Home – Home – Jornals – Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics 2017 number 6

The overdetermined system of partial differential equations describing the two-dimensional isothermal motion of a polytropic gas is studied. The system is reduced to passive form and fully integrated. The resulting solutions are treated as ideal incompressible fluid flow bounded by a free surface or a moving solid wall.

In this study, one normal subject and two patients suffering from a cerebral aneurysm with circular and elliptical necks are analyzed by using the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method. Although the blood hemodynamic parameters increase after the occurrence of the disease, the largest increase is in the wall shear stress (by a factor of 4.1-6.5) as compared to the normal subject. The increase in these parameters for patients with a circular neck is more pronounced than that with an elliptical neck. The blood flow becomes slightly more turbulent after the occurrence of the cerebral aneurysm, though it still remains in the range of the laminar flow and the pulsatility of the blood flow in patients is 28-45% greater than that of the normal subject. Finally, the results show that the risk of vessel rupture in the cerebral aneurysm with a circular neck is 40.8% higher than that in the case of the cerebral aneurysm with an elliptical neck.

The influence of small cylindrical bluntness of the leading edge of a flat plate on the formation of spatial structures in a nominally two-dimensional supersonic flow in a compression corner at the Mach number M_∞ ≈ 8 and a laminar state of the undisturbed boundary layer is studied by the method of temperature-sensitive paints. Streamwise vortices are found in the region of reattachment of the separated flow in a wide range of Reynolds numbers (0.15 × 10⁶ – 2.55 × 10⁶) for various angles of flow deflection and plate lengths. It is demonstrated that the existence of these vortices induces transverse oscillations of the heat transfer coefficient; the amplitude of these oscillations may reach 30%. The maximum Stanton numbers reaching 80% are observed in the case with significant roughness of the leading edge of the flat plate. Both the maximum Stanton numbers in the reattachment region and the amplitude of transverse oscillations of the Stanton number induced by streamwise vortices are found to decrease significantly in the case of small bluntness of the leading edge. Solutions of three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are derived for some test conditions. The computed results are in good agreement with experimental data, which testifies to a significant stabilizing effect of small bluntness on the intensity of streamwise vortices.

The heat and mass transfer effects on the flow of a conducting third-grade fluid over an oscillating vertical porous plate with chemical reactions are considered. Highly nonlinear governing equations of the third-grade fluid are solved analytically by using a multi-parameter perturbation technique and compared with the numerical results obtained by the parallel shooting method. The fluid flow velocity, temperature, and concentration are analyzed as functions of the Hartmann number, suction parameter, Prandtl and Schmidt numbers, and chemical reaction parameter.

The problem of constructing asymptotics of the far fields of internal gravitational waves generated by an oscillating localized source of perturbations moving in a stratified flow of finite depth. The velocity of the perturbation source does not exceed the maximum group velocity of an individual wave mode. The wave pattern consists of waves of two types: annular and wedge-shaped. Solutions are obtained that describe the asymptotic behavior of ring waves, which are expressed in terms of the Hankel function. The asymptotics of wedge-shaped waves are expressed in terms of the Airy function and its derivative.

A complex mathematical model for hysteresis of relative permeabilities based on percolation theory is developed. The model take into account the change in the surface properties of the pore space and the rheology of percolating fluids during the transition from drainage to impregnation, which gives rise to hysteresis. It is shown that accounting for the change in the rheology of the percolation fluids, along with accounting for the hydrophobization of the surface of the pore space, provides a better agreement between the calculated and experimental curves of relative permeabilities.

Stability of plane and cylindrical Poiseuille flows of nanofluids to comparatively small perturbations is studied. Ethylene glycol-based nanofluids with silicon dioxide particles are considered. The volume fraction of nanoparticles is varied from 0 to 10%, and the particle size is varied from 10 to 210 nm. Neutral stability curves are constructed, and the most unstable modes of disturbances are found. It is demonstrated that nanofluids are less stable than base fluids; the presence of particles leads to additional destabilization of the flow. The greater the volume fraction of nanoparticles and the smaller the particle size, the greater the degree of this additional destabilization. In this case, the critical Reynolds number significantly decreases, and the spectrum of unstable disturbances becomes different; in particular, even for the volume fraction of particles equal to 5%, the wave length of the most unstable disturbances of the nanofluid with particles approximately 20 nm in size decreases almost by a factor of 4.

Results of experimental investigations and numerical simulations of supersonic gas flows in radial nozzles with different nozzle widths are presented. It is demonstrated that different types of the flow are formed in the nozzle with a fixed nozzle radius and different nozzle widths: supersonic flows with oblique shock waves inducing boundary layer separation are formed in wide nozzles, and flows with a normal pseudoshock separating the supersonic and subsonic flow domains are formed in narrow nozzles (micronozzles). The pseudoshock structure is studied, and the total pressure loss in the case of the gas flow in a micronozzle is determined.

The present analysis deals with a two-dimensional MHD flow of the Carreau fluid over a stretching sheet with a variable thickness. The governing partial differential equations are converted into an ordinary differential equation by using the similarity approach. The solution of the differential equation is calculated by using the Keller box method. The solution is studied for different values of the Hartmann number, Weissenberg number, wall thickness parameter, and power-law index. The skin friction coefficient is calculated. The present results are compared with available relevant data.

This paper describes free acoustic oscillations of gas in a chamber with a jet flowing through its nozzle in the case of nonstationary intensity component of vortex sheet flowing down from the edge of the nozzle. There is established feedback between acoustic oscillations and oscillations induced by a corresponding vortex sheet component. It is shown that, in the presence of given feedback, there could be instability of acoustic oscillations, which would result in acoustic self-vibrations in the chamber. The boundaries of the domain in which instability is formed are determined by developing a mathematical model of stable acoustic oscillations in the chamber with account for the influence of the vortex sheet.

The transverse injection of a pulsed jet into supersonic flow for thrust vectoring in solid rocket motors is investigated. The gas flow through the injection nozzle is regulated by a piston which performs reciprocating motion. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the (k-e)-turbulence model equations are discretized using the finite volume method and moving grids. The pressure distributions on the plate surface obtained using various approaches to the description of the flow field and difference schemes are compared. The solution obtained for the case of injection of a pulsed jet is compared with the solution for the case where a valve prevents gas flow through the injection nozzle. The dependence of the control force produced by injection of gas on time is investigated.

Results of a numerical analysis of the dynamic behavior of a compressed magma melt in a slot channel with gradual opening of the diaphragm and results of simulations of its time evolution are reported. The Iordanskii-Kogarko-van Vijngaarden mathematical model of a two-phase medium and a model that describes phase changes in the gas-saturated plasma behind the front of the decompression wave being formed are used. Results of numerical simulations of the flow with allowance for specific features of the pressure dynamics in the decompression wave, mass velocity components, volume fraction of the gas phase, and its viscosity are presented.

The problem of the vibrations of an ice sheet with a rectilinear crack on the surface of an ideal incompressible fluid of finite depth under the action of a time-periodic local load time is solve analytically using the Wiener-Hopf method. The ice sheet is simulated by two thin elastic semi-infinite plates of constant thickness. The thickness of the plates may be different on the opposite sides of the crack. Various boundary conditions on the edges of the plates are consudered. For the case of contact plates of the same thickness, a solution in explicit form is obtained. The asymptotics of the deflection of the plates in the far field is studied. It is shown that predominant directions of wave propagation at an angle to the crack can be distinguished in the far field in the case of contact of two plates of different thickness. In the case of contact of identical plates, a edge waveguide mode propagating along the crack is excited. It is shown that the edge mode propagates with maximum amplitude if the vertical wall is in contact with the plate. Examples of calculations are given.

A thermal model of the aluminized polymer shell of a gauge-adjusting satellite for calculating the steady-state temperature distribution of this shell at its fixed orientation relative to the Sun. A modified version of the model was used to analyze the quasistationary distribution of the shell temperature in the case of its rotation with a constant angular velocity about an axis perpendicular the direction to the Sun.

This paper presents a study of the self-excitation of thermomechanical self-oscillations of a current-carrying conductor which depend on its electrical resistance, power of joule heat release, and the heat transfer from its surface. The conditions for the occurrence of self-oscillations are determined, and numerical simulation of the excitation of oscillations is performed.

The problem of simulation of electrochemical treatment by reduction to a solution of a Schwartz problem on a parametric rectangle via theta functions is solved. Various conditions are considered (nonequipotentiality of electrodes and inconsistent current output) at the boundary of the surface treated. Nonstationary, quasistationary, stationary, and limiting solutions are presented. The results of surface treatment with tool electrodes of various shapes are given. It is shown that the parameters of the processing mode significantly affect the allowance necessary to achieve highly accurate copying.

The effects of the end conditions of cross-ply laminated composite beams on their dimensionless natural frequencies of free vibration is investigated. The problem is analyzed and solved by using the energy approach, which is formulated by a finite element model. Various end conditions of beams are used. Each beam has either movable ends or immovable ends. Numerical results are verified by comparisons with other relevant works. It is found that more constrained beams have higher values of natural frequencies of transverse vibration. The values of the natural frequencies of longitudinal modes are found to be the same for all beams with movable ends because they are generated by longitudinal movements only.

The distribution of air oxygen atoms in the oxidation products of rich mixtures of syngas with air in the flame and the under autoignition conditions at constant volume was investigated by numerical simulation using the tracer method. It was found that in rich mixtures, the oxidation of hydrogen and carbon oxide occurs in stages, which is clearly visible in the profiles of the rates of formation of H₂O and CO₂. The observed stagewise nature inevitably results in the heat release rate occurring in stages. The conversion pathways and the role of the oxygen atom of the CO molecule in the heat release in these flames were investigated.

This paper describes the mathematical simulation of an industrial membrane reactor for propane dehydrogenation in the thermodynamic conjugation with hydrogen combustion (oxidation). Due to the effective removal of hydrogen through a membrane and the heat release as a result of an exothermic reaction, the temperature of the reaction stream at the inlet could be reduced to 500 gr. The fact that the process is carried out on an industrial-level membrane reactor makes it possible to reach a propane conversion of 75% with a propylene selectivity of 97%, which exceeds the figures obtained per pass in existing industrial device at higher temperatures.

A method for performance optimization of a straight-scheme hybrid rocket motor is considered. The method is based on inserting an additional amount of an oxidizer into the solid propellant with a prescribed distribution of the oxidizer mass fraction along the solid propellant charge. An analytical dependence is derived for the oxidizer fraction distribution that ensures uniform combustion and high efficiency of the solid propellant charge.

Solution is obtained to the problem of determining the conditions of hydrodynamic stability in the presence of flow of gaseous combustion products blowing over the propellant gasification surface. The blowing flow has a low gradient along the direction of motion. Analysis of the obtained dispersion equation shows the development of hydrodynamic instability with fluctuations. The transport coefficients of natural turbulence are presented in the form of the sum of two terms: the first of these is responsible for the transfer in the absence of blowing, and the second takes into account the enhancement of transport processes in blowing. Their dependence on the initial temperature of solid propellant combustion predicts a reduction in the negative erosion effect in accordance with experimental data. Accounting for the relaxation time of the evaporation process has a stabilizing effect. In the limit of strong relaxation, this leads to oscillatory stability (in the absence of blowing), the perturbations do not grow and do not decay. However, arbitrarily weak blowing leads to instability.

A mathematical model of combustion of boron particles in a ram-rocket engine is developed. The boron combustion efficiency for one-stage and two-stage injection of air into the afterburning chamber is calculated. It is demonstrated that two-stage injection of air sometimes allows the time of complete combustion of boron particles to be significantly reduced (by a factor of 1.5-3); thus, the fuel combustion efficiency in the ram-rocket engine can be increased. The simulated results are consistent with available experimental data.

The combustion of a highly exothermic mixture of calcium chromate with aluminum and boron has been studied. It has been shown that these mixtures are able to burn in a wide range of ratios of reactants. The autowave chemical conversion is accompanied by the decomposition of calcium chromate, the chemical reaction of the decomposition products with aluminum and boron, the formation of a two-phase melt of the combustion products with its subsequent gravity separation, and crystallization of the layers. Results of the study may beuseful for obtaining chromium borides.

Self-propagating high temperature synthesis in both the layer-by-layer combustion mode and the dynamic thermal explosion mode was carried out using preliminary mechanical activation of B₄C-Ti powder mixtures in a planetary ball mill. Preliminary mechanical activation modes of reaction mixtures were determined that provide a reduction in the reaction initiation temperature to 600±20 gr. The reaction products consist of mixtures of TiC and TiB₂ with submicron grain size. The results of X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy studies of activated samples and reaction products are presented.

This paper presents an experimental study of heat and mass transfer and phase transformation in the suppression of flaming combustion and thermal decomposition of model ground, crown, and combined forest fires due to the local action of water. The experiments were carried out with typical combustible forest materials (mixture of leaves, needles, and twigs) and models of trunks and branches of trees. The conditions and characteristics of suppression of flaming combustion and the thermal decomposition of combustible forest materials were determined. It is shown that in the case of crown and combined fires, local short-term (a few seconds) action of a liquid projectile does not lead to suppression of thermal decomposition of material (only localization of flaming combustion is possible). In the case of ground forest fires, this approach may be effective with an appropriate choice of the area of the combustion zone sprayed with water and the spraying intensity and time.

This paper describes the measurement results for the shock wave propagation during an explosion of an explosive material with plastic filler. The detection was carried out with the help of high-speed analog and digital video cameras. The air shock wave was visualized by means of shadow photography in transmitted light in the region of separation from expanding explosion products and using a background oriented Schlieren method in the far region. The optical measurements of the air shock wave propagation were used to estimate a maximum pressure in the compression zone at different sections and compared with the data obtained by the pressure gauges. The calculated pressure peaks were in good agreement with the measured ones. The background oriented Schlieren method proved to be a useful tool easily introduced in usual large-scale polygon experiments.

Interaction of an expanding shock wave with a layer of particles having a rough surface is considered within the framework of the collisional model of a gas suspension. The influence of roughness on the shape of the contact boundaries in the gas phase and on the boundaries of the cloud of particles is analyzed. The development of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability is demonstrated. Factors of particle dispersion are determined. Instability evolution is found to increase the amplitude of surface disturbances, and the development of collision dynamics favors smearing of finger-type structures. If the particle motion is essentially random, the pattern of cloud spreading is similar to that observed in experiments.

A method is proposed for calculating the mean velocity of the front of a plane detonation wave in a poorly mixed mixture of a gaseous hydrocarbon fuel and an oxidizer (oxygen or air). It is assumed that the chemical composition of the mixture exhibits periodic fluctuations in the detonation propagation direction, e.g., owing to gas charge stratification. The method is based on analyzing the functional dependence of the ideal (Chapman-Jouguet) detonation velocity on the molar fraction (normalized molar concentration) of the fuel. It is demonstrated that the mean detonation velocity can be appreciably (by 10-15%) smaller than the ideal detonation velocity. A dependence is found, which allows one to estimate the degree of mixing of the gas mixture on the basis of mean detonation velocity measurements.

A method is proposed for determining the energy release in a combustible mixture, which is based on processing the trajectory of the expanding wave from the viewpoint of the strong explosion model. The wave trajectory in the case of critical initiation of multifront detonation in a combustible mixture is compared with the trajectory of a blast wave generated by the same initiator in an inert mixture whose gas-dynamic parameters are equivalent to those of the combustible mixture. The energy release is defined as the difference between the joint energy release of the initiator and combustible mixture in the case of critical initiation and the energy release of the initiator in the case of blast wave excitation in the inert mixture. Results of experimental validation of the method by an example of a stoichiometric acetylene--oxygen mixture are presented. Noticeable deviations of the experimental profile of energy release from available model concepts are observed.

Computer modeling is used within the framework of the theory of density functional to determine the physical and chemical properties of a set of energy materials, which correlate with detonation parameters and sensitivity factors. There are two models of prediction of detonation parameters and sensitivity factors formulated for molecules and explosive crystals that satisfactorily correlate with the experimental data.

The formation of a deposit from mixture of PETN with fine-dispersed aluminum under the action of neodymium laser radiation in a free generation mode is studied. This paper also describes the efficiency of a deposit as a means to reduce the energy of laser initiation of mixtures as a function of PETN dispersion, aluminum content in the initiated mixtures and the deposit, mixture density, and diameter of the region of laser action on the explosive. The compositions of the mixtures for preparation of deposits optimal in composition, which reduce the initiation energy of the mixtures of PETN with aluminum up to 3.75 times, are determined. The mechanism of functioning of the deposit during laser initiation of the mixtures of PETN and aluminum is discussed.

Dependences of the brightness temperature of the detonation front and detonation products on detonation pressure were determined by the pyrometric method in the range of 0.7-9.4 GPa. The pressure was varied by changing the initial density of the emulsion explosive in the range 0.43-1.2 g/cm3. Polymer microballoons were used as sensitizer. The dependence of the brightness temperature in the Chapman-Jouguet plane on detonation pressure is found to be nonmonotonic. In the investigated pressure range, the measured temperature values changed from 2250 to 1830 K. A comparative analysis of the application of polymer and glass microballoons as sensitizers is performed. The obtained experimental data are compared with the calculation available in the literature.

This paper presents the results of investigation of the detonation velocity of an emulsion explosive (HE) sensitized with Expancel polymer microballoons in a wide range of initial density of 0.14-1.33 g/cm3. It is shown that when the density of the emulsion explosive is less than 0.4 g/cm3, detonation with an unstable front characteristic of liquid explosives is possible.

A nanometric HMX-based polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) is prepared by using the solution-water slurry technique. The resultant PBX is composed of 94% of HMX, 5% of fluororubber Viton, and 1% of wax. The properties of the nanometric HMX-based PBX, such as sensitivity and compressive performance, are comprehensively researched. The results shown significant improvement for the nanometric HMX-based PBX as compared to the micron-sized HMX-based PBX. The friction sensitivity, impact sensitivity, and shock sensitivity of the nanometric HMX-based PBX are obviously lower by 30, 48, and 24%, respectively. Moreover, the compressive strength and strain of the nanometric HMX-based PBX are significantly higher by 273 and 33%, respectively. Thus, both the safety and mechanical resistibility of the PBX will significantly benefit from using nanometric HMX

The aim of this work was to study the combined effect on lipid metabolism (total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides) and hemostatic system anticoagulant from plant peony. Material and methods. The vegetable anticoagulantfrom roots of a peony Marin root ( P. anomala ) obtained by the authors was purified from proteins and standardized by koagulological, metachromatical and spectral methods, and determined its activity is 146.1 IU heparin(оid) in 1 ml. Structural features of the drug is established by the method of IR-spectroscopy. The experiments were performed in an experimental model of rats with metabolic syndrome. All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with ethical principles and documents recommended by the European Convention for the protection of vertebrate animals (Strasbourg 15.06.2006). Vegetable anticoagulant in the form of a 5 % extract containing heparin-like component was administered repeatedly (for 7 days) oral administration to animals (rats) at a daily dose 14.61 IU in a volume of 0.1 ml/200 g of body weight. To determine the functional state of hemostasis system was used koagulological standard methods. Determination of lipid profile parameters in blood plasma were measured for total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDLP), low density lipoprotein (LDLP) and triglycerides. Produced weighing rats before and after the experiment. Results. In the development of the metabolic syndrome the use of herbal heparinoidcontributed hypolipidemic (reduction of triglycerides and LDLP by 33 and 16 %, respectively), anticoagulant (increase in activity of 27 %), fibrinolytic (increased activity of 46 %), fibrindepolymerization (increase in activity of 34 %) effects in the blood while the reduced body mass of animals in comparison with control. Conclusion. The obtained data make a detailed study of action mechanism of plant heparinoid from peony, revealing its other healthful properties, in addition to antithrombotic and lipolyticoperation, when used in minimal doses. This drug may be a promising therapeutic agent and can further be used in the treatment of diseases, including cardiovascular, complicated by thrombosis, and related disorders of lipid metabolism.

Objectives. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) rises worldwide due to the aging of global population and higher frequency of diabetes mellitus. Patients with CKD have many complicationts and comorbidities that affect the duration and quality of their life. Early atherosclerosis process can be assessed by measuring carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of atherosclerotic process in patients with various CKD stages by using ultrasound, as harmless and cheap way that can be performed in everyday clinical practice. Material and methods. This cross-sectional study included 87 patients of all stages of chronic kidney disease. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 40.1 (3-110) mL/min/1.73 m². IMT was measured at 10 mm of the common carotid arteries bifurcation. Methods of desciptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression and t-test were used to analyze data obtained from the study. Results. The mean value of IMT average was 1.10 ± 0.20 mm (minimum 0.70 mm, maximum 2.00 mm) and 56 out of 87 patients (64.37 %) had plaques in carotid arteries. Patients age, calcium phosphate product, creatinine level and creatinine clearance correlated significantly with both, IMT and the presence of plaque in carotid artery. IMT was significantly associated with parathyroid hormone level ( r = 0.238, p = 0.026). Conclusion. IMT is increased from early stages of CKD following the worsening of kidney function. Color doppler ultrasound of carotid arteries and measurement of IMT is of great importance in assessment of early atherosclerotic process development and cardiovascular risk estimation in patients with CKD.

The aim of the work is to develop a new atherogenic coefficient as a personalized method for assessing cardiovascular risk in patients with dyslipidemia. Materials and methods. The subject of the study was a sample of men and women ( n = 100 people) with lipid metabolism disorders aged 50-70 years (mean age 58.7 ± 3.2 years) without documented cardiovascular pathology, diabetes mellitus, hereditary dyslipidemia. As a result of the research, a new CA was created and tested, including additional non-lipid risk factors, which was calculated using the formula: risk SCOREЧ(non-HDL-C/HDL-C). Results and discussion. Positive correlation of coefficient values with conventional factors of cardiovascular risk: age, levels of TC and LDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, lipid coefficient of atherogenicity, and estimated risk for SCORE, the latter being the strongest. Negative, reliable correlation of the new CA was found with the female sex of patients. Important for clinical practice is the fact that it does not require invasive intervention and significant time and material costs for an additional examination.

Purposeis: to study the characteristics of dyslipidemia and its types depending on the duration of rheumatoid arthritis, to determine the most significant combination of risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Material and methods: 223 women with RA were examined; the mean age was 55.3 ± 6.8 years. The patients were divided into 2 groups, depending on the duration of RA:group 1 included the patients with early RA lasting less than a year ( n = 87) and group 2 - more than 1 year ( n = 136). The patients from the group 2 were older than the women from the group 1 (55.7 ± 2.9 and 49.6 ± 1.4 years, respectively) ( p < 0.01). The analysis of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), blood lipid profile and markers of chronic inflammation, RA activity (VAS, DAS28), subclinical atherosclerosis markers was made. Total cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with RA was performed with mSCORE scale. Results. Dyslipidemia in women with RA is associated with markers of inflammatory activity (C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), rheumatoid factor (RF) and it is characterized by the increased LDL, triglycerides (TG), atherogenic index (AI) and decreased HDL. The increased level of total blood cholesterol was found to have been always associated with the abnormal content of other components of the lipid profile. Atherogenic dyslipidemia in early RA (group 1) occurred in 1.2 times more frequently than in patients having RA more than a year (72 and 62 % respectively), which is associated with the immune-inflammatory activity ( p < 0,05). Having been evaluated by mSCORE scale the risks for CVD in the groups were very high and high in more than 50 % of cases ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Dyslipidemia was common in groups. The significant predictors for atherosclerosis in women with RA can be supposed to be early menopause, pregnancy pathology, sleep disorders, depression, hypertension, increased total cholesterol level, LDL, AI, TG decreased HDL, high activity according to DAS 28, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, prednisolone taking.

In pancreatic cancer (PC) proved the role of obesity not only as a PC risk factor, but also as a factor associated with reduced survival in PC in adulthood. In PC is marked by increased lipogenesis: an increased need of cancer cells in the fatty acid (FA) is implemented not only by increasing lipogenesis de novo, but also by the exogenous FA assimilation, although several meta-analyses have not confirmed the importance of dietary fat in increasing the PC risk. Metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells is aimed at ensuring the rapid proliferation of tumor cells: the transition to aerobic glycolysis, increased expression of enzymes involved in the FA formation (citrate-synthase, ATP-citrate lyase and FA synthase - FASN), due to a mutation of the gene TP53 . As therapeutic agents in PC offer to inhibit FASN, and also impact prenylation and post-prenylation of oncogenes, in particular, KRAS , known as drugs, given the pleiotropic effect of atorvastatin and newly synthesized inhibitor farnesyltransferase R115777.

The review presents modern data on matrix metalloproteinases, their activators and inhibitors, as well as the results of numerous experimental and clinical studies of blood levels of these destructive enzymes in atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases and their complications, and discusses the mechanisms of action of metalloproteinases that lead to destabilization and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques.