The mosaic of spatial locations of Soldanella hungarica Simonk. is investigated in the ecotones at the boundary between the subalpine and forest plant belts of the Carpathian mountains. It is shown that in extreme cases the nonuniform group arrangement and limited participation of the individuals of high vitality create more possibilities for seed reproduction and stable renewal of generations in local accumulations, but al the same time hinder the formation of the integrated uninterrupted population field of S. hungarica in Carpathian ecotones.
The behaviour of artificial radionuclides and microelements during forest fire events in the pine forests of the Altay Territory is investigated. It is shown that forestland burns are accompanied by active air migration of 90Sr,137Cs, Hg, Cd, As and other elements, and additional pollution of the components of forest biogeocenosis, at least at the areas adjacent to fire sites. The activity of element migration depends mainly on the biogeochemical characteristics of the elements, on the state of forest combustible materials, and on weather conditions. During the post-fire periods, redistribution of the elements occurs as a result of their transportation with melted snow water and rainwater. Revegetation carried out in burns promotes additional changes in element distribution over the burnt areas.
Results obtained in 2003 and 2004 characterizing the quality of water from drinking water sources used by the population of the Ust-Ordyn Buryat autonomous district (BAD), Irkutsk District and Aginskoye BAD are presented. In the XX century, these regions had been affected by the technogenic and radiation pollution (as a result of nuclear weapon tests).
As a result of 17-year investigations, eight associations of weed vegetation were singled out in cereal-fallow rotation and unchangeable wheat in leached chernozems of the areas near the Ob river. Five of these associations were an
The elemental composition and the content of flavonols of Pentaphylloides fruticosa (L) O. Schwarz of the Mountainous Altai are investigated. Some distinctions in the content of elements and flavonols in P. fruticosa plants of different age conditions corresponding to two development periods, pregenerative (immature and virginal plants) and generative (young, middle-aged and oil generative plants), are discovered.
The coenotic characteristics of the complexes of xylotrophic fungi were determined in the mycological investigation in the forest ecosystems of the natural part
Generalized results of long-term investigations of frutictesoflora of the green plantations in Vladivostok are presented. Diversity of the species composition in connection with plantation types and the quantitative participation of species in urban planting are studied. The diagnostics of the vital state is carried out; the stability of shrub plants under the conditions of urban ecosystems is assessed.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"TEXT";s:4:"TEXT";s:115:"S. V. Кarpenko, А. I. Chechulin, N. I. Yurlova, E. A. Serbina, S. N. Vodyanitskaya, А. V. Кrivopalov, К. P. Fedorov";}
Pages: 675–680
The goal of the work is to estimate the mechanisms of activation of the antioxidant system under the oxidative action of endogenous character in the Baikal endemic species Eulimnogammarus cyaneus (Dyb.). The oxidative action was induced by exposing the amphi
The features of the formation of orthopteran communities in the mountains of the South-Western Tadjikistan are described. The results of accounts are presented; the seasonal dynamics of the communities is characterized on this basis. A replacement of the dominant species with an increase in the absolute height is demonstrated. The importance of valleys and slopes at different altitudinal belts in the formation of the communities of orthopteran insects is assessed.
Experimental evaluation of the mass of food withdrawn by the larvae of Siberian moth during their development on larch, Siberian cedar, abies, fir and pine was carried out. The obtained dependencies between the masses of larvae and food withdrawn by them can be directly used to determine the withdrawn food rate of Siberian moth on each of the conifer species in Siberia.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"TEXT";s:4:"TEXT";s:115:"S. M. Ponomareva, P. Yu. Malkov, V. V. Dubatolov, S. E. Chernyshev, A. V. Barkalov, A. A. Legalov, S. V. ChesnokovА";}
Pages: 727–738
The major spatial changes in the communities of invertebrates in the grass cover of the North-Eastern Altay and the factors determining these changes are revealed on the basis of multi-year accounts. The strength and general character of the connection between non-homogeneity of population and environment are estimated.
The probability of contacts of the populations of swimming and near-water birds of the North-East of Asia with chemical pollutants is considered on the basis of an
For the entire territory of West Siberia, including its plain and mountainous parts, two maps of population were constructed: for amphibia together reptiles, and for birds. The differences in the spatial differentiation of the communities of these classes of vertebrates between each other and also for the separate and joint consideration of the plain and mountainous territories are demonstrated.
On the basis of the multi-year data, the intra-population and individual variability of nesting dates, number of eggs, oomorphological parameters and success of reproduction are an
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"TEXT";s:4:"TEXT";s:155:"Yu. M. Borisov, A. I. Kozlovsky, A. E. Balakirev, Т. B. Demidova, S. Yu. Irchin, V. M. Maligin, N. M. Okulova, S. G. Potapov, A. N. Shchipanov, V. N. Orlov";}
Pages: 763–771
We discuss the possibility of using the new modification of live-traps for express estimation of the biodiversity of small mammals. Experimental captures were conducted at the North-East Altai Mountains on the banks of the Teletskoe Lake. The proportions of insectivora and rodents among the animals captured using this method are closer to the results of estimation obtained with ditches than to the results obtained with break-back traps. The proposed method is less time-consuming than capture with ditches. We present the design of trap and recommendations for using the traps.
Quantitative characteristics of the mortality during the autumn and winter period were obtained for common, medium and small shrews (Sorex araneus, S. caecutiens, S. minutus) in the Tver District. The data accumulated during monitoring for 12 years at the permanent lines of live traps were used. An estimation of the relative and absolute numbers in autumn (October, November) and in spring (April) was made. For small shrew, a species with permanently low number, the losses are uniformly distributed from August to April and account for 40,1 % as an average. For common and medium shrews, during the whole period indicated, mortality was 89,3 and 73,6 %; in this situation, mortality during winter (November-April) accounts for 38,2 and 30,4 % of losses, respectively. The level of mortality during wintering depends on the maximal number of individuals in summer and on winter conditions.
The process of the formation of contemporary biosphere was directed to consistent settling the biota throughout all the terrestrial spheres, i.e. hydrosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere. The appearance of a definite form of soil formation corresponded to each stage: the underwater form for hydrozemic stage, the swampy form for atmozemic stage, the land form for lithozemic stage. The soil, its composition and properties corresponded to the level of the evolutional development of the biota and promoted the involvement of new potential habitats into the biospheric cycle.
A quantitative description of the cycles of matter within the limits of separate ecosystems and matter fluxes between ecosystems lying on the same caten
Results of the complex investigation of large-scale damage of forests in the Baikal region under the action of industrial pollution are presented. An approach to distinguish the areas affected by specific industrial centers is considered. The physiological condition of the weakened treestands is assessed using a set of parameters. The role of the secondary factors in the forest decline is determined. An approach to the complex phytotoxic mapping of the polluted areas is elaborated.
The concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Cr, Ni, Co, Pb, Cu, Cd) in the soil of the southern part of the Zeya-Bureya Plain and their subsequent distribution over the trophic chain: plant fodder
The distribution of the species diversity of the Altai-Sayan lichen biota was studied within the boundaries of the Altay and Krasnoyarsk territories, Kemerovo and Novosibirsk Regions, the Republic of Altay, Khakasia and Tyva, Kazakhstan, Mongolia. At present, the level of the diversity achieves 1765 species from 318 genera and 94 families. For the first time, the data on the diversity of lichen biota for the nine largest regions of the Southern Siberia are presented.
The paper focuses on investigating the densities of different trophic groups of soil microorganism, cellulose decomposition rates, and respiration of cryogenic forest soils in the north of Central Siberia and those of the southern taiga subzone, including those affected by surface wildfires. Psychrophilic bacteria and micromycetes were found to dominate these soil complexes. The biological activity of the upper soil horizon in the north appeared to be close to that in the south, although the growing season in the former area is shorter compared to the latter.
The EPR spectroscopic investigation of the samples of sphagnum mosses collected at the background and industry-affected regions within the boundaries of an oil deposit situated in the southern zone of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra was carried out. It was shown that the intensity of EPR spectra in plants varies. An exponential dependence of the intensity of the EPR signal of free radicals on the temperature of sample heating was established. Experiments with prelimin
Nitrogen cycles and peculiarities of spring wheat-sowed agroecosystem functioning were investigated on different types of soil polluted by fluorides from aluminum production. A disbalance between nitrogen fluxes directed towards the external and intra-soil cycles was found to be higher in gray forest soil agroecosystems characterized by the low buffer capacity with respect to fluorides than in turf-meadow soil. Stable functioning of agroecosystems on turf-meadow soil (stress regime) is maintained by intense nitrogen recirculation.
Chemical composition and enzymatic activity of the peat soil of a river plain bog ecosystem are considered. The biochemical processes were revealed to be most active in the peat soil in the region near the river bed and in the central part of the river plain which is formed under rich mineral nutrition and aerobic conditions. This is explained by the soil functioning conditions.
Results of the analysis of variability of organism characteristics (plants and Drosophila melanogaster) under the action of Tyumen oil are presented. The most adequate to the goals of the ecological genetic screening and monitoring are estimations of prolificacy, account of mutation frequency and an
Some indices of the individual variability of the annual growth of trees in the larch sparse growth of trees of Khakasia are compared. Under the conditions of Shira forest-steppe, larch is characterized by the high sensitivity of annual growth and a broad range of responses to changes in vegetation conditions. The advantage of the trees of medium growth sensitivity is maintained by the stabilizing selection. These trees are distinguished by the highest vitality. A direct connection of the adaptive norm of the reaction of the population and the individual variability of growth indices with the total annual amount of precipitation was revealed. The genetic structure of the population is depicted to a higher extent by the index of sensitivity of annual growth.
It is shown that the depth and degree of frost penetration in the leached chernozem (black soil) of Presalairya were minimal in an extremely snow-rich hydrological year when the amount of water accumulated in snow was twice as large as the norm.
