Home – Home – Jornals – Journal of Mining Sciences 2017 number 3

This paper describes the method for recovering digital holograms obtained at small angles between interfering wave fields. The technique for obtaining data on the phase of the wave front reflected from the object is under consideration.

A possibility of creating a capacitance accelerometer for measuring high- g accelerations (up to 10⁶ g and higher) is discussed. It is demonstrated that insertion of a thin electret film with a high surface potential into the gap between the electrodes ensures significant expansion of the frequency and amplitude ranges of acceleration measurements, whereas the size of the proposed device is smaller than that of available MEMS accelerometers for measuring high-$g$ accelerations. A mathematical model of an electret accelerometer for high- g accelerations is developed, and the main specific features of accelerometer operation are analyzed.

This paper describes the study of the surface morphology of BaF₂ epitaxial films grown by means of molecular beam epitaxy in various growth regimes on a CaF₂ Si(100) surface, which is performed by means of atomic force microscopy. The CaF₂ layers were obtained on a Si(100) substrate in a low-temperature growth regime (Ts = 500 ^oC). The technological regimes of growth of BaF₂ continuous films with a smooth surface on CaF₂/Si(100), suitable as buffer layers for the subsequent growth of PbSnTe layers or other semiconductors, such as A₄B₆, and solid solutions based on them.

The analytical estimates of stress state of surrounding rock mass around underground excavations neglect the overlying strata weight, which results in the disagreement between the calculated and in situ measured displacements. The authors propose the phenomenological theory of deformation in order to eliminate the mentioned inconsistency. The theory is based on the fact that the direction of the roof rock weight load coincides with the orientation of tensile stresses found in an auxiliary problem. The authors introduce a parameter characterizing ratio of roof rock displacements to floor rock displacements, which allows solving inverse problems using the basic supplement-in situ measured displacements in the floor and roof rocks.

The article describes modeling mechanical behavior of rocks, including selection of models of inelastic deformation process in anisotropic rocks, experimental determination of elastoplastic properties of rocks and calculation of stress states for specific design well bottoms. The research is carried out for the conditions of Fedorov oil reservoir. The scope of modeling embraces the situations of uncased well shaft and shaft with slotted holing.

The performed thermobaric tests of cylindrical bazhenite specimens consisted in recording of time variation in height of the specimens, h(t), under constant axial loading at varied temperature T. The authors demonstrate that under rapid increase/decrease in T deformation process obeys the thermoelastic law and calculate the coefficient of linear temperature expansion. Under constant increased temperature, the process of deformation is described using the viscoelastic Voigt model. The authors formulate and solve inverse problems on elastic moduli and viscosity of rocks by the data of h(t).

Nonuniformity of a medium shows itself in many characteristics, including Young modulus, Poisson ratio, shear modulus, as well as limit elasticity and limit plasticity. The article shows that introduction of the nonuniformity of properties allows studying hierarchical block structure of a medium in different geomechanical problems and estimating effect of the blocky structure on the stress state of rock mass.

Engineering formulas for the new-way determination of the degree of loading are obtained using the procedure of averaging stress state of pillars having different relative heights. The article presents quantitative estimates of the classical and proposed ways to determine the degree of loading of wide (stiff) and narrow (yielding) pillars. The scope of the study encompasses the influence of a ground surface trough and an upland area on the rock pressure value at the level of pillars, included in the expression for the determination of the degree of loading.

The study shows that in electropulse drilling, an increment in deposition of energy into the discharge channel results in the linear increase in the drilling rate that grows with the spacing of electrodes. The energy consumption due to energy deposition undergoes a minimal change, while the size of cuttings is conditioned by the energy deposition and spacing of electrodes.

The article reports the research findings on feasibility of abrasive garnet production from garnet-mica schist of Western Keivy deposit on the Kola Peninsula using the method of electropulse disintegration. After the tests of material ground to - 1 + 0.25, 90% of pure garnet has been produced. The research shows prospects for electropulse disintegration application in production of pure abrasive garnet chips.

In focus is improvement of hole-making technology by puncturing with batch-wise removal of soil core while a pipe is driven in soil under impact loading. The important advantage of the technology is the concurrent pipe driving and soil core removal. The minimal air pressure required to separate a core and transport it along the pipe is determined. The frequency of soil core separation and transport during vibro-impact puncturing of pipes in soil has been tested in underground construction of utilities. The tests prove the possibility to cut-down time of trenchless construction of underground passages and to raise the level of mechanization of the operations.

The research data on the technology of manufacturing adjoining parts of valves meant to create required sealing of high-pressure drilling unit cylinders are reported in the article. The serviceability of the new design tools made of superhard composite 10 in cutting out adjoining parts from steel and plastic and in efficient shock absorption of vibrations during cutting-out has been proved. The achieved process result ensures enhanced quality of manufacturing and running efficiency of pneumatic drilling machines.

The discussed basic features of geology at gold placers in Transbaikalia include: long extent, occurrence of a gold pay bed nearby gutter, small thickness of a gold pay bed and deep occurrence sometimes, majority of fine flattened gold particles. It is suggested to enhance development of such placers using new engineering solutions. It is recommended to carry out flushing by means of technologies based on the combination of flotation and gravity concentration followed by activation leaching of gold from concentrates and bullion minerals-gold concentrators. A new leaching technology offered for deep-seated placers involves pre-drainage of a pay bed, saturation of the pay bed with photoelectron-activated concentrated solutions and, finally, electrodiffusion leaching of gold.

Under discussion are the direct dumping flowsheets applied to remove lower overburden layers at coal series deposits in Kuzbass. The authors present the calculation procedure for the parameters of overburden excavation and re-excavation flowsheets using draglines. It is found how the re-excavation coefficient depends on the place and level of the dragline site. The recommendations on selecting the dragline route in case of internal dumping are made. The main trends toward expanding the area of application of the direct dumping technology are identified.

One of the approaches to reducing aftereffects of rock bursts is the dynamic support capable to stand strong dynamic rock pressure events in the form of seismic vibration and failure of adjacent rock mass. The article describes the support design procedure in use in hard mineral mines exposed to rockburst hazard. Different types of rock bolting and surface support are discussed from the viewpoint of energy absorption and yielding.

The article describes designs of injection rock bolts that combine the functions of bolts and injectors in reinforcement of jointed rocks during mining. The data of search for low-toxic compositions are presented. The injection rock bolting installation technology is developed.

In focus is waste management-utilization of screenings after volcanic rock crushing at broken stone production plants. The authors formulate causes of increased production of screenings and their poor utilization. The composition and properties of screenings of granite, gabbro and hornblendite are determined. High content of dust particles limits the use of screenings in production of concrete and mortar. It is proposed to remove dust from screenings by pneumatic treatment. The test data on air separation of screenings by cross-flow classifier are reported. The efficiency of dry processing of screenings is checked in tests of treated sand behavior in composition of heavy concrete. It is shown that treated sand enhances strength of concrete.

Based on the developed parametric model of mined-out area in Artemievsk Mine, parameters and anticipated size of accumulated voids and exposures within the limits of Phase I mining are determined. Stability of underground excavations is estimated by the data of 3D modeling of rock mass stress state. Implementation of recommendations will allow safe completion of Phase I and transition to Phase II mining.

The authors discuss the mechanism of interaction between dust coal and gas flow. The characteristics of two-phase flow are studied with regard to energy of expanding gas at the stage of outburst propagation using the developed method of numerical modeling. The mechano-mathematical method is verified in the wind tunnel tests of dust coal and gas flow. The comparison of the experimental and modeling data show satisfactory agreement in description of two-phase coal dust and gas flow under outburst with formation of shock waves attenuating in the line of the flow. The volume concentration of dust coal in two-phase flow essentially influences the process of the outburst shock wave attenuation.

The article reports test data on adsorption and flotation characteristics of thermomorphic polymer joined with diphenylphosphine-TMPD. The tested materials are natural pyrite and arsenopyrite, and models of gold-bearing sulfide minerals. Electron microscopy and X-ray structure analysis prove that reductive adsorption of gold at the surface of sulfide minerals from HAuCl4 solution allows modeling natural aggregates of sulfides and finely dispersed gold. UV spectrophotometry proves selective adsorption of TMPD at gold. Laser scanning microscopy shows connection of TMPD with micro- and nano-size gold on polished sections of pyrite and arsenopyrite. During monomineral flotation, joint use of TMPD and butyl xanthate at a ratio of 1:1 doubles the yield of gold-bearing sulfides and enables maximum recovery of gold minerals at the total consumption of reagents reduced by 30-50%. It is found that TMPD is selective relative to gold-bearing minerals and its combination with xanthate ensures considerable increment in gold-bearing mineral recovery by flotation.

The authors analyze geochemical data on residual soils of Svetloborsk and Nizhny Tagil massifs of the Ural Platinum Belt after tests aimed to determine content of platinum group elements, gold and silver in different zones of geological cross section. The scope of the analysis embraces theory of gravity concentration in the flows of suspended matter. The criterion of efficient dressability in gravity concentrators (hydraulic separation coefficient) is adapted as an alternative to the equal-settling factor inclusive of the influence of a particle shape. The presented calculated coefficients of hydraulic separation for different shape particles of olivine and platinum prove that flattened particles are separated more efficiently with centrifugal gravity concentrators. The theory is backed with the experimental data, and the conclusion on applicability of the proposed hydraulic separation coefficient is drawn.

The article demonstrates feasibility of additional iron recovery from the secondary kind of mineral raw materials-dry magnetic separation tailings obtained at crushing and processing factories of Abaza and Irba and wet magnetic separation tailing produced at Abagur processing plant of Evrazruda. Dry centrifugal separation treatment of Abaza tailings -3 mm in size allowed 6.3% of middlings with Fe_total and Fe_mag contents of 40.4 and 32%, respectively; the result of dry magnetic separation of Irba tailings -5 mm in size is 7.7% middlings with the content of Fe_total and Fe_mag 39.9 and 30.8%. Wet magnetic separation of Abagur tailings -0.007 mm in size allowed recovery of 0.6 to 1.45% of magnetic fraction with Fe_total content of 53.3 and 51.6%, respectively, and Fe_mag content of 49.8 and 48.5%. Fitting of modern separators with the magnetic systems based on neodymium-ferrum-boron considerably improves output of the machines (in dry centrifugal separation circuit) and enhances the yield of magnetic product in wet separation of tailings.

In focus is the nature of intergrowth boundaries between basic minerals (magnetite, hematite and quartz) composing ferruginous quartzite of Kursk Magnetic Anomaly. The data of investigation of intergrowth boundaries between contact minerals on nanotribometer Ti-950, dynamic nanotester TNI and micro-hardness tester PMT-3M before and after mechanical treatment are presented. The studied physical properties and structural conditions of basic minerals demonstrate diversity and complexity of intergrowth boundaries. It is found that strength of interphase boundaries and features of jointing are interrelated with their types and structure. It is shown that treatment of ferruginous quartzite simply by compression will result in generation of hard-to-dissociate aggregates, sludging of the ground material and reduction in the recovery of a target mineral in the end product. Based on the strength of contact phases, it is recommended to adjust grinding mode, or to apply efficient method of mechanical treatment.

The process of coal suspension dewatering in centrifuges and pneumatic drainage in vacuum filters and filter presses is theoretically studied. From the condition of equal centrifugal forces and surface tension applied to liquid in a granular layer of the working element of the centrifuge bowl, the analytical relation is obtained to calculate residual concentration of liquid in the treated layer. It is shown that calculation results obtained using the relation, rated data and specifications of industrial drainers agree well. With regard to the equality between the kinetic energy applied by filtration flow in the granular layer to the liquid film in the granules and the work to overcome surface tension forces that keep the film on the surface of the granules, the analytical relation is obtained to calculate residual concentration of liquid in the layer under pneumatic drainage. The estimates prove realistic nature of the results obtained with the latter relation as well as their agreement with the test and rated data of industrial vacuum filters and filter presses.

The article describes studies into process properties of wollastonite-bearing rocks of Tyrnyauz deposit with a view to developing an efficient technology for production of high-grade wollastonite concentrate. The recommended process flow diagram includes milling, screening, X-ray luminescence separation, wet electromagnetic separation and flotation. From the data of chemical and X-ray phase analyses, the produced wollastonite concentrate conforms with the Voksil-100 grade.

The presented geoinformation technology developed based on the experimental and computer-aided physicochemical modeling enables quantitative calculation and mapping of aftereffects of geochemical processes in sulfide material dumps in terms of Udokan copper deposit. The role of nitrogen as a component of acid rains is emphasized together with its effect on chemical weathering of sulfides. The authors report modeling and testing data on oxidative leaching of Udokan sulfide ore using nitrogen compounds. The classical and geoinformation approaches to calculating leakage flux being of importance for exploration and geoecology studies in permafrost are compared. The obtained results on intensification of sulfide oxidation under conditions of permafrost allow estimating potential environmental impact of the planned mining operations at Udokan deposit and can be used to improve the current cryo-geotechnologies of metal ore mining.

The concept of «educational space» in recent years is one of the most used in the scientific literature. Nevertheless, today there is no methodological unity in the matter of its categorical definition. The author presents his understanding of the modern educational space as well as the criteria by which it can be characterized. The material of the research are normative documents and prognostic assessments belonging to key institutions responsible for the present and future of educational policy as well as the educational environment itself (mainly domestic ones). This approach allows us to identify the direction of changes in modern education as a socio-cultural complex of interactions and practices. To identify the characteristics and key features of the modern educational space, the author turns to the analysis of key trends in modern education. This allows, first, to determine the coordinate system in which the formation is located. It makes possible to determine the topological characteristics of the phenomenon being analyzed. Secondly, the systematic and large scale of modern education in all its forms (including the claim of «life-long education») allows us to draw a conclusion about the spatial nature of education as a phenomenon of social and political reality. The increase in the mass character of education is accompanied by an increase in the individual dimension of the educational process, which means the formation of a new type of relationship within the space of the reproduction of knowledge and innovations. An important factor in the process of transforming the educational space is also the widespread use of information and technology tools, which probably speeds up the process of introducing change. At the same time, geographical expansion (increase in coverage) of the educational space can be accompanied by a functional contraction and even the «withering away» of certain elements. The analysis of changing elements allows the author to distinguish unchanged (at least, relatively stable) features in the educational space. From the point of view of the content of education, we are talking about unification, the tendency to eliminate barriers, and non-dogmatism. The form of educational attitudes and practices remains the same, but the form itself can receive new content, according to some predictions. Finally, on the basis of the dynamics of the development of education, the author concludes that today we are seeing the formation of a fundamentally new educational space which is different from the Modern age. Under these circumstances, special attention should be paid to the axiological component of education as a necessary component of the future global educational space.

The processes of integration and differentiation in education and their results affect the social dimension of modern domestic education. Social integration and differentiation in education can manifest themselves as positive and negative trends. Social differentiation in education at the institutional level contributes to the coexistence of comprehensive education and author schools, providing an expansion of the range of opportunities to meet the educational needs of the younger generation. Nevertheless, differentiation also manifests itself in the reproduction of social inequality and professional stratification (division of professions into prestigious and non-prestigious, not completely corresponding to the real demand for representatives of non-prestigious spheres of employment in the eyes of citizens). At the level of the organization of the educational process, by means of introduction of tutoring, differentiation contributes to the individualization of education. However, such an individualized education can become elite and inaccessible for most citizens. Social integration serves the purposes of uniting the nation and acculturation of migrants in Russian society via the education system. Inclusive education of schoolchildren and students with disabilities and developmental peculiarities contributes to their socialization. The common content of education and similar educational trajectories of its subjects are also aimed at forming a single picture of the world in the citizens of the country and their consolidation. But social integration without taking into account the special educational needs of gifted students, students with disabilities or representatives of ethnic cultures narrows their choice and horizon of development. The author of the article finds empirical confirmation of these theses and proposes a way out of the current situation, which is possible with the successful implementation of the project «Open Education» by the Ministry of Education and the Government of the Russian Federation.

In the modern information society, a huge amount of information has been accumulated of a very diverse nature - everyday, mass, cultural, scientific, religious, technical, technological, political, legal, ethical, aesthetic ones, etc. But only the information that as a whole works for a balanced development of man, society and environmental relations, can play an anti-crisis role, forms the necessary potential for a balanced knowledge of human relations with the world. In the conditions of dangerous anthropo-social and socio-cultural transformations, the problem of identifying and accumulating reliable knowledge of the creative nature, the complex study of man, his life activity and the transformations of man himself under the influence of various factors is becoming urgent. The selection of knowledge and knowledge complexes obtained in this direction can, in turn, be effectively applied in the philosophy of education and in the field of education. The emphasis is on the formation of anthropological knowledge in the philosophy of education. The question of the tripartite nature of the philosophical aspect of the philosophical and educational studies is discussed: 1) general philosophical one, 2) socio-philosophical, and 3) anthropo-philosophical ones.

The relevance of the article is connected with the search for the ways of forming a new educational vector. The latter depends on a large number of factors such as the influence of the state, scientific, industrial, cultural, familial, informational - communicative educational paradigms. The definition of «ideological matrix» for spontaneously emerging education is considered to be the problem at the changing of scientific worldview, social priorities and a new social order for education. It requires the initial conceptual scheme or model, based either on the integration of the listed educational «prototypes» or on a new conceptual scheme grounded on the sociocultural logical construct. Today, any of the following paradigms of education such as the degree of necessity, exclusivity and the importance for the improvement of culture and society, claims the status of an independent institution. Therefore, the use of «ideological matrix» is viewed as the philosophical understanding of the processes in education and these processes are caused by complex global cataclysms. The use of «ideological matrix» for the complex transformation of the basic concepts of education appears the most appropriate. This article leads to think: if there is a need to create a unified educational paradigm, or is it preferably that any of them should be developed and improved subjectively. This provision, however controversial it were, is largely due to the socio-cultural peculiarities of the Russian socio-historical system. This education of future that is formed in non-standard order is already related with the conditions of the contemporary socio-cultural situation.

The article shows the current trends and perspectives of using electronic educational resources in the process of teacher training. The author considered the most popular in the modern world and national practice Internet resources, online services and the possibility of their use in the educational process, also presented digital pedagogical University content, providing a systematic use of e-learning technologies.

The article discusses the problems of teaching a foreign language in higher education, in particular, the causes of student alienation, as well as the effective methods of cognitive activity and usage of learner-centered approach in order to overcome this type of alienation. The article is aimed at analyzing teaching a foreign language to the 1^st and 2^nd-year university students through podcasting. The article discusses the benefits of podcasts in learner-centered educational environment. The authors define the application of podcasting as an advanced method of teaching a foreign language.

The article deals with the integrative method of teaching a foreign language - the case study, describes the experience of applying this method in English classes in the preparation of students of international relations, the distinctive features and advantages of the case method are gradually revealed, which is considered as part of the independent teaching work of university students and the factor of increasing motivation. The authors analyze the problems of training future specialists, in particular, the practical using in everyday speaking and professional language: for the active using of foreign language, both in everyday and in professional and business communication. To solve these problems, the authors offer to use the case method, describe the stages of work with the case, the types of cases and the advantages of using this method.

This article discusses the causes and circumstances of the sustainable development of the media as a sign of political-administrative Internet communication. Analyzing the examples of such a communicative practice, the author reveals its journalistic nature and comes to the conclusion that blog entries of the representatives of political and administrative power are the new media that perform the basic functions of journalism and are fully involved in order to best inform the public about various administrative actions.

The main objective of this research was to study the effect of philosophical stories on the questioning spirits of fifth grade elementary male students in Second District of Ardebil city. The study population included all fifth grade students out of which 50 were selected through the available sampling method and were divided into two groups with 25 members as experiment and control groups. The research instrument was a researcher made questionnaire and using a quasi-experimental study with the kind of pretest-posttest which was implemented by the Lipman exploration method and the philosophy was taught in ten sessions to strengthen students' questioning skills. In order to stimulate students' curiosity and questioning is necessary for teaching philosophy to children, the philosophical discussions were taught with little intellectual stories. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the research. The results showed that the null hypothesis is rejected and the research hypothesis was confirmed with 95% confidence, so philosophical stories have a positive impact on students' questioning spirit. The results of this study are consistent with the findings of researches conducted abroad.

According to a series of authors, knowledge of the general patterns and features of formation of the motional sphere of children with various deviations represents special importance for search of effective pedagogical remedies and methods of correction of motivational disturbances. For school students with disturbances of various nature in functioning of the acoustic analyzer, the movement is not only a condition of life support, an agent and a method of maintenance of working capacity, but also a way of development of all zones of a cortex of larger hemispheres of a brain, coordination of motional interactions, cognitive processes, corrections and compensations of disadvantages of physical and mental development. At the school age, indicators of physical development of children with various degree of hearing disorder also have the reduced level in comparison with the school students with normal hearing. Insufficiency of speech at children with a hearing disorder reduces the efficiency of educational and pedagogical process of physical training. Unfortunately, in the literature studied by us, there is no accurate definition of the sensitive periods of development of coordination abilities in deaf children, but only fragmentary studies of some motor qualities can be found. Researchers claim that the children with a hearing disorder having appreciable vestibular function have higher functionality when performing physical exercises. The process of adaptive physical training of deaf children of younger school age at physical education classes became an object of this research. The subject of the research is the influence of physical exercises on the development of coordination abilities of children of younger school age with a hearing disorder.

The article discusses the mechanisms of realization of the strategy of national policy in the sphere of general education. Major cities in Russia have always had a multinational (multiethnic) composition of the population, but in the last twenty years the problems of education and socialization of children of different nationalities have intensified in connection with the mass migration flows. Today the organs of social management need to know the problems in the modern conditions of the schools with a multinational structure, which are involved in education, upbringing and mutual adaptation of children of different ethnicity. School leaders noted that the administrative requirements for mandatory registration of migrant children and their parents transferred the activities of the institutions of educational in the plane of the Supervisory functions. Numerous inspections and monitoring hinder the normal development of the educational process. For example, the experience of schools working with migrant children, the analysis of specific organizational and content ways of teaching Russian language as non-native, mutual psychological adaptation and harmonization of interethnic relations among students of different nationalities. In the article we substantiate the need for special criteria for evaluating the activities of the multinational schools for recognition of their experimental sites, and the need for education coordinating Council for such educational institutions, financial, legal, methodological and material support of these schools, as well as the dissemination of their experience to other educational institutions. Specific proposals for governments and multinational schools to improve the work with migrant children are formulated.

The author of the article discusses the insufficiently investigated problem of rational and non-rational cognition and knowledge. The specificity of gnoseology and epistemology in rational and non-rational comprehension of the world is indicated. At the heart of the first there is the analytical and theoretical comprehension of the world, and at the heart of the second, the contemplative-intuitive one. Then the author turns to the little explored area of the methodology of non-rational cognition and compares it with the methodology of rational cognition. Next, the author points to the main approaches to the integration of epistemology and the methodology of rational and non-rational cognition on the basis of an integrated approach to research. The obtained results are of great importance in addressing the problem of man, man in education (training and upbringing) and the problem of the philosophy of education. The proposed approaches to understanding and transforming a person in the processes of education and upbringing are of direct practical importance for the preparation of an integral person, his/her full socialization and acculturation in the modern world.

In the article the detailed analysis of the system of values is carried out. As a result, it is established that the value nucleus of military culture based on the values of Russian state interacts with various forms of culture. In the work it is indicated that the values of military service, reflected in the consciousness of person, give to it the specific directivity and stability, the succession of behavior and activity; therefore values come out as an essential factor, which regulates and determines the motivation of the professional activity of the soldiers. The values are the basis of the formation of the worldview of the soldier. In the article, we examine the concept of the nucleus of the culture of military service; its basic components are identified: the sign-symbolic systems - language, the mechanisms of cultural translation - traditions, rituals and rites, the forms of social organization - military formations. Also, the basic components of the analysis of values are identified. In this case, a special attention is given to the analysis of the value nucleus of military culture taking into account the specific character of service itself.

In the article, ways of effective formation of color perception for the pupils in the painting classes are considered. The author suggests introducing into the educational process, before creation of a still life in color, a theoretical course, special short-term and training exercises allowing acquainting pupils of children's art school with the ways of color reproduction and picturesque techniques. At the same time, the process of training is built taking into account stimulation of personal initiatives of school students, their thought processes, has a personally focused direction and is based on self-expression of pupils, and the most important factor of this process is systematicity in performance of special exercises and tasks. Besides, the author came to conclusion that, for more rapid formation of complete color perception of pupils on the classes in painting at a prime grade level, it is necessary to use gouache as it is the most universal art material having a number of positive properties.