Home – Home – Jornals – Siberian Scientific Medical Journal 2018 number 1

Measurements of the attenuation of electromagnetic radiation in supercooled water in the wavelength range from 0.2 to 3.0 cm with its supercooling to a temperature of about -70 °C are performed. Nanoporous materials were used to achieve deep supercooling. In such materials, the properties of pore water are close to those of bulk water. The measurements made it possible to derive a formula for the attenuation coefficient of supercooled water at temperatures below -30 °C. With the use of new data, calculations of the linear attenuation of electromagnetic radiation in the millimeter wavelength range at low temperatures for wet aerosols with small electromagnetic losses of the particle material were performed.

The results of the study of distribution of Tl-208, Pb-212, Ac-228, Pb-214, Bi-214, Th-234, Ra-226, Pb-210, Cs-137, Be-7, and K-40 isotopes in samples of atmospheric aerosol from the southern, central, and northern parts of Tajikistan are represented. Significant correlations are found between the concentrations of isotopes Cs-137 and Th-234 (0.95), Cs-137 and Ra-226 (0.95), Ra-226 and Bi-214 (0.84), Ac-228 and Ra-226 (0.75), Pb-210 and Pb-214 (0.69), Ac-228 and Pb-214 (0.64), K-40 and Pb-212 (0.71), Cs-137 and Bi-214 (0.78), and Th-234 and Pb-212 (0.67). Concentrations between the concentrations of other isotopes are insignificant or inverse. The statistics for dust intrusions indicates that the concentrations of isotopes K-40, Cs-137, and Bi-214 are hundreds of times higher than the background pollution level, and of the remaining isotopes, up to tens of times.

We presented estimates of direct radiation effects (DRE) of background and smoke aerosol in the IR spectral region obtained using an original algorithm of the Monte Carlo method and OPAC models for typical summer conditions and conditions of 2012 smoke haze on the territory of Siberia. It is shown that the DRE value at the atmospheric boundaries in the thermal range with respect to the daily average radiative effect in the solar spectral region is approximately 3% under the background conditions and 10-15% under the conditions of strong turbidity.

Using 20 meteorological stations in Moscow region as an example, it is show that relief-induced microclimate differences affect the calculations of the intensity of urban heat island in Moscow. Microclimate parameters were investigated on the basis of comparison between the daily maximum and minimum air temperatures and the analysis of large-scale topographic maps. In some instances, variations in the carbon monoxide concentration were used as evidences of microclimate relevant air circulations. The outcomes of the study prove that the urban heat island needs to be investigated using data from rural and urban meteorological stations located in similar microclimate.

Numerical calculations have been performed to obtain the wintertime atmospheric concentrations of sulfate aerosols (SAs) and particles of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) in both hemispheres using the mathematical model of transport of multicomponent gaseous admixtures and aerosols. It has been found that a key factor determining the type of aerosol particles in the atmosphere is the temperature distribution. In northern latitudes, only Junge layer particles are found, while the atmosphere above the tropics is characterized by local areas of formation of PSC particles: supercooled ternary solutions H₂SO₄/HNO₃/H₂O, nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), and ice particles.

A parameterization of blowing snow beginning and evolution is suggested with accounting for all basic physical mechanisms of snow drifting, dynamics of air and snow particles, and evaporation of suspended particles.

Numerical and experimental studies of the control of optical elements of the KrF-laser cavity using the image processing method are carried out. Different image binarization methods are considered as applied to determining the boundary dimensions and equalizing the intensity distribution of the laser beam. Conditions for rapid adjustment of the dispersion cavity in automatic mode of laser operation are ascertained, and the initial parameters of the output beam are retrieved within 5%.

Results of comparative measurements of the meteorological range of visibility in the atmosphere with the help of a lidar and a nephelometer are described. Data of the synchronous measurements show a good coincidence between the results obtained by different instruments in certain situations. The correlation coefficient attains 0.92.

Based on the results of statistical synthesis of optimal algorithm of object detection by hyperspectral instruments features of this algorithm are analyzed. The analysis allows us to reveal some general regularities in detection of spatial object from hyperspectral data, which connect amplitude and spectral differences in the radiation from object and from background.

This paper presents a mathematical model for the methane hydrate-carbon dioxide replacement by injection of carbon dioxide into a porous medium rich in methane and its gas hydrates. Numerical solutions describing the pressure and temperature variations in a reservoir of finite length are obtained. It is shown that the replacement process is accompanied by reducing the pressure and increasing the temperature of the porous medium. It is established that during the time of complete replacement of methane from a reservoir decreases with increasing permeability of the porous medium and the pressure of the injected gas.

It is shown that in a hybrid coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator with a channel length of 350 mm and a diameter of 23 mm, the acceleration velocity and the energy conversion efficiency increase as the length of the channel plasma structure formation filled with a gas generating material decreases from 17 to 9 mm. It is found that as the gas generating material, it is advisable to use paraffin which has a less significant deionizing effect on a high-current arc discharge and thus causes a less significant decrease in discharge current intensity and an increase in conductive and inductive electrodynamic forces.

A supersonic flow in the near wake behind a cylinder is considered. Pressure distributions in the base region behind a circular cylinder for various Mach numbers M_∞ are obtained and analyzed by means of direct numerical simulation based on high-order approximation algorithms. For M_∞ = 2.46, the results obtained in the present study are compared with available experimental and numerical data. Generation of turbulent kinetic energy is calculated for various Mach numbers.

Steady flow generated by oscillations of an inner solid core in a fluid-filled rotating spherical cavity is experimentally studied. The core with density less than the fluid density is located near the center of the cavity and is acted upon by a centrifugal force. The gravity field directed perpendicular to the rotation axis leads to a stationary displacement of the core from the rotation axis. As a result, in the frame of reference attached to the cavity, the core performs circular oscillations with frequency equal to the rotation frequency, and its center moves along a circular trajectory in the equatorial plane around the center of the cavity. For the differential rotation of the core to be absent, one of the poles of the core is connected to the nearest pole of the cavity with a torsionally elastic, flexible fishing line. It is found that the oscillations of the core generate axisymmetric azimuthal fluid flow in the cavity which has the form of nested liquid columns rotating with different angular velocities. Comparison with the case of a free oscillating core which performs averaged differential rotation suggests the existence of two mechanisms of flow generation (due to the differential rotation of the core in the Ekman layer and and due to the oscillations of the core in the oscillating boundary layers).

A problem of an incompressible polymer fluid flow past an infinite flat wedge is considered. The flow moves parallel to the plane of symmetry of the wedge and normal to the wedge rib. It is demonstrated that two surfaces of strong discontinuities are needed for the no-slip condition to be satisfied on the wedge surface. Steady solutions of the problem are studied, and the flow is shown to be asymmetric with respect to the plane of symmetry of the wedge.

A model of ionic solutions is proposed which can be used to calculate aqueous salt solutions in different nanostructures. The model interaction potential includes the Lennard-Jones potential and angularly averaged dipole-dipole and ion-dipole interactions. Lennard-Jones potential parameters for different ions are obtained. Characteristics of aqueous solutions at various salt concentrations are calculated using the molecular dynamics method. It is shown that the calculated parameters of the hydration shells of ions are in good agreement with the theoretical and experimental data at a salt concentration of 1 mol/kg. The computational scheme used in the calculations is described. It is shown that calculations using the proposed model require less computing resources compared with the conventional models of ionic solutions.

Linear stability of liquid and gas counterflows in an inclined channel is considered. The full Navier-Stokes equations for both phases are linearized, and the dynamics of periodic disturbances is determined by means of solving a spectral problem in wide ranges of Reynolds numbers for the liquid and vapor velocity. Two unstable modes are found in the examined ranges: surface mode (corresponding to Kapitsa waves at small velocities of the gas) and shear mode in the gas phase. The wave length and the phase velocity of neutral disturbances of both modes are calculated as functions of the Reynolds number for the liquid. It is shown that these dependences for the surface mode are significantly affected by the gas velocity.

This paper describes the problem of determining the temperature of laminar gas flow, in which the equation of convective heat transfer contains two variable coefficients, is reduced to nonclassical problems for zero and first asymptotic expansion coefficient with respect to a formal parameter. The Laplace - Carson transform are used to obtain analytical expressions for the temperature field of ascending laminar gas flow in a well with account for the relationships of density and velocity with spatial coordinates in zero and first asymptotic approximations. Expressions for the temperature asymptotically averaged along the cross section of the well and temperature distributions over the cross-sectional radius are obtained.

The problem of a two-dimensional steady flow of a second-grade fluid in a converging porous channel is considered. It is assumed that the fluid is injected into the channel through one wall and sucked from the channel through the other wall at the same velocity, which is inversely proportional to the distance along the wall from the channel origin. The equations governing the flow are reduced to ordinary differential equations. The boundary-value problem described by the latter equations is solved by the homotopy perturbation method. The effects of the Reynolds and crossflow Reynolds number on the flow characteristics are examined.

The nonlinear dynamics of the free surface of an ideal incompressible non-conducting fluid with a high dielectric constant subjected to a strong horizontal electric field is simulated using the method of conformal transformations. It is shown that at initial stages of interaction of counter-propagating periodic waves of significant amplitude, there is a direct energy cascade leading to energy transfer to small scales. This results in the formation of regions with a steep wave front at the fluid surface, in which the dynamic pressure and the pressure exerted by the electric field undergo a discontinuity. It has been demonstrated that the formation of regions with high gradients of electric field and fluid velocity is accompanied by breaking of surface waves; the inclination angles of the boundary tend to 90oC, and the surface curvature increases without bound.

Exhaustion of supersonic argon and nitrogen jets through sonic and supersonic nozzles into a rarefied submerged space at high stagnation pressures is studied experimentally. The shapes and sizes of the jets are visualized by means of detecting radiation excited in the considered flow by an electron beam. Dependences of the geometric parameters of the jets on exhaustion and clusterization conditions at low Reynolds numbers based on the reference size of the jet are obtained. It is found that the coefficient of proportionality between the size of the first “barrel” of the supersonic jet and the degree of jet expansion increases with an increase in the stagnation pressure. Empirical dependences of the proportionality coefficient on the size of clusters formed in supersonic flows are derived for the first time

Three-dimensional thermosolutal natural convection and entropy generation within an inclined enclosure is investigated in the current study. A numerical method based on the finite volume method and a full multigrid technique is implemented to solve the governing equations. Effects of various parameters, namely, the aspect ratio, buoyancy ratio, and tilt angle on the flow patterns and entropy generation are predicted and discussed.

This paper describes the problem of a stress-strain state arising from expansion of a spherical cavity under increasing internal pressure. The properties of a medium are described by a single curve with a descending section (Hencky medium with softening) under the condition of nonpositivity of volume deformation. An iteration procedure for calculation of equilibrium parameters is proposed. This procedure is based on the method of simple iterations. Numerical calculations confirming the developed technique are presented.

This paper proposes a model for determining the characteristics of the evolution of the field of microcracks in a loaded rock sample by electromagnetic radiation signals. Calculations were made, whose results were summarized in the form of space-time tables. Factors determining changes in the hierarchy of microcracks were established. The adequacy of the model was verified using the Zhurkov concentration criterion. Areas of scale invariance were revealed on graphs of the concentration of microcracks versus their size constructed on the logarithmic coordinates.

A two-parameter (coupled) discrete-integral criterion of fracture is proposed. It can be used to construct fracture diagrams for compact specimens with sharp cracks. Curves separating the stress-crack length plane into three domains are plotted. These domains correspond to the absence of fracture, damage accumulation in the pre-fracture region under repeated loading, and specimen fragmentation under monotonic loading. Constants used for the analytical description of fracture diagrams for quasi-brittle materials with cracks are selected with the use of approximation of the classical stress-strain diagrams for the initial material and the critical stress intensity factor. Predictions of the proposed theory are compared with experimental results on fracture of compact specimens with different radii made of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and solid rubber with crack-type effects in the form of U-shaped cuts.

This paper presents the results of experimental studies of the crack propagation velocity and dynamic fracture toughness of St. 45 steel and D16T duralumin using a modified Kolsky method on a split Hopkinson bar. The results of microfractografic analysis of samples are given, and the fractal dimension is determined. The critical stress intensity factors are determine using the obtained fractal dimension values.

Functionals of direct and inverse problems of forming structural elementsare constructed taking into account the theory of incomplete reversibility of deformations. Formulations of these problems are given, and the uniqueness of their solutions is proved. An iterative method for solving inverse problems of forming structural elementsis proposed. Numerical solutions of these problems are obtained using a finite element method.

An analytical study of delamination in the crack lap shear beam is performed. It is assumed that the material is functionally graded along the width and height of the beam. Delamination is studied in terms of the total strain energy release rate by applying methods of linear-elastic fracture mechanics. An additional analysis of the total strain energy release rate is performed by considering the strain energies in the beam cross sections ahead of and behind the crack front for verification. The effects of the crack location and material gradient on delamination are evaluated.

In order to investigate the characteristics of force chains in a granular flow system, a parallel plate shear cell is constructed to simulate the shear movement of an infinite parallel plate and observe variations in relevant parameters. The shear dilatancy process is divided into three stages, namely, plastic strain, macroscopic failure, and granular recombination. The stick-slip phenomenon is highly connected with the evolution of force chains during the shear dilatancy process. The load-distribution rate curves and patterns of the force chains are utilized to describe the load-carrying behaviors and morphologic changes of force chains separately. Force chains, namely “diagonal gridding,” “tadpole-shaped,” and “pinnate,” are defined according to the form of the force chains in the corresponding three stages.

This paper describes the study of scattered fracture of a thick-walled pipe filled with an aggressive medium, which creates uniform pressure on the inner surface of the pipe. It is assumed that the aggressive medium affects only the value of instantaneous strength. Damageability is described by an integral operator of the hereditary type. The problem is solved with allowance for residual strength of the pipe material behind the fracture front. Numerical calculation is carried out, and relationships between the fracture front coordinate and time for various concentrations of the aggressive medium and residual strength behind the fracture front are constructed.

This paper describes the study of deformation of reinforced concrete. A mathematical model for the interaction of reinforcement with concrete, based on the introduction of a contact layer, whose mechanical characteristics are determined from the experimental data, is developed. The limiting state of concrete is described using the Drucker - Prager theory and the fracture criterion with respect to maximum plastic deformations. A series of problems of the theory of reinforced concrete are solved: stretching of concrete from a central-reinforced prism and pre-stressing of concrete. It is shown that the results of the calculations are in good agreement with the experimental data.

The problem of the post-buckling response of a simply supported thin-walled beam subjected to an axial compressive load and supported by the Winkler-Pasternak foundation is studied in this paper. The strains are assumed to be small and elastic. The shear deformations and the in-plane cross-sectional deformations are assumed to be negligible. The post-buckling paths of the simply supported beam are determined for different values of the Winkler and Pasternak stiffness parameters. Bifurcation points are found.

The aim of the study was to determine the dose of a virulent strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv that is optimal for modeling experimental tuberculosis granulomatosis in mice and to investigate the effect of the original inductor of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE system TS-13 (sodium 3- (3'- tert -butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl) propylthiosulfonate) on animal survival and the dynamics of granuloma formation. Material and methods. Generalized tuberculosis granulomatosis was modeled by a single injection into the tail vein of male BALB/c mice of the 2-month-old M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv at doses of 10⁶, 10⁷ and 10⁸ microbial bodies. Another group of animals on the day of infection with M. tuberculosis (10⁷ microbial bodies) began to receive TS-13 with drinking water (100 mg/kg body weight). Survival was fixed daily; after 5 weeks, mice were euthanized and liver samples were taken for histological examination. Results and discussion. The dose of 10⁷ microbial bodies was found to be the most adequate when modeling in BALB/c mice the tuberculosis granulomatosis caused by the intravenous injection of virulent M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv. At the 36^th day after the injection of 10⁷ microbial bodies, mortality was significantly lower in the group of mice receiving the inducer of the signal system Keap1/Nrf2/ARE monophenol TS-13 with drinking water (44 and 15% mice survived, respectively). At the same time, these two groups did not differ in the number and diameter of liver granulomas. The results show a high prospect of studying the role of oxidative stress and the redox-sensitive signal system Keap1/Nrf2/ARE in tuberculosis granulomatosis.

The aim of the study is to investigate the acute toxicity of the oral finished dosage form of pegylated interferon α-2b, obtained with the help of electron-beam synthesis technology. Material and methods. The preparation was orally administered to mice and rats at calculated therapeutic doses and doses exceeding them. Recorded parameters: animal death, general condition and behavior, weight of animals. Results and discussion. The drug has no toxic effect when administered orally. No macroscopic signs of gastric damage were found. The definition of LD is not possible.

The aim of the study is to investigate the chronic toxicity of the oral finished dosage form of pegylated interferon α-2b, obtained with the help of electron-beam synthesis technology. Materials and methods. The preparation was orally administered to rats and rabbits at the calculated therapeutic doses and doses exceeding them. The drug effect on the general condition and body weight, hematological parameters, myelogram, blood biochemical parameters, excretory and cardiovascular system, CNS were studied. As well as pathomorphological examination was carried out. Results and discussion. The drug has no toxic and locally irritating effect under its long-term use per os.

The aim of the study was to study investigate the relationship between the antioxidant activity of new synthetic structurally related water-soluble monophenols and their effect on the tumor cell viability in vitro. Material and methods. Five original hydrophilic sulfur- and selenium-containing monophenols with varying length of the hydrocarbon chain of the para -alkylthiosulfonate substituent, the amount of tert -butyl ortho -substituents and the «S-S» fragment structure are synthesized: sodium 3-(3'- tert -butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl thiosulfonate (TS-12), sodium 3-(3'- tert -butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propyl sulfonate (S-13), sodium 3-(3'- tert -butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propyl seleniumsulfonate (SeS-13), sodium 3-(3'- tert -butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propyl thiosulfonate (TS-13), sodium 3-(3',5'-di- tert -butyl-4’-hydroxyphenyl)propyl thiosulfonate (TS-17). The antioxidant activity of the compounds was determined in a cell-free model test system by the ability to inhibit the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of free radical-generating azo compound AAPH. Antitumor cytotoxicity was evaluated by their effect on the viability of human histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937 (monocyte/macrophage-like cells) and human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 in the MTT test. Results and discussion. All tested phenolic compounds exerted antioxidant activity in the cell-free model system (inhibition of azo initiator radical AAPH^•) and cytotoxicity against U937 and MCF-7 cells, the effect depended on the dose and structure of the molecule. There was a direct relationship between the structure of monophenols and their ability to inhibit the viability of tumor cells of different lines, regardless of the origin of the latter, myeloid (U937) or epithelial (MCF-7), and growth type (respectively anchorage-independent and attached), as well as the concentration range of compounds (respectively from 100 to 500 μM and from 2 to 150 μM). At the same time, the relationship between the antioxidant activity of monophenols and their cytotoxicity was inverse (when SeS-13 was excluded from analysis), which may be related both to the ability of the tumor to self-defense against reactivate oxygen metabolites and to the indirect pro-oxidant effect of phenolic compounds.

The aim of the study was to analyze the state of the reaction of the hemostasis system in rats to a single and multiple exposures to hypoxic hypoxia of strong intensity. Material and methods. Male rats (40 individuals) of the Wistar line were used in the work. Animals have been subjected to a single / daily multiple hypoxic hypoxia by chamber ascent for 1 hour. Hypoxic hypoxia was modeled with the input-outlet chamber. The air discharge created in the pressure chamber in the training mode corresponded to the liftoff to the «height» of 7000 m above sea level (41.105 kPa, 308.3 mm Hg, hypoxia of strong intensity). Results and discussion. A single exposure to the strong intensity of hypoxic hypoxia is characterized by the state of thrombotic readiness (based on the revealed hypercoagulation and high level of markers of intravascular coagulation). The shortening of clot formation start time, increase in the α angle and the maximum bunch density were revealed according to the thromboelastography data. The activation of hemostasis system thrombocytic part, hypercoagulation through the internal clotting path with the thrombinemia signs disappearance have been revealed after completion of the 30-day cycle of severe intensity hypoxia. In addition, the increase in the blood plasma antithrombin reserve was found in the group of experimental animals. The lengthening of clot formation time was recorded by the thromboelastogram results.

The article presents data on the cultivation and characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) isolated from the bone marrow of patients with dysplastic coxarthrosis. Several morphological phenotypes were found in the fraction of adhesive MSC: spindle-shaped elongated cells, large flattened cells, and thin stellate cells in both samples of bone marrow. Immunophenotypic analysis showed that cells express surface antigens (CD90, CD73, CD105, CD45 and CD34), which are characteristic for typical stem cells. It was shown that the use of a new growth medium containing no components of animal origin for the cultivation of human MSC allowed to achieve confluence of the cell culture on the 16th-8th day of incubation without delaying the proliferative activity of the cells and without loss of ability to differentiate into chondro- and osteogenic types of tissues. Multipotency of MSC was confirmed by osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of cells, during prolonged cultivation of MSCs in induction media in vitro . The differentiation of MSC into osteoblasts was confirmed by immunocytochemical staining for alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red S. Specific differentiation of MSC in chondrogenic type was revealed by staining of cartilage deposits with alcian blue. For the first time, such characteristics of human MSC as: mitotic index, trajectory of cells migration and average speed of migration on culture plastics were determined. The mitotic index of actively proliferating MSC was from 2.7 to 3.4 % of the total cell number. The moving activity (speed of cell migration) was 38-42 μm/h. Thus, bone marrow aspirate from patients with orthopedic pathology is the source of stem cells that meet all the criteria for MSC as determined by the International Society of Cellular Therapy and can be used in regenerative therapy of bone and cartilage.

The article presents the results of investigation of the electron-beam processing effect by a stream of accelerated electrons on coronary stents with a drug coating. Experiments on the visualization of the polymer coating have been carried out, the parameters of the kinetics of the antiproliferative substance as a function of the radiation dose have been determined. Integrity of the drug-coated stents has been visually assessed by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The release kinetic have been evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography method. It has been established that electron beam treatment by the stream of accelerated electrons leads to non-dangerous deformations of the coronary stents drug coating and to the increased yield of antiproliferative substance. Deformation sites of the elution system appear on the surface of the drug-eluting stents after electron-beam treatment by the stream of accelerated electrons at a dose of 1.5 and 3 Mrad. Prolonged diffusion of rapamycin from the treated stent creates concentrations greater than those when used untreated stent and depends on the radiation load in a dose-dependent manner. Stent electron beam treatment by the stream of accelerated electrons provides a high gradient of release of the antiproliferative substance from the elution system, exceeding that without treatment, for 10 days. Comparison of efficiency and safety allows us to consider the technology of electron beam processing as promising for the introduction into coronary stents production.

Purpose: to study the activity of the local inflammatory process in patients with complicated cataracts with pseudoexfoliation syndrome before and after phacoemulsification with the primary posterior capsulorhexis. 54 patients (54 eyes) aged 50 to 92 years (76 ± 7.43) appealed for surgical treatment of complicated cataracts with pseudoexfoliation syndrome were examined. The concentration of IL-6, IL-10, MMP-9, TGF-β1 was determined in the tear fluid of patients before and on the 5th day of the postoperative period. It was established that the activity of local inflammatory process (high concentrations of IL-6 and MMP-9) is determined in patients with complicated cataracts with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. The identified increase in TGF-1 concentrations is a significant factor in the formation of the pseudoexfoliation material. It has been established that the use of a modified surgical technique in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome does not lead to activation of the local inflammation process

The analysis of contemporary literature data considering main reason and mechanisms of vestibular vertigo development in neurological patients has been carried out. The method of clinical and device-based investigation of spontaneous and induced nystagmus, differential-diagnostic signs of internal ear diseases, and main neurologic syndromes of vestibular system irritation and damage have been reported. The clinical peculiarities in patients with psychogenic vertigo and postural instability have been presented; the demand of deep analysis of pharmacologic interaction between the taken drugs in light of possible undesirable effects of conducted treatment has been demonstrated. According to majority of literature researches, the sharp and chronic cerebrovascular diseases matched by incidence with vestibular migraine have predominated among the neurological reasons of central vestibular vertigo. The neurinoma of vestibulocochlear nerve (among newgrowth) the most frequently leads to vertigo, however the awareness concerning brain space-occupying lesion is as well important in case of cerebellar or brainstem localization of the process. The relevance of screening otoneurologic examination and videonystagmography conduction has been demonstrated in differential diagnostics of vertigo different types. The modern effective and secure methods of the patients’ treatment and rehabilitation have been reported in the review. The role of vestibular trainings, as well as the use of simulators based on biological feedback principles have been emphasized.