Home – Home – Jornals – "Philosophy of Education" 2008 number 4

Cultural anthropology is a fundamental science which studies the common problems of cultural development of the mankind. The main aim of cultural anthropology is a comprehensive study of formation and development of culture. The article deals with the terminology of cultural anthropology: culture, language, world picture (cultural and linguistic), ideology, outlook, language norm, and mentality. The diversity of definitions of the above terms is a consequence of complexity of the phenomena.

The aim of the article is to study the correlation between the scientific, philosophical, and the religious consciousness in the modern educational space of Russia. A special attention is paid to the increasing tolerance in the relation of scientific and educational community with religious confessions of Russia which, in its turn, influences the perception of integrity of human spirituality and creates additional conditions for the moral molding of a personality. The author suggests the idea of complementary nature of scientific and religious viewpoints in the frameworks of common spiritual development of a person.  The necessity to develop a new viewpoint that will include the transformed traditional scientific and religious knowledge is stressed out.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the special features of the organ music culture in Russia starting from the period of establishment of cultural ties with Byzantium. As the Orthodox Church doesn't use the organ music performance in church, the Russian culture of organ music has been developing in the secular direction. In the problem field, marked by the periods from the appearance of the organ pedagogy, music making, concert performance, and to present day, there are analyzed the problems of mastering the organ instrument, development of the teaching methods, and formation of the curricula. The author has analysed the peculiarities of the organ culture development, revealed the regularities of its development within a wide historic framework.

The object of the article is to show the socio-cultural role of traditions of playing the balalaika and the domra in the present Russian education.
The article substantiates the necessity of preserving the traditions of the balalaika and the domra playing. The performance on these musical instruments is considered during the whole history of their existence in Russia but the main accent is made on the present time, because the author observes a decline of interest toward these instruments by young people. The author believes that playing these instruments is an essential part of Russian culture like the Russian folklore or the Russian fine arts. Disappearance of the traditions of playing the Russian folk instruments would have a bad influence on the entire Russian culture and especially on the young generation. The author substantiates the necessity of keeping the Russian cultural traditions in musical education.

The purpose of this article is to show the role of the formation of the skills of philosophical attitude to sound for the future professional musicians. In the article, there is explained a pedagogical approach to pupils which allows developing the musical-image thinking, understanding the philosophy of the performed sound, and bringing it to the listener. It is claimed that the philosophical attitude to the performed sounds is a foundation without which it is impossible to become a real musician. There is shown the author's approach to the technology of education of the performance mastery. It is showed that the result of teaching becomes apparent in the innovative methods of modern music education.

The purpose of the article is a social-philosophical analysis of the significance of the sources of Altai culture in modern society. The author considers the problem of application of the artifacts of Altai culture in formation of the educational program and its content in view of regional and national features of the educational space of modern educational institutions. The author develops an important theme of studying the history and significance of the objects of material culture of Altai in the context of modern philosophical comprehension of the content, form, and symbolism of the Altai petroglyphs carrying a certain volume of information about the past. The greatest attention in the article is given to the problem of interpretation of symbolism and treatment of deep foundations of art creativity. This research enriches opportunities of the programs of the regional educational component in the educational institutions of Siberia.

The purpose of the article is to describe the cultural-historical bases of continuous education as the conditions of formation of the person who is adequate to social requests and expectations. There are analyzed the best known and influential historic-philosophical sources, thanks to which it is possible to claim that the idea of continuous education was born in antiquity and even earlier. A step-by-step structure of education directed to perfection of person's culture is described. The interaction of culture and education is most brightly manifested in the education of the Byzantine citizen. Special attention is paid to the subjective basis of continuous education as self-determination. Presently, in the conditions of cultural-philosophical pluralism, turning to the origins of continuous education is connected with comprehension of the subject potential of the person in educational space as ontological and pedagogical reality.

The author considers the culturological problems of the modern Russian society. The concepts of globalization are analyzed while emphasizing that there is taking place a change of the world outlook of the modern generation. In the author's opinion, it is alarming that the national cultures are becoming secondary in the conditions of global humanism. It is emphasized that it is dangerous to accept the developing transformational processes as optimal; it is necessary to concentrate the research energy on the special features of the renewal of Russia.

The ontology of the technology park ideology is analyzed in the framework of a synergetic conceptual skeleton with a reference to the development of innovative activity. There is proposed a model of innovative activity in which the technology park ideology can be realized. The analysis is conducted in the context of the society-of-knowledge model and the knowledge-based economy. There is described a realization of the suggested approach on the example of innovative activity in Novosibirsk region.

The development of information society in the conditions of globalization is connected with democratization of the society and its educational system. Democratization of education is a wide concept, which implies involving all the strata of population in the educational process, and also development of the rights and freedoms of the participants of educational process. We are free in that degree in which we are able to consciously participate in the life of society and to think independently, instead of simply passively responding to the influence of social factors. Democracy is understood by us as a mechanism, which ensures development of the person and protection of the society from the authoritarian power.

Philosophy forms a system of generalizing statements about the subject matter and methods of management, the place of management among other sciences and in the overall system of scientific knowledge, its cognitive and social role in the modern world. Management theory today includes the systemic approach, recognition of indeterminacy as an inherent attribute of managerial decisions, orientation towards studying the processes of communication, self-organization, and adaptation to external environment. Management systems always include the person whose behavior is determined by values, needs, world outlook, will, and other personal characteristics. Management as a social phenomenon should be studied within the context of national culture, traditions, and mentality.

The paper deals with the essence and meaning of values, their relations with metaphors, and also with the significance of axiological problems in teaching the socio-humanitarian disciplines in the institutions of higher education. The author considers the content of the "value" concept, discovers a relative nature of values, and uncovers subjective and objective meanings in them. It is emphasized that the type of culture and society depends on the features of the system of values and norms. The article affirms that only the person puts a specific meaning into values. The person participates in the construction and transformation of the social and cultural realities. In the research there is considered an extra-linguistic meaning of the metaphors which participate in establishing certain standards and patterns of behavior. The author specifies that studying axiological problems is extremely important for the processes of education and socialization of the students.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the education reform and to propose some changes to it. The main problem is the strategy of the education development.
In the article the system approach to the problems of education is realized. The purpose of the education system is defined as saving the civilization. From this purpose the new strategy of education development is derived: transition from education for economy to education for saving the civilization. Only on the basis of such education system the human being, while developing from the existential to spiritual level, can provide saving the civilization and can also provide a high innovative potential. The author proposes changing the principles of financing of education, its humanitarization, and integrity of education.

The purpose of the article is to disclose the essence of the crisis tendencies of the evolutionary transformation of public consciousness and education system of modern Russia. The main theme of the article is the influence of the public consciousness crisis on the destructive processes in the education system of modern Russia. The author reveals an interconnection between the destructive dynamics of public consciousness, deformation of the value system, the decrease of the level of culture, and the crisis tendencies in the development of modern Russian education.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the problem of overcoming terrorism. The main reasons of arising of terrorism and the strategies of its overcoming are considered. The author makes an accent on the need of realization of a state educational and socio-cultural policy aiming at prevention and eradication of terrorism on the basis of spiritual-creative potential of the members of the society. The most important component of an antiterrorism strategy is, in the author's opinion, the pedagogical, educational activity in order to change the public consciousness, influence the major values and attitudes, and master the behavioral strategies that reduce the social tension.

In the article it is expanded the interaction between mental and moral values of education and the successfulness of the construction of the civil society and it is also showed the new understanding of the national security of the country in the course of the problems of modern education.

The aim of the research is to study the designing work of an educator-designer. The structure of this activity corresponds to two specialties: those of a creator and a technologist. The object, results, and peculiarities of creator's activity are analyzed in the article in detail. The uncertainty-developing mechanism, which considerably influences the target-setting issue in the system of higher education, is also discussed at large.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the major reproduction mechanism of the science's personnel potential - the institute of postgraduate studying. For the first time, the object of research is post-graduate students of the Siberian regional institutions of higher education. The professional self-estimations of the post-graduate students (frequency of usage of various information sources; the degree of mastering of foreign languages, modern computer and information technologies) are presented. There are also described the motives of their choosing the scientific career, the dependence of the choice on the surrounding society (the prestige of science), and the criteria of success.

The paper's aim is to analyze the current system of education in its relation to one's professional career and to suggest possible improvements to the existing system as a means of enhancing professional and personal growth. The author highlights a gap between the content and forms of education, both general and professional, and the development of one's career. The author's understanding of professional career in its broad socio-cultural context allows outlining an optimal model of education in its relation to one's career.

The author believes that the formation of the socio-professional competence of prospective state managers should be considered from the viewpoint of an integrative culturulogical approach. The formation of the socio-professional competence aims at achieving the main professional value, the culture of professional activity.

The author analyzes the system of technical training as the foundation of the cadets professional development, considers some issues concerning the technical training  of the cadets of the Russian military institutions of higher education in the period of army reform and new principles of the military specialists recruitment for the Armed Forces (recruitment on the contract basis). The author analyzes the criteria of readiness to further professional activity of the graduates of the higher command military schools (military institutes),  future commanding officers, organizers, and managers.

The article deals with the problem of goal-setting in the system of higher professional education in present social and economic conditions. The accent is made on the market demand for training competent specialists able to efficiently operate in the competitive environment of the global economics. The analysis of needs is considered to be one of the crucial parts in the syllabi design and curricula planning with regards to the learner-centered approach. A special emphasis is made on the hierarchical character of educational goals as one of the key features in effective management of the teaching/learning process. A number of reasons of failures in goal-achieving are mentioned.

The article deals with the contents of professional competence of the CID men and modeling of its formation in the process of adaptation to service. The conditions, directions, and methods of the process are revealed. To confirm the effectiveness of the model of the CID men professional competence in the process of adaptation to service, the author carried out significant experimental work. Based on the experimental results, a teaching technique to form professional competence of the CID men in the process of adaptation to service was worked out and the methodical recommendations "Organization of professional adaptation of the CID men" were created.

The purpose of the article is to elucidate the fundamental traits, which characterize philosopher as an educated person in the antique and modern philosophy. In connection with this, the author defines the problem field of the work, which is related to understanding of the mission and vocation of the philosopher. The author comes to a conclusion about a principal difference between the antique and modern interpretations of the philosopher. The author concludes that educated philosopher in antiquity is a man, who has changed his life, and educated philosopher in modern times is a man, who has become a specialist and mastered the specificity of the philosophical discourse. The article is devoted to studying the figure of philosopher in two aspects. The first aspect is connected to the antique conception related to philosopher's mission. The second aspect concerns the conception of philosopher in modern philosophy.

Power and violence are necessary there where the valid authority is absent. The authority is possible only under the condition of responsibility of the person. The educational responsibility is twofold and multidirectional: on one hand, it is the responsibility for children, for a new life, for that that nothing bad happens to them and they succeed; on the other hand, it is also the responsibility for the world into which we introduce children.

The starting point of the author's reasoning is the philosophical "deconstruction" of Jacque Derrida, especially his works of the last period. The author emphasizes that Derrida's "deconstruction" does not mean total destruction and nihilism, but, on the contrary, opens and clears the ways to the original genuine concepts such as "justice", "gift", "forgiveness", and "hospitality".  In the second half of the paper the author considers a tragic incident in Tokyo, when a young man attacked random passer-byes. The underlying reason for such action was the feeling of alienation from society. The author analyzes how this is connected with the contemporary Japanese education system with its rigid pursuit of success. The author analyzes the Japanese education system as a whole and notices that the system has lost a certain foundation unconditional value of each pupil regardless of his/her academic achievements.

In the short note written in metaphorical spirit the author addresses to a problem of a survival of a human civilization. In opinion of the author, the person similarly to an ostrich, instead of the decision of problems tries to leave from them, but it is impossible in conditions of the globalization bringing significant corrective amendments all of the party of human activity.

The author studies several traditional interpretations of the "educated person" concept, which exist in the USA and Japan. In the USA, which is a successor of the Greek-Roman traditions, two understandings of the "educated person" concept are being used. One is connected with the idea of "cultural literacy"; the other, with the critically-creative thinking. On the other hand, in Japan the understanding of this concept was formed under the influence of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. Because of that, the Japanese people created their own ideas of cultural development and culture. These ideas are in the foundation of such traditional Japanese arts as dance, tea ceremony, origami, and others.
Originally, only the priests and samurai could practice these arts; however, during the Tokugawa period, which started in the XVII century, these arts began to spread also among the ordinary people trying to imitate the noblemen. This happened due to establishment of private schools. In the end of the feudal period these arts had become the common property of all strata of the Japanese society. The author notes that such kind of cultural education did not foster the social and economic development of the country. The analysis of these concepts is a sort of prelude to a wider investigation. The author suggests overcoming the contradictions caused by different concepts of educated person among the Japanese and Americans (these differences can be explained by the difference in mentality). He introduces a term of a "system" concept of educated person. The fact that the education system in both countries is oriented to distribution (social ranging) implies "distribution" of the life trajectory for each concrete individual. The pursuit of grades, test results and diplomas undermine the traditional understanding of the person being educated, which causes significant damage to both American and Japanese societies.

Alongside with various kinds of literacy - such as, for example, informational, technological, computer, cultural, ecological literacy, bio-literacy (their basis is not any new ontology of nature and culture) " we suggest introducing an alternative concept: the evolution-ontological literacy. It is a new paradigmatic concept of literacy, which starts from the evolutionary ontology, whose studies are being presently performed by the authors.

The necessity of new approaches to teaching the nature management is shown in the article. The present economic approaches, based on the understanding of nature as just a resource of human activity, have led to global ecological problems which put humanity to the edge of survival. Thus, there is a need for a new ecological approach based on understanding nature as an equal in rights partner. A course in nature management should include the topics devoted to studying the self-renewing potential of nature and the possibilities of its strengthening by man, because this allows developing the foundations of a co-evolutionary cooperation between man and biosphere. Possible ways of such strengthening are presented in the article.

In the article, there are examined the reasons and special features of insensitivity of the Russian economy to the innovative way of development, the need for the active introduction of the achievements of scientific and technical progress. There are specified the basic conditions, under which the scientific and technical progress becomes the leading factor of dynamic economic development. A special contribution of the author consists of distinguishing the key role of science and education as the basic elements of the system of innovative process. The need for regulation of the innovative process in various branches of economy, on the level of the country and the regions is emphasized.

In the article the author presents the results of an analysis of the problems of modern education modernization, discusses the necessity of innovative transformations in the system of specialists training in the institutions of higher education, and studies one of the directions of improvement of the innovative preparation for creative professional activity of the prospective specialists.

In the paper there are considered the specificities of the relation between the concepts of violence - nonviolence in the family. The author considers the question of family violence from the sociological, psychology, juridical, pedagogic viewpoints. The accent is made on the understanding of the sources and forms of violence, and the possibilities of violence reduction. The author offers various definitions of the family violence concept. This problem is on the first stage of investigation, although there is already some unique experience of separate research and the practice of creation of crisis centers (shelters). In the article, the psychological and pedagogical aspects of family violence are analyzed. The author considers the ways of rehabilitation for children who were subject to violence.

The article is devoted to the origins of the theory of education, based on the philosophical-anthropological project of L. S. Vygotsky, his theory of search in particular. In the article, there is introduced a key notion of educational task as the leading notion of anthropology and pedagogy of self-determination. An educational task initiates an open activity of a subject. The authors propose an idea of practical thinking as a thinking which provides realization of this or that cultural-historical practice.
The authors of the article pay attention to the fact that the theory of act as a theory of self-determination is an important direction in the Russian philosophical tradition. The idea of self-determination is described in the article as the leading concept of the modern pedagogical culture. The article contains the notion of human potential as the object of self-determination pedagogy. Thanks to this, there are described the ideas of modern educational practices such as the practices of institutiolization, actualization, and self-determination.

We examine the problem of understanding of the Book of Revelation. As a basis of solving the problem, we take a cyclic composition formula worked out by the author in accordance with a new educational method

The purpose of the article is to analyze the prospects of polycultural education in Russia and to develop a system of early prevention and blocking of negative consequences of inter-ethnic conflicts, which could obstruct the progress of this educational direction. This work investigates the factors which could further the inter-ethnic tension. The main contribution of the author is revealing the issues of the inter-ethnic conflict.

The purpose of the article is to interpret library services as a cultural and educational value. Its prevailing theme is to make a comparison between the media culture and the culture of book reading, the visual information user and the reader, the sociocultural roles of domestic television and literature in public education, the Internet and the library. The article analyses the sociocultural functions of library services in the university as compared with the functions of contemporary television.

Modern philosophy of education shows great interest in the problem of person's creative abilities and creative activity during the process of education. The changes that take place require the institutions of higher education to form active students with creative thinking, who are able to solve various problems and evaluate new information. The urgency of this article is in the considered philosophical problems, which determine the vector of the further development of the Russian educational system.

The article is about the features of the modern phase of globalization as a formation of the social structure according to the western example. The absence of a clear definition of globalization leads to different perception of this social phenomenon. Most of the research of this problem is dedicated to the economic side of globalization. However, spreading of the western lifestyle envelops all the spheres of social life and it has different forms of its development. The stages of the globalization development are usually studied by the civilization approach. This makes the possibilities of researching this social phenomenon too narrow.  That is why this article offers to conduct the research of globalization also by the formation approach, which is a new method in the methodology of the globalization research.

The phenomenon of globalization is an objective phenomenon which has naturally arisen during the evolution of mankind. With the development of globalization, economic, informational and cultural association of various regions of the globe is gaining strength. The intensive exchange of material and cultural wealth, created in the local communities of people, is widening. Education is in the epicenter of globalization, because the foundations of the development strategy for all mankind and each country are formed in the sphere of education.