Home – Home – Jornals – Russian Geology and Geophysics 2006 number 7

Impact tuffisites of the Popigai astrobleme are described. This class of rocks has first been discovered in terrestrial astroblemes. Their dikes in the target gneisses are made up of a mixture of glass (10-90 vol.%), gneiss fragments, and cryptograin matrix. Most of the glass particles are porous; they are

The dispersed organic matter of the Bazhenov Formation and Togur Member was correlated with the Bazhenov- and Togur-type oils in the southern Nyurol'ka megadepression, the Tomsk Region. On the basis of lithostratigraphic columns, data of testing and sampling of nineteen prospecting-exploratory boreholes, and vitrinite reflectance, the Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary section was mathematically simulated in the form of a 3D-2D thermal model. According to the temperature zoning of oil and gas formation in the Bazhenov and Tyumen' Formations, loci of oil generation were established and the time of their joining the major zone of oil formation was determined. The locus of generation of the Bazhenov-type oils appeared at 32-24 Ma. In plan, it coincides with local folds in the Upper Jurassic sediments of the Igol'sk-Talovaya uplift, Karai-Aisaz trough, and northwestern Aisaz bank. The locus of generation of the Togur-type oils originated at 24 Ma and is associated with the Karai fold and local uplifts of the Karai-Aisaz trough. The possible effect of nonstationary deep heat flow, Pleistocene-Holocene cryogenic processes, and Miocene erosion on the forecast model for oil generation loci has been quantitatively estimated.

Sections of the Bazhenov and Georgiev Formations in the northern Ob'-Irtysh interfluve were studied. Four lithologic types of sections of the Bazhenov Formation and three types of sections of the Georgiev Formation have been recognized, and their relationship with the petroleum potential of the Jurassic-Cretaceous deposits has been established. It is shown that the settings in which sediments accumulated on positive structures at the bottom of the Georgiev paleosea were more favorable for the formation of phosphorite concretions and intense concentration of glauconite grains than the settings in syneclises. The conditions of accumulation of both formations have been refined.

In the course of regional geological surveys of the Central Urals guide conodonts were found. On the basis of these findings, we dated the volcanosedimentary deposits of the western slope formed under the conditions of continental rifting (leading ultimately to the rupture of the continental plate and to the birth of an ocean) and the volcanic complexes developed on the eastern slope of the Urals at the base of an island arc, whose origin suggests the existence of a mature oceanic structure. Thus, a sufficiently narrow age interval has been established to time the ocean opening. According to the data obtained, the rift-related tholeiitic volcanic rocks of the western slope were formed immediately before the continental crust had broken and the continental rift had transformed into oceanic, as late as the Middle Ordovician. The island-arc volcanic complexes of the eastern slope began to form in the Late Ordovician. This implies that the paleo-ocean in the Central Urals opened about the time of Middle-Late Ordovician transition.

A complex of paleomagnetic, geologo-lithological, and paleontological data served as a base for a geomagnetic polarity scale that existed on the West Siberian Plate (WSP) in the Paleogene. The scale comprises 31 large magnetic zones (orthozones) of normal and reversed polarity. To compile the scale, we compared and correlated the Paleogene reference sections of the Kulunda, Baraba, and Tomsk lithologo-facies zones. The reliability of paleomagnetic data is controlled by the possibility to distinguish the primary component of natural remanent magnetization and structural similarity of the WSP paleomagnetic scale with the global magnetochronological scale and paleomagnetic scales of other regions. During a 34.5 Myr period, from Upper Paleocene to Lower Miocene, the Early Cenozoic geomagnetic field reconstructed from NRM vectors of the WSP Paleogene rocks experienced 31 reversals (at the rank of orthozone boundaries), with 16 and 15 regimes of normal and reversed polarity, respectively.
Comparison of the Paleogene WSP scale with the Berggren scale permitted us to demarcate Early Cenozoic series in the regional WSP stratigraphic scale in absolute chronology. The Paleocene-Eocene boundary, approximately at 55 Ma (Chron C24r), is recorded in the regional scale near the roof of the Lower Lyulin-Vor Subformation (inside Orthochron R₂E₁t). The Eocene-Oligocene boundary at 33.8 Ma (Chron C13r) runs in sediments near the sole of the Atlym Formation in Orthochron R_8-1E_2-3pr. The Oligocene-Miocene boundary at 23.8 Ma runs above the Zhuravka Formation.
The WSP Paleogene geomagnetic polarity scale is of interregional importance. Being the only Paleogene scale for northern Asia, it is a crucial link between the continental-type scale and oceanic scale compiled from bottom cores of deep-sea drilling and sea magnetic anomalies.

The problem of paleoclimatic reconstructions in Central Asia is intimately related to study of the material composition of bottom sediments of Lakes Baikal and Hövsgöl. We report results of a quantitative IR spectroscopic analysis of non-clay components from these lacustrine sediments, such as quartz, plagioclase, carbonate minerals, and biogenic silica. The analyses were carried out using calibration curves (optical density at the absorption peak of component vs. its concentration in the sample). The calibration curves were constructed using synthetic mixtures of known composition. A method has been developed for a quantitative estimation of biogenic silica from the high-frequency shoulder of its absorption band 800 cm^-1. The obtained results are in agreement with chemical data. Estimation of the total content of non-clay components made it possible to determine the portion of layered minerals in the sediments and determine its dependence on paleoclimatic conditions. The relative error of most analyses is much lower than 10%. The maximum concentration of kaolinite in the sediments is 5%.

The paper presents an energy model of an earthquake source as a basis for estimating quantitative source parameters. Stress drop (Δσ), slip ( D ), and the source length ( L ) and width ( W ) are found using the integral source parameter p as
p = 2( 4 / π ) V_S / C_L ) ³ √ E _c / M ₀
where E_sis the seismic energy, M₀ is the seismic moment, f₀ is the angular frequency, C_L is the velocity of dislocation front in the source, V_S is the shear wave velocity, Δ ε is the strain drop.
In terms of physics the parameter p is an integral parameter of a seismogenic medium which characterizes its response to propagating dislocation. Its true values, as well as the values of other dynamic parameters, are impossible to estimate, the solution of the inverse source problem being ambiguous. Yet, there is no need in true values as the necessary information comes from space-time variations of p and other source parameters. This approach may allow more efficient solutions to the problems of earthquake prediction and seismic zoning.
Results of mass measurements of the p arameter show that it varies in earthquakes of the same energy class as a function of energy flux to the source area (e.g., the water level rise of the Nurek water reservoir). Space-time variations in the p parameter can be used as diagnostic for the location and time of pending events.

Satellite measurements cannot provide the appropriate monitoring of space and time geomagnetic secular variations as data from magnetic observatories are not properly taken into account. With the rare regional network of magnetic observatories in Siberia and the Russian Far East, it is essential to resume systematic monitoring of the geomagnetic field at repeat stations (RS). We suggest a method of vector magnetic measurements at repeat stations using fluxgate theodolite-proton magnetometer sets. The method was developed on the basis of analysis of uncertainty in vector magnetic measurements and imitation modeling of data from five observatories around Novosibirsk. We chose an efficient way for reducing the RS diurnal values of field components to their annual values by interpolation of differences between these values at the neighbor observatories. The new method can be used for resuming geomagnetic monitoring at repeat stations.

Chromato-mass-spectrometric studies of fractions of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons from oils and oil shows of the Nepa-Botuobiyan and Aldan anteclises as well as chloroform extracts from mudstones of the Lower Cambrian Sinyaya Oil Shale Formation have revealed a series of new biomarker molecules. In oils from the Nepa-Botuobiyan anteclise, 3-alkyl steranes with 32 carbon atoms in the molecule were identified. Biological precursors of these alkyl steranes are still unknown. Such structures might have been produced from Δ²-sterenes as a result of bacterial methylation. The Cambrian oil shales and oil shows of the Aldan syneclise have abnormally high concentrations of triaromatic steroids C₂₈. In addition, new triaromatic steroids with an alkyl chain substituent in the ring A have been identified. The identical distribution of biomarkers in the oils and oil shales casts no doubt on their genetic relationship.

Late Permian PGE-Cu-Ni-bearing lherzolite-gabbronorite-dolerite and dolerite-kongadiabase-granophyre intrusions of the Song Hien rift structure in northeastern Vietnam (Cao Bang complex) were formed synchronously with the Emeishan traps of the Yangtze Platform. Massifs of this complex are made up of rocks of two series: lherzolite-picrite-picrodolerite-melanogabbro and kongadiabase-dolerite-gabbronorite. The first, essentially ultramafic, series is dominated by plagioperidotites and picritoids composed of labradorite-bytownite (An_66-70), chrysolite (f _Ol = 16-18%), magnesium diopside-augite (f _MP = 18-20%), and low-alumina bronzite (f _RP = 20-22%). They are associated with Pd-dominated PGE-Cu-Ni mineralization. In the sulfide phase of picrite from the endocontact zone of the Suoi Cun massif the contents of noble metals are as follows: 7.67 ppm Pt, 18.58 ppm Pd, 26.55 ppm Au, and 32.44 ppm Ag. Model calculations show that this massif was produced by the single intrusion of a high-Al picrobasalt magma crystallized at 1260-1090

Study was given to a fragment of the phase diagram of the system Fe-FeS-NiS-Ni at 900

The Aldan Shield (Aldan-Stanovoy area) is an ancient lithospheric plate, which repeatedly interacted with surrounding mobile areas throughout the Phanerozoic. This interaction resulted in numerous igneous-rock and ore associations in the Mesozoic, which form several ore-magmatic clusters and districts. The largest and most commercially important of them is the Central Aldan ore district, which is considered a regional ore-magmatic system (ROMS) within the Aldan Shield, a specific ore-magmatic province. The Aldan complex is a polychronous and polyfacies association composed of diverse igneous, metasomatic, and ore products, which form local ore-magmatic systems (LOMS).
The geologic structure and lithology of the Central Aldan ROMS are typical of a within-plate activity setting. The diversity of igneous rocks in Central Aldan is due to its median localization in the laterally zonal area of Mesozoic magmatism, between alkali-earth rocks in the east and south and peralkaline rocks in the west of the shield. Therefore, this region bears almost all igneous rock varieties of different formations typical of the Aldan province.
There are a number of gold deposits and ore occurrences of different association types within the Aldan Shield. Of practical significance are deposits of four commercial types (El'kon, Ryabinovy, Lebediny, and Kuranakh), the major ones being localized in the Central Aldan ore district. Gold deposits of Central Aldan differ in their localization in the Earth's crust section. The post-ore block movements of different amplitudes determined the occurrence of these deposits on the modern Earth's surface or near it. The deposits have both common and different structural and compositional features, which permit them to be referred to different ore associations of a single paragenetic series. The difference in the mineralogy and geochemistry of gold orebodies might be due to different depths of their formation.

The scheme of regionalization of the northern Siberian craton has principally been amended. It is proven that the succession of structural elements distinguished in the north is the same as in the south: oceanic block, pericratonic trough, and belt of intracratonic basins. Each of these structures can be, in turn, divided into several structure-facies zones. As in the south, three main stages of development have been established in the Neoproterozoic of the above structural elements, which correspond to the Mayanian, Baikalian, and Vendian.
The most considerable modifications are made in dating of the earlier established stratigraphic divisions. It is proven that the Debengda and Lower Yusmastakh Formations of the northern Siberian Platform correspond to the Kerpylian. The carbonate marker characterized by fossils of the Lakhanda Horizon plays an extremely important role in all structural elements of the northern Siberian craton. It comprises the Upper Yusmastakh, Khaipakh, Neleger, Sietachan, and somewhat more complicated Udzha Formations of the belt of intracratonic depressions; Chernaya Rechka and coeval Medvezh'ya Formations of the pericratonic trough, as well as the Kolosov and Kan'yon Formations of Taimyr. These modifications were promoted by a revision of biostratigraphy of many taxa of stromatolites and microfossils in the adjacent regions of Siberia. The microphytoliths of the Kalanchevo Complex cannot be used to determine the Baikalian and Vendian ages for the Medvezh'ya and Kolosov Formations. Thus, it was proven that the Baikalian is completely missing from northern Siberia. We argue that this is not due to the pre-Vendian erosion. Most likely, sedimentation was interrupted throughout the area by pre-Baikalian tectonic events.
The age of the oceanic volcanosedimentary and volcanogenic deposits in the Chukchi-Borzov and Zhdanov structure-facies zones is essentially refined. It is proven that they correspond to the Mayanian alone. An argument is that the wide fields made up of the island-arc volcanogenic complexes of this age are cut by narrow tabular bodies of ophiolites related to the pre-Baikalian rifting. As a result, we have corroborated the conclusion by V.E. Khain that there are two main borders of the Taimyr evolution: Grenvillian (1100 Ma) and Early Baikalian (850 Ma). We have shown that two principal events characterize the northern platform in the Neoproterozoic: formation of the supercontinent Rodinia in the Mayanian and the beginning of its breakup in the Baikalian. In the Vendian, after a large gap the superimposed troughs initiated as early as the Baikalian continued to develop.

Detailed study was given to the hydrogeology of the coal methane-promising Erunakovo region. We have established that all aquifers there are mutually related and form a single aquifer complex consisting of a series of microbeds of different water transmissivities and permeabilities. Two zones have been recognized in the Erunakovo region - of intense and slow water exchange (fresh- and brackish-water, respectively). Fresh waters with mineralization of up to 1 g/l and pH = 7-8 occur at depths down to ~300 m or, seldom, 500 m. Brackish waters have mineralization of 1-13 g/l and pH reaching 10.1. The higher mineralization is due to the higher contents of HCO₃^- and Na and, sometimes, SO₄², produced through sulfide oxidation, and Cl^-, concentrated as a result of evaporation. In the study region, CO₂ is not of mantle genesis but is the product of coal metamorphism.

On the example of the Tomsk agricultural and industrial agglomeration, mineralogical and geochemical peculiarities of man-made contamination of the soil cover are considered. Levels of accumulation of heavy metals, rare and rare-earth elements have been established. In the soil cover, clear-cut symptoms of man-made technical load manifested among solid mineral phases of natural origin (quartz, field spat, chlorite, etc.) and man-made (mullite, spinel, magnesium ferrite, baddeleyite, graphite, asbestos etc.) forma

Influence of fires on xylotrophic fungi communities is discussed. Some common laws of pyrogenic mycocenosises changes are marked. Fires results in reduction of mycocenosises species diversity as a result of decreasing of quantity and quality changes of substrates. The damage of alive trees make it possible the pathogenic species invasion in community. A role of species, capable to invade warmed substrates in communities is not significant.

The database on luminous bacteria stored at the culture collection IBSO is one of metasections of the database on luminescent organisms "BIOLUMBASE". A logical scheme of the metasection "Natural Luminescent Microorganisms", classification of subjects, methods of presentation of attributes have been developed. The database of luminescent bacteria supported in the IBSO collection is supplemented with the data of the own studies of employees of the collection and with the information from scientific literature. The database will contain information that may be useful for the solution of various tasks of microbial ecology and biotechnology  where luminescent bacteria, luminescent system isolated from them and lux-genes cloned into other organisms are used. The users will be able to obtain not only cataloguized information about strains, but also information about properties, functions, use, bibliography, and to carry out search for strains with respect to any set of desirable attributes.

New experimental results have been obtained which demonstrate that one of the most important processes of reparation at the ecological level (restoration of water quality in the course of elimination of suspension from water by hydrobionts) is inhibited by the pollutant (xenobiotic); this points to an ele

A mathematical model explaining the mechanism of occurrence of periodic changes of the predominant species in complex tree stands is proposed. A case of a tree stand composed of two species one of which is dark coniferous and the other leafy is considered. The model is based on a modified equation of Von Foerster. It is demonstrated that periodic changes may occur in a case when the dark coniferous species possesses at the same time a high growth rate and an intense renewal.

Damps of gold extraction, especially those containing quicksilver, present a serious ecological danger. Independent of the gold extraction technology, high concentrations of heavy metals and technogenous mercury differentiate in the damps various types of ecosystems with independent isolated micromycete communities. When the rules of professional safety in the process of reutilization of old wastes are not observed, the blood, hair and nail mercury content increases in the workers, which is considered as a threat of mercury intoxication.

By the method of non-destructive X-ray fluorescence an

Data on the effect of low concentrations of a xenobiotic

The influence of Rhododendron aureum extract on the resistence of seeds of two wild-growing plant species of Yakutia (Descurainia sophia (L.) and Chamaenerion angusifolium (L.)) to hyperthermia was studied in pre-and posthyperthermal regimes by estimation of physiological and biochemical properties of germs (seed germin

The heavy metal and radionuclide content were studied in thallium of epiphytic and supra-soil lichens from various regions of the Novosibirsk oblast (including the city of Novosibirsk), Altai Krai and Altai Republic. An increased accumulation of heavy metals and radionuclides was found in epiphyte lichens as compared to supra-soil ones.

Ion exchangers based on polyolefinic filaments remain poorly studied, though they are rather promising with regard to their well developed surface, good sorption capacity, mechanical strength, chemical and osmotic stability, etc. Moreover, there is a wide base of raw materials for their synthesis, and advanced modification methods may impart them quite unique properties. This review summarizes the most interesting data related to the properties and practical application of fibrous ion-exchange materials based on polypropylene and polyethylene.

Chemical modification of oxidized and weathered coals from the Shubarkol field (Kazakhstan) is studied. Coals are shown to be fit for the synthesis of amine derivatives via their interaction with amines (diamines) in the presence of acidic catalysts. Physical and chemical analysis data support the suggested synthesis scheme. Conductometric analysis method is developed for determining the functional composition of the oxidized coal modification products. It is demonstrated that nitrogen introduction into the coals improves their complexing ability and makes them polyampholyte. Sorption capacity of amine derivatives as pH function is shown to be a parabola with minimum at pH 4-5. This fact confirms the polyampholyte nature of these agents. Amino modified coals may be used for demineralization of mine waters and as extracting agents for metal ions precipitation from hydrometallurgy wastewaters.

Chromatography mass spectrometry was applied to study the qualitative and quantitative composition of pollutants in the working air of the Tie-Impregnating Plant (TIP) in the city of Taytshet (Irkutsk Region). Organic pollutants were shown to be provided by the emission of antiseptics, used in technology process. Pollutants composition varied depending on the sampling method and analytical sample pre-treatment. The most informative data were obtained, when sorption sampling was combined with extraction and thermal desorption sample pre-treatment for analysis.

Hard melting carbide and oxide barrier coatings over carbon and carbide silicon continuous fibres were studied with respect to their morphology, microstructure, composition and resistance to oxidation, as far as these fibres are meant for the arming of composites with ceramic matrix for construction purposes. Coatings are proved to show a good adhesion towards the fibres, and are longwise and crosswise uniform. Coating methods do not permit fibres splicing with each other. Fibres strength after coating remains the same or insignificantly decreases. Composites with carbon silicon matrix, armed with carbide silicon fibres with the interface coatings are characterized by expanded destruction viscosity, provided by the weakening of the fibres-matrix bonding and fibres stretching. Therefore, they may be used as construction materials in various fields, including atomic energy production.

Rate of hydrogen chloride desorption from the SiCl₄ and SiHCl₃ solutions was studied in time at gas end pressure P_total= 1.3 atm in a temperature range of 223-293 K. One may use desorption rate data for choosing better conditions for the HCl recover from chlorinated silanes.

Inversion voltammetry method was used to test 52 healthy people and 28 patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) (all Novosibirsk citizens) for the content of microelements such as Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd. In the blood and urine of healthy people zinc, lead and cadmium content was found to fit conventional norm, while Cu content in blood and its fractions was at the lowermost norm level. Copper content in the whole blood of the HL sick people insignificantly differed from that typical for healthy people. However, one of the main homeostasis parameters, namely copper and zinc balance in blood and urine, was disturbed. In particular, there was essential zinc deficit in blood, while in urine zinc was in excess. Moreover, all HL sick patients had insufficient cadmium excretion and blood lead deficit in comparison to the control group. Organic selenium containing, food supplement "Nutricon-Selenium" was clinically tested. Its administration brought zinc excretion to norm, but noticeably increased imbalance between copper and zinc in blood.

Processes of sorption and desorption of cesium and strontium radionuclides by main rock-forming minerals and soil samples from Kola PEN have been studied. It has been demonstrated that it is advisable that acidified solution of sodium chloride should be used to desorb radionuclides. A promising flow diagram has been proposed for deactivation of soils that have been polluted by radionuclides. The flow diagram involves a high degree of concentrating the radionuclides within a product to be buried, the use of a recycled solution that is intended for soil deactivation, as well as the freedom from the secondary pollution of soil by reagents harmful for the environment.

Processes involved in the interaction of some high-molecular compounds with the hydrazide of isonicotinic acid (isoniazid) and (+)-1,1'-ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis-(1-hydroxymethylpropane)dihydrochloride (ethambutol hydrochloride) in aqueous solutions are investigated. The deserving character of viscosimetry to be applied for the investigation of the formation of complexes of polymers with hydrophilic substances is validated for isoniazid and ethambutol hydrochloride. The data obtained are of special interest for the development of the chemistry of medications and for the elaboration of new highly efficient medical products.

For the first time the authors have shown the possibility to disintegrate phenacite-containing flotation concentrate by 93 % solution of sulphuric acid, which provides transformation of ~92 mass % beryllium from the concentrate to water-soluble sulphate. The further enhancement of the completeness of the concentrate disintegration up to ~98 mass % is ensured by application of mechanoactivating preparation of the concentrate for sulphatization.

The effect of nanofillers (nanocarbon, P-sialon and cobalt spinel) on the state of the interface of butadiene-nitrile caoutchouc (acrylonitrile content: 17-20 %) and ultrahigh-molecular polyethylene (UHMPE) is investigated. A set of physicomechanical tests was carried out, the characteristics of wear, oil and frost resistance of the investigated compositions were determined. It was shown that the use of additives allows one to improve the interaction and the interface of butadiene-nitrile caoutchouc and UHMPE and the performance characteristics of the materials based on these polymers.

Results of investigation of the process of lead cementation from its sulphate on powdered metals, namely, zinc dust and iron powder, under dynamic and static conditions have been presented. It has been demonstrated that the process runs more intensively without stirring. Kinetic characteristics of the process have been determined.

Ozonation of rubber crumbs, accompanied by the accumulation of oxygen in the inactive form, causes changes in the group composition of the products of thermal dissolution: the fraction of tarry matter increases, while the yield of gases decreases substantially. The amount of ozone-modified organic matter of rubber is estimated on the basis of the results of non-isothermal dissolution; the effective activation energy of the process is calculated.

Distribution of heavy metals in water, bottom silt, and on suspensions in the mouth area of the river and in the arms of the Selenga delta has been investigated. It has been found that significant part of Pb and Cu is sorbed on suspension. Cu, Fe, and Mn content in the water of the arms before the confluence into Lake Baikal increases in the spring and exceeds the admissible concentration limit for fish-economic water bodies. The analysis of seasonal dynamics of the content of elements in water demonstrates that maximal content of Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn in water is observed in the spring and in winter; in the rest of the time of year, it flattens at a level of minimal autumn values.

The sorbents with layered-columnar structure were obtained on the basis of polyhydroxo complexes of aluminium and iron and the montmorillonite clay from the Mukhor-Talinskoye deposit. The texture characteristics of the sorbents were determined by means of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and XPA. Their adsorption characteristics in aqueous solutions with respect to different anionic dyes were investigated. It was established that modification with polyhydroxo complexes of aluminium and iron causes an increase in the adsorption capacity of montmorillonite with respect to anionic dyes due to an increase in total specific surface and the number of anion-exchange centres.

Adsorption of bovine serum albumin by carbon fibres modified with titanium hydroxide by means of chemical and electrochemical deposition is investigated. The effect of fibre modification on changes in adsorption capacity with respect to the protein from the solutions of different composition is demonstrated. Adsorption of albumin was determined with the open-circuit potential and on the polarized surface of carbon fibres. Adsorption constants are calculated. It is established that titanium-containing fibre obtained as a result of the electrochemical deposition of titanium hydroxide is characterized by the maximal sorption capacity with respect to bovine serum albumin.

It is demonstrated for the first time that divinyl sulphide is a convenient and efficient monomer for the plasmachemical modification of the surface of various polymeric materials.