The solar radiative fluxes in the cloudy and cloudless atmosphere are calculated taking into account multiple scattering and absorption. The cloudy conditions observed in Tomsk and Volgograd regions are considered. A comparison between the fluxes calculated with different water vapor continuum absorption models, such as the MT_CKD empirical model, commonly used in the atmospheric simulation, and the continuum model based on the CAVIAR experimental data, is carried out. The water vapor continuum impact on the shortwave radiative fluxes in the presence of different cloud types is estimated.
S.L. Odintsov, V.A. Gladkikh, A.P. Kamardin, V.P. Mamyshev, I.V. Nevzorova
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: оптическое излучение, пограничный слой атмосферы, показатель преломления, температура воздуха, optical radiation, atmospheric boundary layer, refractive index of air, air temperature
Subsection: OPTICAL WAVE PROPAGATION
The possibility of determining the refractive index for optical waves in the atmospheric boundary layer from air temperature profiles measured by a MTP-5 meteorological temperature profilometer is studied. Profiles of the refractive index obtained from MTP-5 data and from aerological measurements are compared. Some calculated values of the refractive index and its derivatives for different seasons are presented.
Possible displacements of laser beams under the effect of regular refraction in the atmospheric boundary layer are calculated. The case of a radiation source installed at the surface level is considered. Displacements are estimated for different wavelengths and angles of the beam entrance into the atmosphere. The calculations are based on experimental data on the refractive index of optical waves up to an altitude of 1000 m received in long-term (one year) measurements of the vertical profiles of air temperature with a MTP-5 meteorological temperature profiler.
Quantitative estimates of the distribution of absorbed solar radiation and temperature effects in the background atmosphere and under conditions of extreme smoke haze in Siberia from empirical data and numerical modeling are presented. Vertical profiles of the aerosol characteristics are formed on the basis of an empirical model constructed from the results of airborne sounding of the angular scattering coefficient and the concentration of absorbing substance at different altitudes. It is shown that under smoke haze conditions the radiative effect of aerosol particles with a high soot content on the daily influx of solar radiation in the central part of the smoke layer exceeds 50%. The change in air temperature due to the absorption of solar radiation during the daylight time is approximately 2.5-5.5 K at variations in the smoke aerosol optical thickness in the range 2 £ smoke(0.55 m) £ 4.
Mechanisms of glory (optical phenomenon observed on clouds) in view of new experimental aircraft researches of the cloud microphysics are considering. New data were received in research flights of ROSHYDROMET YAK-42D aircraft in polar and central regions of Russia. Data on the cloud particle size distribution are presented, and conditions of occurrence of glory on these clouds are discussed.
V.S. Kozlov, R.F. Rakhimov, V.P. Shmargunov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: смешанный дым, относительная влажность воздуха, поляризационный спектронефелометр, обратная задача, оптические и микрофизические характеристики частиц, сажа, mixed smoke, relative humidity of air, polarization spectronephelometer, inverse problem, optical-microphysical characteristics of particles, soot
The variability of the optical-microphysical properties of the mixed wood smoke is studied in the Large Aerosol Chamber of IAO SB RAS (volume 1800 m3) during smoke aging for six days with periodic changes in the relative humidity of air within the range 45-95%. The dynamics of the size distributions and complex refractive indices for the ultrafine, fine, and coarse particles, their effective radii, lidar scattering parameter, and the single scattering albedo in the visible are analyzed on the basis of the results of detailed nephelometric measurements of the angular scattering coefficients and solution of the inverse problem. It is found that both quantitative and qualitative features of the variations in the optical-microphysical parameters vary significantly with the air humidity at different stages of the smoke aging. The key factors of the mixed smoke variability are the physical-chemical heterogeneity of three fractions of smoke particles and physical processes, such as migration of ultrafine BC particles (< 100 nm) in the size spectrum due to coagulation and the condensation growth of smoke particles. Interconnected effects (interference) of the mentioned processes on the particle’s structure determine the main features of the dynamics of the composition and absorbing properties of the smoke particles.
The Rayleigh-Gans-Debye and anomalous diffraction approximations are used to formulate necessary and sufficient conditions for optical equivalence of randomly oriented radially inhomogeneous optically “soft” ellipsoidal particles and polydisperse radially inhomogeneous spherical particles. The consequences of the optical equivalence are used as a basis for the optical classification of isotropic ensembles of “soft” ellipsoidal particles. Correctness of the classification is illustrated by the T-matrix method and Mie theory calculations.
V.A. Poddubny1, E.S. Dubinkina1,2 1Institute of Industrial Ecology Ural branch of RAS, 20, str. Sof'i Kovalevskoj, GSP-594, 620990, Ekaterinburg 2Far Eastern Federal University, 8, Suhanova St., Vladivostok, 690000, Russia
Keywords: атмосфера, мониторинг, моделирование, постановка задачи, уравнения сохранения, лагранжевы частицы, обратные траектории, восстановление поля концентрации, источники эмиссии, atmosphere, monitoring, simulation, formulation of the problem, conservation equations, Lagrangian particles, back trajectories, retrieval of the concentration field, sources of emission
A fundamentally new physico-mathematical formulation of the problem of retrieving the average field of atmospheric contaminant concentrations and detecting emission sources from local measurements is presented. This is a problem of passive location of the atmosphere by wind or a problem of fluid location of the atmosphere. The definitions of new functions are given: the mean effective concentration field and the mean effective field of the sources. The differential and integral forms of equations for the solution of the problem are presented. Several particular cases are briefly considered, which show the relationship of the proposed approach with the methods of back trajectories statistics and direct atmospheric dispersion simulation.
B.D. Belan1, D.V. Simonenkov1, A.V. Talovskaya2, M.V. Tentyukov1,3, A.V. Fofonov1, E.G. Yazikov2 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia 2National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia 3Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar state University, 55, Oktyabrsky Prospect, 167001, Russia
Keywords: атмосферный аэрозоль, сухие выпадения, пассивный пробоотбор, atmospheric aerosol, dry deposition, passive sampling
The comparative analysis of the chemical composition of water- and acid-soluble fractions in dry deposits is performed; the ratio of submicron and coarse phases in surface aerosols is assessed and their mineral and material composition are studied for the background region of Tom-Ob interfluve with use of the scanning submicroscopy. Distinctions in the ratios of metals in the water- and acid-soluble fractions are revealed. It is suggested that water-soluble compounds generally form the submicron fraction, and acid-soluble compounds, the coarse fraction.
V.F. Raputa1, S.A. Popova2, V.I. Makarov2, T.V. Yaroslavtseva3 1Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 6, Ac. Lavrentieva ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia 2V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3 Institutskaya str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia 3Novosibirsk Scientific Research Institute of Hygiene of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, 7, Parkhomenko Str., Novosibirsk, 630108, Russia
Keywords: атмосферный аэрозоль, органический и элементный углерод, линейная корреляция, сектор выноса, источник-рецептор, particulate matter, organic carbon, elemental carbon, linear correlation, removal segment, source-receptor
A.G. Burachenko, V.F. Tarasenko, I.D. Kostyrya, E.Kh. Baksht
High Current Electronics Institute of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 634055, Tomsk, 2/3, Academichesky ave. HCEI SB RAS
Keywords: наносекундный разряд при пониженных давлениях, неоднородное электрическое поле, пучки убегающих электронов, экспериментальное моделирование высотных разрядов, nanosecond discharge at low pressures, non-uniform electric field, beams of runaway electrons, experimental simulation of sprites
Nanosecond discharges in air, SF6, and helium at pressures of units-tens of Torr are studied. Spatial heterogeneity of diffuse jets and autographs of runaway electron (RAE) beams are registered in all three gases in a non-uniform electric field. It is shown that diffuse jets in the discharge gap change their shape and their length increases and changes from pulse to pulse as the pressure decreases; as well, it is confirmed that the RAE beam amplitude increases as the pressure decreases and versus gas, decreasing with an increase in the atomic or molecular weight of the gas. It is assumed that the observed heterogeneity of diffuse jets and RAE beams can be associated with transient light phenomena in the Earth's atmosphere that have sizes of tens of kilometers and occur at high altitudes at low pressures under high thunderstorm activity.
T.D. Petukhov1,2, G.S. Evtushenko1,3, E.N. Tel'minov4
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:517:"1National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia 2Closed Joint-Stock Company Scientific Production Enterprize «Topaz» (AO NPP «Topaz»), 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia 3V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia 4National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050,Russia";}
Keywords: активная оптическая система, усиленное спонтанное излучение, щелочные металлы, натрий, оптическая накачка, active optical system, amplified spontaneous emission, alkaline metals, sodium, optical pumping
Experiments are described on the excitation of amplified spontaneous emission on the D-lines of sodium (D2 = 588.9 nm; D1 = 589.6 nm) at longitudinal optical pumping with a large detuning from the D2 line toward shorter wavelengths. The radiation spectra are measured, which proves gain on the both lines, at Na concentration of (1-5) ∙ 1014 cm-3, buffer gas (helium) pressure of 600 Torr at the working temperature, and pumping power density of more than 1.5 MW/cm2. The time characteristics show that the output radiation varies versus the concentration of sodium atoms in the active medium. The dependences of radiation absorption at the D-lines of sodium on the concentration of Na atoms and buffer gas pressure are given.
V.V. Lavrinov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: датчик волнового фронта Шэка-Гартмана, параметры турбулентности, скорость ветра, алгоритм управления, Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, turbulence parameters, wind speed, control algorithm
It is shown that the efficiency of adaptive correction of turbulent distortions of laser radiation increases if the correcting mirror is controlled via an algorithm synthesized on the basis of prediction of Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor measurements. The use of the predictive control algorithm makes it possible to minimize the error that associated with the time delay of the system. The prediction of the surface reproduced by the mirror is performed on the basis of an analysis of phase fluctuations in time.
D.A. IZOTOV
Economic Research Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhookeanskaya st., 153, Khabarovsk, 680042, Russia
Keywords: урбанизация, экономический рост, численность населения, миграция, регион, город, Россия, urbanization, economic growth, population, migration, region, urban area, Russia
Subsection: Economic Issues of Regional Development
The article shows that the level of urbanization in Russia is trending upward. Within the period under study (1992-2014), the size of Russia’s urban population changed due to natural population growth and migration, as well as administrative and territorial transformations. The evaluation of urbanization factors indicates the relocation of Russian economic activity to the biggest cities. We have found a distortion of a long-term positive impact of economic growth on the level of urbanization in the existing spatial structure of the Russian economy, defined by a large diversity of regional socio-economic systems. The article demonstrates a statistically significant positive effect of economic growth on the level of urbanization over a long-term period, provided that we exclude regions with a high mining share in the gross added value from the data pool.
The article identifies problems and prospects associated with substituting the import of agricultural products and increasing their competitiveness through reindustrialization. We define the main directions, goals, tasks, principles, measures, and potential results of reindustrialization that will ensure food security in Siberian regions, in view of their specific features. Using the agro-industrial complex of Novosibirsk Oblast as an example, we mention projects on reindustrialization and self-sufficiency in basic products.
T.YU. BOGOMOLOVA1,2, O.P. FADEEVA1,2, L.M. FALEYCHIK3,4, K.V. SHVORINA3 1Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Lavrentiev av., 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 2Novosibirsk National Research State University, Pirogov st., 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 3Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nedorezov st., 16a, Chita, 672014, Russia 4Transbaikal State University, Aleksandro-Zavodskaya st., 30, Chita, 672039, Russia
Keywords: Забайкальский край, реиндустриализация, агропродовольственный комплекс, малый агробизнес, сельское развитие, трансграничные отношения, Zabaykalskiy Krai, reindustrialization, agri-food sector, small agribusiness, rural development, cross-border relations
Subsection: Economic Issues of Regional Development
The article considers the conditions, peculiarities, and opportunities for the reindustrialization (new industrialization) of the rural economy in Zabaykalskiy Krai (Transbaikal). We analyze the effects of the collapse of the Soviet agrarian development model in remote Russian regions, which, inter alia, led to a de-graded Transbaikal agri-food sector and chronic losses for local agricultural producers. The article describes the traps standing in the way of sustainable rural development associated with the lack of efficient overcoming mechanisms, regularly arising negative natural and climatic phenomena, investment activity encouragement, and competitive advantages. Based on a sociological survey, we present a spectrum of agribusiness community’s opinions on the existing problems of the agricultural sector, urgent trends, ways for its improvement, and reforming organizational and financial conditions that would give impetus to agribusiness development in Zabaykalskiy Krai. The article contemplates two approaches to the reindustrialization of the agro-industrial complex in Transbaikal. The first approach presupposes an emphasis on attracting large producers, capable of carrying out «industrialization-type» investment pro-jects, which reduce the dependence on unfavorable natural conditions, at their own expense and with state support. The second approach relies on the advan-tages of a multi-structural economy and the creation of mechanisms for the integ-ration of agro-industrial enterprises of various levels and sizes (small, medium, and large) into economic (internal and external) space.
N.S. SMULYANSKAYA
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, bld. D, 1, Moscow, 119234, Russia
Keywords: рождаемость, группы регионов, второй демографический переход, постарение рождаемости, региональная дифференциация, birthrate, region groups, the second demographic transition, advancement of maternal age, regional differentiation
Subsection: SOCIAL ISSUES OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
The article uses age-related demographic indicators depending on birth order to determine groups of regions with various demographic patterns. We show that regions require differentiated family and demographic policies. Natality model characteristics may be considered when predicting population size and developing measures to stimulate birth rate in different age groups comprising women of fertile age.
L.A. POPOV, A.I. KOSHELEVA, A.V. ROMANYUK
Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyanny ln., 36, Moscow, 117997, Russia
Keywords: трансформация спроса, туристские поездки, гостиничные услуги, кластеризация регионов, санкции, change in demand, tourist trips, hotel services, clustering of regions, sanctions
Subsection: SOCIAL ISSUES OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
The article analyzes the dynamics of demand for tourist services in Russian regions under the current Western sanctions regime. We identify groups of regions that reflect a change in demand for tourist services by using the Statgraphics Centurion package. Regions were grouped according to the rate of growth in the number of placed tourists and the rate of growth in the amount of paid hotel services provided to the population. We have concluded that there are regions capable of steadily attracting tourists under sanctions.
A.V. KARPUNINA
College of Social Workers, Moscow Department of Labor and Social Protection, B. Novodmitrovskaya st., 63, Moscow, 127015, Russia
Keywords: государственные учреждения социального обслуживания населения, Омская область, фандрейзинг, фандрейзер, мотивация, public social service agencies, Omsk Oblast, fundraising, fundraiser, motivation
Subsection: SOCIAL ISSUES OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
By using sociological methods, the article examines fundraising activities in public social service agencies of Omsk Oblast. We give characteristics to the regional system of social services and provide rationale for choosing it as our research base. The article builds a fundraiser’s sociological profile and explo- res the main components of his motivational frame. The study depicts motives for attracting additional resources and special features of fundraisers. We show that there is a need to professionalize fundraising in social service institutions, train fundraisers, and prevent their emotional burnout. A revealed specificity of fundraising activity makes it possible to view it as intermittent work, which has signs of both wage and volunteer labor; thus, this matter demands further economic and sociological study.
V.A. KRYUKOV, A.N. TOKAREV
Institute of Economics and Indust rial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Lavrentiev av., 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: регион, нефтегазовый сервис, инновации, социально-экономическое развитие, локальные и глобальные знания, region, oil and gas services, innovation, socio-economic deve- lopment, local and global knowledge
Subsection: Regional and Interregional Aspects of Structural and Investment Policy
The article shows that the global spatial organization of oil and gas services is largely determined by the features of mineral resource assets, while Russian service companies are still referred to as regional-level actors. The analysis establishes the key role of oil services in the innovative processes ongoing within the oil and gas sector. Knowledge-intensive services can significantly reduce the unit cost of incremental reserves and production costs. The processes of shaping and cultivating the oil-and-gas component of regional innovation systems are summarized in endogenous, network, and exogenous base models. There cannot be a single model of innovative development for the needs of the oil and gas sector in resource regions. It is expedient to form and develop such models with due account for a wide range of regional peculiarities. The results obtained demonstrate a need to strengthen the role of resource regions in regulating oil and gas services and innovative processes in the oil and gas sector. The study is oriented towards developing a methodology to study innovative processes within the framework of regional socio-economic systems, as well as towards elaborating practical recommendations on the development of oil and gas services in Russian resource regions.
N.I. SUSLOV, V.F. BUZULUTSKOV
Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Lavrentiev av., 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: ОМММ-ТЭК, экспорт угля и газа, импортозамещение, машиностроение, OMMM-TEK, coal and gas exports, import substitution, me- chanical engineering
Subsection: REGIONAL AND INTERREGIONAL ASPECTS OF STRUCTURAL AND INVESTMENT POLICY
The article describes an interregional input-output optimization model for the fuel and energy sector (OMMM-TEK model complex), experience of its use, and functioning scheme. From the methodological point of view, we show how its application allows modeling and analyzing macroeconomic consequences of reducing coal and gas exports to Europe, presented as various scenarios. The article examines previous experience of OMMM-assisted gas exports modeling and reproduces it in experimental calculations. We compare it with the analysis concerning the ratios between specific coal and gas exports and imports of products with high added value based on input-output tables. In calculations, we use a method of linking negative incremental values of regional coal and gas exports to the national imports of engineering products in certain quantitative proportions. We draw a distinction between the concepts of a national economic scenario and situational scenarios. Options for expor- ting fuel and energy resources are built upon parametric analysis within the given national economic scenario. The article shows that potential GDP (GRP) losses following a reduction in coal and gas exports and in the imports of engineering products may be rather significant. However, they can be largely compensated by import substitution.
YU.I. VINOKUROV, B.A. KRASNOYAROVA
Institute for Water and Environ mental Problems, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Molodezhnaya st., 1, Barnaul, 656038, Russia
Keywords: трансграничный бассейн р. Иртыш, страны-водопользователи, международное сотрудничество, Irtysh River transboundary basin, water-using countries, international cooperation
Subsection: Environmental and Economic Issues of Regional Development
The article analyzes current issues of water use in the Irtysh River transboundary basin and their solutions. We examine consequences following the implementation of inter- and intra-basin projects on transferring a part of riverstreamflow to mitigate water deficit problems in countries grav itating towards the catchment area of the Irtysh.
The article analyzes the impact of climate change on the overall well-being of households. It provides quantitative estimates of the dependence of subjective well-being valuations on regional climate parameters. As a hypothesis, it is assumed that subjective happiness estimates recovered via panel surveys reflect rational individual preferences that may be represented by a utility function while its parameters can be assessed with an econometric model. We conduct an econometric estimation of the parameter values of a happiness function using an ordered probit regression model. The model is built on the data provided by the Rosstat statistical agency and the primary data of the Russian Longitude Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE). We show that the climate factor has a highly significant effect on a respondents’ self-reported life quality valuation; as significant as the impact of other, more common factors such as money income, employment status, health condition, the quality of drinking water and air, etc. The findings may be used in the economic valuation of climate change consequences, as well as the development of policies aimed at preventing climate change.
A.T. YUSUPOVA1,2 1Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Lavrentiev av., 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 2Novosibirsk National Research State University, Pirogov st., 1, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: высокотехнологичный бизнес, устойчивость и стабильность рыночных позиций, рыночное лидерство, high-tech business, sustainability and stability of market positions, market leadership
Subsection: Economics of Enteprises
The article proposes an approach to estimating sustainability and stability of company leadership, applied to analyze leading Russian high-tech firms’ positions. As an empirical basis, we use data from the RBC rating of 50 largest technology companies and the TechUp National Rating. According to the article, high-tech business is characterized by large uncertainty. We justify and calculate indicators suggestive of the emergence of several stable core leaders in the short term. Stability indicators do not show any positive trends. Com- panies that could potentially form the leadership core will not be able to maintain their positions if developing independently; they need support and encouragement. We identify a few regions (including Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, the Republic of Tatarstan, and others) and industries (biotechnology, pharmaceutics, IT, engineering, and others) that are key to the development of high-tech business.
The article considers a procedure for running a contest of strategies for municipal districts development and its results. The contest took place in 2016 and was meant to stimulate strategic planning at the municipal level and disseminate best practices in this sphere.
T.YU. BOGOMOLOVA1,2 1Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Lavrentiev av., 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 2Novosibirsk National Research State University, Pirogov st., 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Subsection: News Notes
The paper describes
preparation and launching of the first artificial satellites of the Earth in
the USSR and USA. Statistical data of successful and unsuccessful launches in 1957–2016 are provided. Brief information about
the families of launchers created on the basis of the R-7 (USSR) and also Atlas
and Titan (USA) ballistic missiles is given. The long-time evolution of rocket
launchers is traced by an example of the 50 years of the Delta family (USA)
based on the Thor intermediate range ballistic missile.
Some methods of thermal
regime control for three dimensional flows around a body due to the
simultaneous impact of body rotation around the longitudinal axis, mass ablative
surface, and heat transfer flow in the body shell material are considered. The
solution to the dual formulation allows us to take into account the impact of
non-isothermal shell wall on the characteristics of heat and mass transfer in
the boundary layer. The effect of the body rotation and the injection of cooler
gas on the characteristics of heat and mass exchange in a thermal protection
material is analyzed.
The
structure of clustered supersonic underexpanded jets of molecular nitrogen and
argon was measured by the method of molecular beam mass-spectrometry.
Peculiarities of application of the molecular beam methods for recording the
supersonic rarefied gas jets under the conditions of weak and developed
condensation (i.e., in the presence of small and large clusters in jets) have
been discovered, identified, and studied. An unusual shape of longitudinal and
transverse cross sections of the clustered supersonic jets was revealed and
explained when scanning with a molecular-beam system. It has been
determined that small clusters and monomers are the sources of double-ionized
monomers available near the flow axis, and dimer ions at the early stages of
condensation, whereas another mechanism of such ion formation dominates, when
large clusters area available in the flow. A marker for fixing the stage
of formation of small clusters in a supersonic flow is proposed.
The influence of properties of
first- and second-order accuracy finite-difference schemes and of the grid roughness
in the computational domain on the prediction of amplitude-frequency responses
of pressure oscillations is investigated within the framework of the problem of
steady-state oscillations in a semi-closed channel. It is shown that Godunov-type
first-order accuracy scheme underestimates the amplitude of high-frequency
oscillations relative to experimental data. Second-order accuracy Lax–Wendroff
scheme leads to qualitative coincidence of a trend of amplitude-frequency response with experimental data in terms
of the harmonics number even at a relatively coarse discretization of a
computational domain.
S. A. Saltykov, D. A. Novikov, E. Yu. Rusyaeva
V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences, 65 Profsoyuznaya street, Moscow 117997, Russia
Keywords: научная дисциплина, междисциплинарность, мультидисциплинарность, интердисциплинарность, трансдисциплинарность, кроссдисциплинарность, scientific discipline, interdisciplinarity, multidisciplinarity, trans-disciplinarity, cross-disciplinarity
The article systematizes interrelations of the components that make up the notion of «interdisciplinarity». We explicate the polysemy of the term «interdisciplinarity» and propose a formalized typology of interdisciplinarity.
S. K. Cherepanov
Institute of the Humanitarian, 79, Svobodny av., Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
Keywords: концептуальный прагматизм, реконструкция, модель, определенность, эволюция языка, членораздельность, conceptual pragmatism, reconstruction, model, certainty, evolution of language, articulateness
Philosophy and science are two opposite manifestations of rationality which compete with one another. Philosophy is the art of producing issues and science is the art of solving problems. Analyzing the confrontation between these rationality streams, the author proposes to interpolate the «methodological concern of philosophy» into the scientific search language that will allow to constitute methodology as a logical theory.
V. V. Tselishchev1,2 1Institute of Philosophy and Law, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 8, Nikolaev st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 2Novosibirsk National Research State University, 2, Pirogov st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: теоретико-игровая семантика, дружественно-независимая логика, синтаксис, сколемизация, композициональность, game-theoretical semantics, friendly- independent logic, syntax, skolemization, compositionality
The paper considers the question of the degree to which Goodstein's theorem may be considered to be an analogue of a true, but not provable Gödelian sentence. It is shown that such an interpretation leads to Isaacson's thesis, according to which the demonstration of the truth of real mathematical analogues of the Gödelian sentence in the formal language of arithmetic uses conceptual resources that go beyond the resources required to understand the basic arithmetic of finite natural numbers. The plausibility of the thesis is disputed from the point of view of the incomprehensibility of the arithmetic content of the Gödelian sentence.
V. M. Reznikov1,2 1Novosibirsk National Research State University, 2, Pirogov st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 2Institute of Philosophy and Law, SB RAS, 8, Nikolaev st. Novosibirsk, 630090
Keywords: частотная интерпретация, субъективистская интерпретация, теорема Бернулли, близость вероятности и частот, устойчивость частот, принцип Курно, Колмогоров, Мизес, frequency interpretation, subjective interpretation, Bernoulli’s theorem, proximity of probability and frequencies, stability of frequencies, Cournot’s principle, Kolmogorov, Mises, Borel, Frechet, Levy
Kolmogorov’s contemporaries Borel, Frechet and Levy believed that Kolmogorov’s request for the proximity of event probability and its frequency characteristics is redundant in the context of applications of mathematics, since it is deduced by means of Bernoulli’s theorem, being its conclusion. The article shows that French mathematicians’ conclusion is restricted by the subjective interpretation of probability theory. Kolmogorov’ recommendations refer to the frequency interpretation in which his «dependent» request is not the conclusion of the theorem, but the precondition of applying Bernoulli’s theorem. A generalized result is that methods used in the subjective interpretation and conclusions based on these methods are of no value in the frequency interpretation and vice versa.
E. A. Bezlepkin
Institute of Philosophy and Law, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Nikolaeva str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: унификация, объединение, интертеоретические отношения, синтез, редукция, физическая картина мира, mathematical structure, Platonism, theory of everything, determinism, emergence, exceptionally simple theory of everything
There are two philosophical prerequisites for creating a theory of everything, namely the possibility to describe the world with the help of (a) a single theoretical object and (b) a generalized mathematical structure. At present, the most popular theories of everything (superstring theory and loop quantum theory of gravity) exploit the first approach. The article considers an exceptionally simple theory of everything which is based on the second approach. The main point of the article is that a single mathematical structure is sufficient to describe only one level of physical reality. The article also considers main problems arising from such an assumption, namely the anthropologism of mathematics, the incompleteness of mathematics and the problem of deterministic description.
St. E. Ovchinnikov
Institute of Philosophy and Law, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Nikolaeva str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: парадигма, теоретическая нагруженность, неопределенность, несоизмеримость, paradigm, theory-ladenness, indeterminacy, incommensurability
The paper is aimed at demonstrating the justification of logical correlation between main critical arguments. Basing on the analysis, we revealed that there was a mixture of two understandings of experiment results, those are ascertaining of results and their interpretation within the ontology of the theory in question. We show that incommensurability as a relativistic argument appears because of such mixing. We found out that there was a logical circle in sceptic argumentation related to scientific knowledge. Particularly, theory-ladenness of observations as a relativistic argument loses its meaning because various theories differ in basic notions and may explain empirical data in parallel without contradictions.
The paper considers whether the remote viewing research program meets two parascience criteria: (1) the deviation of its methods and cognitive activity standards from scientific ones and (2) the rejection of the simplicity principle. In particular, we consider definitions of remote viewing, as well as various aspects concerning the remote viewing research program, such as a brief historical information, methodological prescriptions, statistical methods, empirical data, cases of experiments, and exerts’ opinions. We found that the program did not meet the first parascience criterion. Basing on reliable empirical data proving the existence of remote viewing, we also conclude that psychologists who hypothesize non-physical interactions should not be attributed with the second parascience sign as well.
A. A. Filatova
Don State Technical University, 1, Gagarin sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344000, Russia
Keywords: нейронаука, критика нейронауки, культура мозга, функциональная магниторезонансная томография, визуализация мозга, нейронаука в масс-медиа, дисциплинарная интервенция, редукционизм, neuroscience, criticism of neuroscience, drain culture, functional magneting resonance imaging, brain imaging, neuroscience in mass media, disciplinary intervention, reductionism
The paper analyzes the intervention of neuroscience into various areas of human practice and cognition which results in the formation of the so-called «brain culture». The author draws attention to a number of phenomena showing an active disciplinary expansion which may be observed in recent decades. Three main directions of critical reflection of the problem are marked out. Firstly, the paper shows theoretical and methodological disadvantages of neuroscience itself and raises the question of criteria allowing distinguishing between a «good neuroscience» and a «pseudo neuroscience» or a «junk neuroscience». Then, it considers how neuroscience achievements are presented in mass media and how fMRI brain scans influence the perception of information by average persons. The problem of the social demand for neuroscience and mechanisms forming such a public demand for knowledge of the brain is also touched upon. The penetration of the neuroscience terminology and its interpretation methods into modern social and humanities knowledge is considered; the nature of these reductionist tendencies is conceptualized.
The paper deals with the problems of digitalization of psychiatry and psychology, digitalization here implies expression in numbers. The question is whether we may express understanding and general cognition could be in numbers. The author argues that understanding demands an analogous (not digital) mechanism. But in psychiatry, understanding is essentially necessary to provide the right diagnosis. So, in psychiatry, digitalization will lead to a wrong diagnostic. As to psychology, the total digitalization (questionnaires, statistic conclusions) is also impossible, but psychology resists such a trend, while psychiatry is helpless against it.
R. R. Khasnutdinov
Samara Law Institute, Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, 24 v, Rylskaya st., Samara, 443022, Russia
Keywords: система, подход, познание, принцип, формирование, system approach, cognition, formation
Analyzing the ideas of systematic organization of scientific knowledge whick thinkers and scientists advanced in the Modern times, the author comes to the conclusion that these ideas contributed to the development of systems knowledge in studying of complex objects and served as prerequisites for the formation of the system approach in the form of a theoretical concept named «the general system theory».
