The paper considers the methodical approaches to the assessment of how efficient the transactions of merger and acquisition are in the commercial and social aspects and what such transactions mean to national and regional economies. Applying the model offered by R. Merton for the optional assessment of value equity, the author presents a comparative analysis of the horizontal and conglomerate mergers, and analyses the conflicts of interests between companies' managers, owners and creditors. From the point of view of national and regional efficiency, the paper researches how to find a balance between operating synergy and the higher power of such consolidated company in the market. The latter contributes to the higher prices and a lower consumer surplus. The paper also describes the factors defining benefits from and costs of the transactions of merger and acquisition for the national economy and different regions.
The paper analyses the dynamics and sectoral structure of tax payments going from the Siberian Federal District. It was shown that the tax payments, made by the industries of the District, play a role of a locomotive in a tax sphere, and the regions of the District show the higher rates than Russian average ones. The paper also researches the reasons why the tax payments going from such sectors as transport, communication and trade relatively drop.
The paper presents the methodological bases, techniques and tools applied to develop and assess the efficiency of strategies or indicative plans for Russian regions. The notion "a concept-model" includes the theoretical concepts and methodical approaches to the process of forecasting which are presented in the form of the techniques and tools for obtaining projecting estimates. Some results are shown here such as those concerning the strategic development for Siberia, the Novosibirsk Oblast and Novosibirsk Megapolis.
The paper analyses the methodological issues of assessing the proportion of different investments which may positively influence on shaping the knowledge economy and technological sophistication, and shows the national and regional trends in shaping factors of such investments especially those going to labour resources training. The author validates the necessity to modernize the investment structure mostly through the higher share of the investments made for the technological innovations providing better competitiveness.
The paper shows the present situation and prospects for cooperation between the frontier Russia's regions and Mongolia. It is also given such analysis of the retrospective data concerning Buryatia Republic and the basic prospective ways for the cooperation in the context of international competition on Mongolia markets.
The paper rationalizes the idea that the policies to stimulate birth rate should be regionally differentiated. The factors of reproductive activity of population are shown. The paper classifies the regions by the levels and factors of reproductive activity. It is shown that the level of reproductive activity is motivated by the indicators of socio-economic stability achieved by the country, a region and a family and the indicators of personal living conditions as well as a fact of whether these indicators are balanced.
The paper presents a sociological study of how elderly people, living in two large industrial districts of Novosibirsk, have adapted to the social changes happened at the macro- and micro levels; and to what degree their life views correspond to the existed social standards. The authors describe this socio-economic group - the population of the third age - and show its heterogeneity.
The paper researches what role the regions with hydro carbonic resources could play for Russian economy under the condition of the financial and economic crisis. The authors analyze the existed and prospected directions of the oil and gas transportation within the country and for export, and conclude that the choosing of strategy for the new export pipeline routs should be done from the position of how to lower the transportation costs for Russian companies and allowing for policies of transit states.
The paper researches the issues of how holistic, balanced and coordinated the development of enterprises and the implementation of large investments projects in energy industry, which define the future economies of the units of the Russian Federation, is.
The global climate change is topical for Russia since a significant part of its territory is located in the North - in the permafrost zone affected by the climate change especially strong. The global warming gives a rise to new risks for Northern territories and requires an appropriate state's policy. The paper analyzes the risk and threats for the population and economy, and presents the measures how to ensure the safety for the life and economic activity in the North.
Applying a reproduction approach, the paper researches the methodological issues of municipal administration; the issues concerning the improvement of the management mechanism for the socio-economic development in municipal units; the distribution of powers between regional and municipal governments; and how municipal authorities and businesses may cooperate.
The paper analyses the strong and weak aspects of the methods applied to the ratings assessment, and puts forward the idea of applying an adapted technique of how to evaluate the potential of multidimensional objects to consumers' cooperation organizations as they are of this type. The technique based on such mathematical apparatus allows obtaining the independent estimates of how effectively an entity operates.
The paper analyses the financial, economic and legal approaches to the pilot project on better crediting the owners of private farms in the regions of the Siberian Federal District and it presents the output obtained by the implementation of the project. The paper describes the lending algorithms and mechanisms where crediting is partially realized by local authorities and enterprises, and the mechanisms of public insurance for the commercial lending institutions engaged in financing the pilot project.
The paper shows how the executive federalism in Germany has transformed into the federalism of division of powers between the federal center and land governments in the result of the reform of intergovernmental fiscal relations. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the mechanisms provided financial equalization of lands and municipalities and existed in the pre- and after-reform periods. The paper shows the reasons of the German public and lands' debts. The authors conclude that the reform of intergovernmental fiscal relations may further go in the way of strengthening positions of the federal center in all spheres.
The paper analyses how the JEREMIE fund initiative is profitable and enhances the functioning of micro and small enterprises engaged in JEREMIE fund. Particularly profitable are aspects connected with providing these enterprises with equity capital (i.e. Business Angels, Venture Capital) as well as with the theoretical possibilities connected with reducing the financial risk by over regional institution guarantees.
The paper describes the recent studies made by the IEIE SB RAS concerning the development of strategic socio-economic plans for Siberia. The paper focuses on the latest version of the strategy having been developed since the end of 2008, and the reasons why it needs to be renewed. The authors formulate the development objectives and tasks for the next 20-25 years, the strategic priorities, and factors which may favour and impede the achievement of these objectives. The paper also analyses the primary stages of the current financial and economic crisis, suggests the hypotheses of how the crisis would continue and what impact it would have on the development in Siberia.
The paper evaluates the structural shifts occurring under the influence of high prices for hydrocarbon materials and taking place in the Khanty-Mansisk-Yugra and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts. It was shown how a two-sector model of these regional economies has shaped under the high oil and gas prices. The paper considers what kind of risks may threaten such two-sector economy.
The paper presents his regional informational socio-economic monitoring system and an analytic system to trace the dynamics of regional development. There are also presented the basic goals of how IT-technologies would be applied to the regional socio-economic monitoring and the economic analysis. The author developed a model and a relative software-based informational management system that would provide the higher efficiency of decisions made by the top regional authorities.
The paper analyses the issues of how regional and local budgets can interplay to generate a financial base for local authorities. The author evaluates the structures of local budgets and the indices calculated for local budgets dissimilarity before and after transfers from regional budgets; offers a technique of how to identify which area mostly influence on the dissimilarity indices calculated after transfers from superior budgets; analyzes how grant transfers and local revenues correlate; and estimates a marginal effect of increased taxes received by local budgets.
The paper substantiates the priorities and mechanisms of regional social policy; presents the forecasting socio-economic stratification of Siberian population according different variants of the development in Siberia; evaluates the negative impacts of the financial crisis; and recommends the necessary measures to prevent social collapse.
The paper considers the initial demographic situation of Siberia in the latest decade as well as the negative trends of prolonged character. Assuming an innovation scenario of the economic development in Siberia, the author describes a future demographic situation applying estimations of size and sex-age structure of the population in future. The author also offers the mechanism of demographic policy considered as a set of managerial, informational and legal measures, and describes the stages of the policy.
The paper presents a forecast of the natural gas production and processing in the Eastern Siberia and Far East; calculates the development parameters in the oil processing and petrochemical sectors according to the plans and forecasts for oil industry; identifies the gas deliveries routes; assesses the fiscal and commercial effectiveness of investments; and formulates and validates the conditions due to which Russia would entry into new outer markets.
The author applies a technique of cross-regression analysis to the energy balances of Russian regions to assess the long-term energy demand elasticity, and concludes that most of producing sectors of the economy have a high long-term elasticity of energy demand and electric capacity. The energy demand elasticity is also assessed in relation to the level of business activity in such sectors. The high values of this indicator show the increasing electrification of industries and application of more energy.
The paper show what features of global warming can be observed in the Russian Arctic, and summarize the socio-economic consequences and risks of climate changes expecting in the Arctic region in the early XXI century.
The paper describes basic features of the economic crisis and what impacts the crisis has upon municipalities. To overcome the crisis, the transition to the new domestic economy based on principles of thrift, rational consumption, new economic thinking, introduction of innovations and higher efficiency of labor is considered inevitable. The authors show what local governments should undertake now to ensure economic growth in the post-crisis time.
The paper considers the contemporary processes of human migration from the Kyrgyz Republic to Russia and the socio-economic consequences for these countries. As for the Kyrgyz Republic, the paper shows the negative and positive social and political consequences of the Russian-speaking people out-migration. The conclusion is that the labor migration, especially that of a titular ethnic group, is considered advantageous for both the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian regions accepting immigrants for lack of labor resources.
The paper considers what powers the regional legislative and executive authorities have to attract and to implement investment projects, and how the investment activity in regions may be regulated. We analyze the changes made in the federal and regional law concerning the improvements in attracting investments into regions; the investment dynamics in the regions of the Eastern Siberia Oil-and-gas Complex over 2000-2007, and the ways of how regions could participate in the implementation of such projects.
We analyze the innovation potential in Russian regions applying the comparative integral assessments calculated by a method of principal components. We show that only eleven Russian regions, where main Russian potential is concentrated, can fruitfully build and promote elements of "a new economy" based on the technologies of the sixth, fifth and advanced fourth generation. Thus, we state that a new public technological strategy aimed at the creation of an advanced national technological base is advisable, and such strategy should be declared as a national project of high priority.
The paper considers the methods and mechanisms for rehabilitation of the industrial regions, which had suffered structural transformations, and for building the institutional capacities and socio-economic conditions required to overcome consequences of such structural transformation.
We analyze the principle forms of how public authorities and business can coordinate their activity in shaping and implementing the complex socio-economic projects for municipal units. We formulated a number of basic approaches to such cooperation based on the principles of equal partnership and the balance of interests in decision-making that would promote higher quality of municipal projects and their economic and social efficiency.
The paper presents a case-study for the Novosibirsk Oblast devoted to the principles and approaches to the spatial policy carried out in the units of the Russian Federation, and the institutional capacities aimed at better using of competitive advantages of municipal units within the framework of such spatial polices. The spatial policy serves as an instrument to coordinate the interests of different municipal units such as towns, cities or districts. We also discuss the problems of coordinating the interests of Novosibirsk City and its suburban municipal units concerning the land usage and the spatial development.
Applying a semistructured alternative assessment technique, the paper studies the issue of how to define the consequence of the construction of bridge crossings in a megapolis according to their priorities of construction. The author analyzes the scenarios of growing traffic flows between the part of the city connected by bridges; potential concepts of a general megapolis plan, and how such plans can incorporate the planning bridge crossings.
The author presents a technique to assess the cost of medical services paid by municipalities of Sakha Republic (Yakutiya). The technique differs from others in the approaches to the calculation of the medical service costs paid by municipalities. The author defines the indicators of such costs by taking into account prices, people's age composition, regional coefficients and others. Such indicators could be useful for the municipal fiscal planning purposes as well as for the medium-term planning of a regional mandatory medical insurance fund. Should the technique be applied, it will be possible to introduce a method of one-source financing as well as to ensure output-oriented budgeting.
The author analyses the hydroeconomic situation in the Russian regions, which is characterized by aggravating economic and ecologic problems in most parts of the country, and shows the high-priority measures required to improve water delivery. The author also discusses the problems of the interregional (trans-border) water use which affect, to varying degrees, the population and the economy of most regions, and also finds the reasons for why the problem of distribution and use of water flows of the trans-border rivers happened to be so tense.
The paper analyses the implementation of the diversification strategies applied by the enterprises of the cereal-processing industry in the Altai region, and shows how important the trade policy carried out by such enterprises is for increasing their stability and competitiveness in food markets. Having analyzed the operation of the cereal-processing industry in the Altai region, the author shows how the concentric diversification was realized by good trade policy and promotion of new products in markets.
The paper analyses the Oil Governmental Program for the Caspian Sea Shelf being realized by the Kazakhstan Republic. The author shows what ecological and economic difficulties the oil producers face, and the ways of how to avoid them.
I. V. Getmanskii, R. M. Minyaev
Keywords: pentacoordinated nitrogen atom, thermodynamic stability, potential energy surface, reaction path, saddle point
Pages: 1013-1019
Quantum chemical calculations of compounds with a pentacoordinated nitrogen atom such as NF2H3 (in the CCSD(Full)/6-311++G(d,p) approximation), NF2Cl3 and NF2Br3 (in the B3LYP/6-311+G(d) approximation) are carried out. It is found that NF2Cl3 and NF2Br3 molecules are structurally stable, but thermodynamically unstable, and are isomerized to NFCl2…FCl and NFBr2…FBr molecular complexes respectively. The total energy of NFCl2…FCl and NFBr2…FBr complexes is lower than the total energy of NF2Cl3 and NF2Br3 molecules by 62 kcal/mol and 64 kcal/mol respectively. The trigonal bipyramidal form of the NF2H3 molecule of D3h symmetry is structurally unstable: a first-order saddle point corresponds to it on the potential energy surface of the system. A second-order saddle point is found on the reaction path of NF2H3 isomerization.
Energetic, geometric and magnetic criteria were applied to examine the stability and/or aromatic character for the cyclic molecules C4H4M (M = O, S, Se, Te, NH, PH, AsH and SbH) at B3LYP/6-311++G** and MP2/6-311++G** levels of theory. The isodesmic reactions and nuclear independent chemical shifts (NICS) calculations were utilized to examine the molecules for energetic and magnetic criteria, respectively. The isodesmic reaction energies reveal that thiophene (C4H4S, -23.269 kcal/mol) and pyrrole (C4H4NH, -20.804 kcal/mol) have the greatest aromatic stabilization energies and tellurophene (C4H4Te, -15.114 kcal/mol) and stibole (C4H4SbH, -1.169 kcal/mol) have the lowest aromatic stabilization energies in their corresponding groups at MP2/6-311++G**. The NICS calculations confirmed the results obtained trough isodesmic reaction energies.
Methods to calculate the enthalpy of vaporization of alkanes under normal conditions are considered using the classic Randič method and its modifications. The calculation based on modified methods is shown to be capable of predicting the vaporization enthalpy of alkanes with an error comparable with that of experimental measurements.
A. N. Enyashin, A. L. Ivanovskii
Keywords: crystals from carbon and BN nanotubes, structural, elastic, and electronic properties, simulation
Pages: 1033-1039
Models of new cubic crystals from carbon and boron-nitrogen (BN) nanotubes are proposed. Within electronic density functional theory, their structural, elastic, and electronic properties are studied. These isotropic nanotubular crystals are found to have extremely high elastic modules B (~490-650 GPa) and low compressibility β (~0.0020-0.0015 1/GPa) and maintain the conductivity typical of their "building blocks," i.e. isolated carbon and BN nanotubes.
