiga of different ages of different herbaceous-bilberry spruce forest Piceеtum herboso-myrtillosum on podzols soils. It shows the structure of organic and mineral plant matter from of different tiers is shown. It revealed the regularities processes of consumption and return of chemical elements in the soil-vegetation system. The tree stand plays a major role in formation of the structural composition of organic matter annual production and fall in the ecosystem of old-aged spruce forest. The renewal process was marked as successful under the canopy forest. The plant phytomass accumulates 2298 kg ∙ ha^-1 elements of mineral nutrition. High accumulation capacity is demonstrated by Ca, N, K and Si. To form its annual production, spruce forest tolerate 144.1 kg ∙ ha^-1 mineral elements. The biological cycle rate of nutrients for spruce forest equals 7.3 years. The annual leaf waste provides the soil surface with 104.5 kg ∙ ha^-1 nitrogen and ash elements. Destruction annually releases 23 kg ∙ ha^-1 mineral elements from leaf fallen waste. Forest litter is the main source of nutrients. The reserve of chemical elements in organic soil layer is 1044.9 kg · ha^-1. Precipitations annually enrich the soil with additional 24.5 kg ∙ ha^-1 mineral elements. Transportation of mineral elements outside the limits of root layer (0-30 cm) within surface soil waters is 59.2 kg ∙ ha^-1 a year.

Species of the Rosa L. genus belong to the extensive Rosaceae family, with a very wide area, which makes this genus promising for the use in plantations of various species. The aim of the research was to assess the introduced representatives of the Rosa genus and the selection of promising species for forest reclamation and landscaping in arid conditions. The objectives of the research were to determine the ratio of different Rosa species to limiting environmental factors-drought and frost by field and laboratory studies with subsequent statistical processing of data. Of the species introduced and naturally distributed in the Lower Volga region, the following can be distinguished: R. rugosa Thunb., R. canina L., R. beggeriana Schrenk, R. spinosissima L., R. ecae Aitch, R. pomifera Herrm., R. cinnamomea L., R. acilularis Lindl. The climate of the Lower Volga region is continental, arid, moisture regime - unstable, which greatly limits the development and growth of plants, as well as the success of their adaptation. When transferring Rosa species from their natural habitat to a new one, an important issue is the degree of their adaptation to new environmental conditions. In materials research comparative evaluation of winter hardiness of species of wild roses, and also presents data on the study of water deficit and relative yield of electrolytes, the ranking of species according to the degree of distinction of parameters of leaf plates. In the process of studying the species of rosehip, it was found, that with prolonged exposure to cold and drought, the studied samples undergo adaptive changes aimed at improving the water balance and adaptive capabilities. According to laboratory and field studies identified the most promising species for the use in protective afforestation and landscaping settlements of the Lower Volga region, drought-resistant species as: R. ecae , R. beggeriana , R. spinosissima , R. canina, and winter hardy species as: R. acicularis , R. pomifera , R. spinosissima and R. canina .