Home – Home – Jornals – "Philosophy of Education" 2008 number 1

Publications concerned with investigation and synthesis of switched systems are reviewed. Frequently used mathematical models of the systems are presented. Attention is focused on the problem of system stability for arbitrary and limited switching signals. Relationship between switched and fuzzy systems is illustrated. Some approaches to synthesizing switched controllers and state observers are considered.

A method for identifying some parameters of a dynamic undersea vehicle - environment system, such as a moment of inertia of rotating drive components with regard to the adjoint moments of inertia and a viscous friction factor of a propeller, is proposed. Simulation validated the high rate of convergence of the desired parameters to the true values.

A version of designing a gearless electric-power steering control system is described. An algorithm for calculating a modified PD controller based on localization is proposed for a simplified mathematical model of control object in the form of a classical two-mass steering-wheel - torsion - steering gear system. Modeling shows that such a PD controller ensures the desired system speed and damping vibrations caused by the control object.

Minimization of a partially monotone function system describing the finite-state machine (FSM) behavior is considered. A notion of a prime system implicant with maximal characteristics is introduced. It is proved that the shortest irredundant sum of the implicants is a union of the shortest irredundant sums of implicants with the same characteristics. In all implicants, the literals corresponding to the state variables have no inversions. The shortest irredundant sum of the implicants is used for FSM self-checking design.

A numerical model of processes in glow discharge plasmas is presented. The model is intended for simulating the work of plasma deposition reactors. One type of ion is considered. The ion and electron plasma components are modeled by kinetic equations with collisions. An effective parallel algorithm for modeling the processes in monosilane plasmas is designed; its main characteristics are given. Results of numerical modeling using the model are adequate to data obtained in physical experiments.

Methods of analysis and optimization of distributed multidimensional queues with priorities and dynamic control of the quality of services for sublevels of controlling multiple accesses to the medium access control in 3G/4G multiservice mobile and wireless networks are developed. A theoretical-game formulation of the problem of distributed dynamic control of the quality of services is proposed. The results obtained are based on the development of a numerical-analytical method for balancing load intensities.

Estimation of the regression model parameters is considered. A new approach to estimating the parameters for random error distributions that differ from the normal one and may be represented as the A-type Gramm-Charlier series is proposed. The developed approach is compared with the traditional least squares method and the sign method by means of computing experiments.

A new contrast image reconstruction algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is a combination of an iterative quadratic functional minimization algorithm and a local smoothing algorithm. A point-spread function of the iterative algorithm is introduced and a method for its calculation is proposed. The stopping time of the iterative algorithm is found from the required iterative algorithm resolution that is found using the point-spread function. The local filter makes it possible to reduce substantially the random error of image reconstruction without increasing the systematic error.

IR image defects (faults, overshoots, and a strong additive periodic noise) are analyzed for an autonomous observation system with an unstable radio channel communication.

Data on computer modeling a meniscus image of a crystal grown by the Czochralski method from a high-temperature melt are presented. A fine structure of the crystallization zone image formed by an optical projection system is investigated as well as the image components conditioned by intrinsic emission of the heater, melt, and crystal, and by emission reflections from melt and crystal surfaces. Causes of meniscus image parallax are analyzed; its influence on metrological characteristics of the optical crystal geometry control system is assessed.

Methods of laser interferometry based on the optical feedback and frequency-modulated laser diode effects are described. An interference signal is analyzed for problems concerned with range finding, displacement estimation, and measurement of velocities and vibration parameters. Relationships between the object movement characteristics and the interference signal parameters are found. Advantages of the new trend in interferometry are an extremely high sensitivity to scattered light, the possibility of estimating the displacement direction and obtaining information from small object surface areas, simple design, and low cost of the interferometers.

Results of investigating dynamics of a precision frequency divider by 3 based on a selfphase-locked doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator and triply resonant oscillator are described. It is shown that in the two cases, manifestations of self-phase locking are a dip of intensity and resonator eigenmode broadening.

A laser Doppler tomography method is proposed for investigating scattering noises, shrinkage, modulation amplitudes of refractive index and absorption coefficient, and other characteristics of volume or thick recording media. The method is based on acoustooptical scanning of a test volume grating recorded earlier in the medium and on layer-by-layer collinear heterodyne detection of the scattered field. The optoelectronic scheme of the system intended for experimental validation of the method is considered. Formulas for estimating the spatial resolution of the method, the optimal test grating period, the maximal number of detected layers are obtained. Their dependence on the optical system grating parameters is shown. An example is reconstructed values of the amplitude and phase of scattered light in deep layers of a volume grating written in a photopolymer 130 m thick.

Distortions of reconstructed data page images in a holographic memory under the Bragg deviation effect are experimentally investigated and modeled. It is found that not only the diffraction efficiency of the reconstructed image is reduced, but also the intensity distribution of information elements over the image field is nonuniform. For inhomogeneous volume holograms, distortions of the reconstructed data page image are more complex. As a result of blurring contour of the angular selectivity characteristic, the level of mutual interferences of neighboring holograms grows, but the intensity nonuniformity of information elements over the data page image field decreases.

A modified integer interferometry method is proposed for eliminating the interference fringe profile distortions caused by errors in interferogram recording and processing.

The profile is calculated for photogenerated nonequilibrium electron concentration in thickness of a three-layer film -MCT structure in crossed electric and magnetic fields, in which the band gap of the central region is constant, but increases in adjacent variband regions. It is shown that a three-layer structure with variband regions can be replaced by a homogeneous film via introducing effective surface generation and surface recombination velocities at boundaries of central and variband regions.

A gradient autonomous object movement control algorithm is proposed. The algorithm ensures search and tracing of a scalar field isoline for a vehicle with one sensor. A substantial limitation is the possibility of obtaining only local gradient estimates at discrete times. The algorithm is based on input of an additional test signal to the control system. This enables the vehicle with one sensor to calculate the total gradient value.

Principles of conversion of single time intervals into a digital code with the use of interpolation of the reference period for reducing the sampling error are reviewed. Interpolating converters are based on integrated digital delay lines and phase interpolation elements, which allow the resolution lower than the propagation delay of a single logical gate to be reached.

Modern society confronts with technocratization and inability to comprehend the current events. Modern person refuses the opportunity to make an independent life choice. A new attitude toward education will make possible overcoming these and other negative factors. The author theoretically reflects on a new mission and new purpose of education.
Key words: education, philosophy, development, person, methodology.

The increase of the knowledge of science predetermines the heightened interest to determining its essence, manifold forms of its influence in practice, and, finally, its integration with various spheres of life such as education, management, material production, and power.
Key words: education, science, the modern society, scientific knowledge, formation of a society.

In the article, the basic ideas are stated which define a cognitive point of social modeling as a general theoretic method. The cognitive essence of modeling displays a certain picture of the world. There are some mutually complementary approaches to modeling research at this stage of the scientific knowledge development. Modeling in its essence is an element of cognition and description of the world.
Key words: modern society, scientific knowledge, modelling, methodology, philosophy.

The paper presents a preliminary consideration of the problem of the critical thinking formalization. The core assumption concerns the very definition of critical thinking. At first, the concept is essentially a normative one, and then there is a strong connection between the critical thinking and the creative thinking. These concepts are not really two different kinds of thinking that can be engaged in separately, they can be perfectly used to refer both to the generative and evaluative aspects of thinking for the purposes of analysis and discussion. Abductive inference is the only inference which contains the normative dimension and generative dimension at the same time. The definitory and strategic rules of it demonstrates the best grounds for the modeling of critical thinking.

Object and the object-matter of science are the terms often used in the texts of the scientific research orientation; we shall consider them in a non-traditional way. Treating the term "science" in its activity aspect (that is, understanding science as exclusively research and cognitive activity), we shall look at this activity through the prism of its structure.

Methodological and practical aspects of the necessity of development of critical technologies for economy and their interrelation with science and education are considered. Analysis of the formation of the concepts of critical technologies in Russian economical practice is carried out. The role and structural  innovative problems of the energy sector as a critical technology for the transition to a steady economic development are considered.

The modern changes in the Russian society have made urgent the problem of person's activation in terms of comprehending and harmonizing the transfor-mations of social reality. An important role in the historical context is acquired by the development and enrichment of the aesthetic culture of the person, its consciousness.

In the article, the importance of the axiological function for the development of education, its place and role among other functions of philosophy are investigated. The basic characteristics of the axiological function are revealed.

The article is devoted to the role of historical science in the process of formation of historical consciousness as one of the primary factors of humanitarization of modern education.

In the world scientific-cultural heritage, it is possible to find many evidences confirming the fact that already during the antiquity the closest attention was paid to the problems of safety - both of the separate person and the state as a whole. Already in those days, the problem of safety was perceived as one of the major problems in any social structure.

In the article, the innovative means of distant education are described.
The structure and technologies of training in virtual communities are considered. The processes of simulation in the educational sphere are described.

The paper attempts to analyze the genetic process of forming of the legal system. There is considered a problem situation in the Russian legal science concerning studying the conceptual grounds and theoretical-methodological aspects of forming of the legal system. The author suggests a new methodological approach allowing expressing the internal logic of self-determination of the legal system and its system features.

The development of post-industrial (informational) society determines the necessity of changing the conception of development of the education system. The author envisages a notion of a distributed institution of higher education, analyzes its main attributes, envisages organizational-legal foundations of its activity that are correlated with the practical opportunities and forms of activity of the distributed institution of higher education.

One of the features of the life activity of all generations of modern Russian society is that each of them has to participate in formation of a new social experience in empirical way, while having a vague idea about the specificities of market economy and values of a genuine democracy. It is necessary to search for the most effective ways of cooperation for the sake of overcoming the threats from destructive and asocial forces both inside of the society and outside of it.

In Russia, the process of becoming a legal state took place during the period which was called transitional. Such period involves transformations in all the spheres of the society and, first of all, in the juridical sphere. These changes cannot be universal because of national, historic, and religions traditions of each country. We must keep in mind the specificities of transformations of the traditions. The development of legislative system is influenced greatly by the development of legal consciousness of the modern Russian society.
The legal consciousness means an aggregate of ideas, senses, and points of views concerning the law. The main purpose of legal consciousness is to introduce the just attitudes of people in order to save the unity of the society. Legal consciousness is the most important part of the development of cooperation between countries.

The management process in the area of higher education is an important strategic instrument of government in the realization of national goals. The problem of forming of a new model of the educational sphere in modern society, which should undergo changes and be guided by the future, is analyzed. It is necessary to work out a new model of the educational sphere management in the conditions of the modern informational society. The scheme of the construction of the higher educational management process mode will allow raising teacher's and manager's potential and managing with a high quality, on the scientific basis.

For the system of Russian education, there are defined strategic priorities, realization of which assumes stage-by-stage system innovative changes. In the conditions of innovative education management at the level of educational establishment (EE), there has become urgent the problem of low motivation of the pedagogical collective to mastering the innovations and active participation in the innovative processes. One of the instruments of solving this problem is motivational technologies of management of the pedagogical collective in the educational establishment.

At the present stage, the problems of integration of science and education are acquiring essential importance in the conditions of innovative development of the Russian state and society, formation of a unified educational space. In this sense, the studying of historical experience of integration of the state-legal science and education is becoming especially important.

Using the modified procedure of the synthesis of non-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite species at the physiological pH and solution temperature, we obtained the solid phases with the Ca/P atomic ratios within the range from 1.58±0.01 to 1.67±0.01. According to the data of X-ray phase an alysis, these samples are composed of hydroxyapatite. The effect of inorganic additives (phosphate, oxalate, carbon ate anions, magnesium cations) and organic ones (amino acids) on the crystallization of hydroxyapatite was studied.

The electrokinetic properties of the sol of synthesized hydroxyapatites of different stoichiometric composition were studied. It was established that the charge and the value of î potential of hydroxyapatite particles depend on the Ca/P atomic ratio. It was discovered that the character of amino acid interaction with non-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite differs from that with the stoichiometric one. It was shown that adsorption observed on the samples of synthesized hydroxyapatite is described within Langmuir and Freundlich models.

Radiation impact on plants Pentaphylloides fruticosa (L.) O. Schwarz has been studied. It has been established, that the radiation factor pressure initiates adaptation processes affecting the growth and development of plants, as well as physiological and biochemical reorganization of the metabolic processes determining population existence in a habitat. It is experimentally demonstrated that the biosynthesis of the total content of flavonoids in Pentaphylloides fruticosa leaves is intensified under radiation impact. It is revealed that the content of flavonols (both total and in groups) in P. fruticosa leaves demonstrates a 2.3-fold increase as compared to the reference, and at the same time the difference against the reference increases with the increase in the contamin ation level. Individual flavonoid components have been shown to form different types of response to radiation influence in an organism. The content of hyperosyde, quercitrin and kaempferol decreases with the increase in radiation contamin ation, the content of other flavonoid components, on the contrary, increases. The qualitative flavonoid content in leaves of both irradiated and reference plants remains constant. Phenomen a of leaf surface reduction, a lengthwise decrease in the annual spear and leafstalk gain, an increase in the number of leaves on a spear. It has been found that with the increase in irradiation the differences against the reference increased according to the majority of criteria. Different organs of Pentaphylloides fruticosa exhibit different accumulative ability with respect to radionuclides: the content of 90Sr in leaves is higher compared to that in stems irrespective of the level of contamin ation, whereas for 137Cs such a correlation is not observed.

Elemental composition of 30 samples of oral liquid from four groups of patients living in the Omsk Region was investigated by means of atomic emission spectral an alysis with inductively coupled plasma.

Comparative an alysis of the composition of saliva for patients with different diseases of oral cavity showed that the elemental composition is specific in each case. It was established that the diagnostics of the corresponding diseases may be carried out on the basis of the data on the ratios Ca/P and Na/K. It was discovered with the help of mathematical statistics that the distribution of microelements Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Al also has group-related features.

New technology of bromine recovery from bromine-containing brines is proposed. The technology is based on the anode decomposition of metal chloride, oxidation of bromine with escaping chlorine, extraction transfer of bromine from the anode electrolyte to the recycle catholyte and reduction of bromine on a porous cathode. Commercial products of the proposed method are individual salts of bromine. It was demonstrated that the develop process is safe and involves low energy and reagent consumption.