Home – Home – Jornals – "Philosophy of Education" 2012 number 1

The structure of the Earth's crust at the junction of the Siberian craton and Sayan-Baikal Fold Belt was studied along the Bayandai Village-Cape Krestovskii profile (85 km long) by a set of geological and geophysical methods: structural survey, interpretation of long-distance photographs, emanation survey, electrical prospecting with self-potential (SP) and direct-current (DC) resistivity profiling, magnetotelluric sounding, magnetic survey, and hydrogeochemical sampling of water objects. Interpretation of the data refined the main features of the tectonic structure of western Cisbaikalia and revealed the disruption pattern and hierarchic zone-block structure of the Earth's crust. The Obruchev fault system (~50 km wide), which is the northwestern shoulder of the Baikal Rift, is the main interblock zone of the studied region. It consists of the Morskoi, Primorskii, and Prikhrebtovyi interblock zones, traced from depths of tens of kilometers and widening near the surface owing to superior structures. The studies gave an insight into the regularities in the occurrence of interblock zones and the criteria for their identification in different geologo-geophysical fields. An efficient complex of methods for mapping the Earth's crust zone-block structure is proposed.

Samples of magnetite ores of different parageneses and mineral compositions from the Goroblagodatskoe skarn-magnetite deposit were studied by physical and mineralogo-petrographic methods. Electrical-resistance curves were obtained for an ore containing 80-90% magnetite for the temperature range 20-800 ?C. Three groups of samples were recognized according to the pattern of temperature curves and electrical resistance: sulfide-free, sulfide-containing (pyrrhotite), and variolitic ores.
The parameters of high-temperature conductivity (activation energy E ₀ and coefficient of electrical resistance lgR₀) have been determined. A linear relationship between E ₀ and lgR₀ (lgR₀ = a - bE ₀) has been established for magnetite ores of all mineral types. The coefficient a varies from 1.92 to 4.80 depending on the type and mineral composition of magnetite ores. The coefficient b is nearly constant for all studied samples, 6.65. The figurative points of the samples in the E ₀ - lgR₀ coordinates lie in the field bounded by the straight lines lgR₀ = 4.80 - 6.65 E ₀ and lgR₀ = 1.92 - 6.65 E ₀.
The samples of magnetite ores of the skarn and hydrosilicate paragenesis with visible pyrrhotite inclusions and samples of variolitic ores form an individual group in the above field. Within the group, the ores are also subdivided into garnet-magnetite (skarn paragenesis), epidote-chlorite-magnetite (hydrosilicate paragenesis), pyroxene-magnetite, and orthoclase-magnetite (variolitic ores).

We consider the parameters of the magnetoacoustic-emission (MAE) effect in magnetites from the ores of the Urals and West Siberia. It has been shown that the differences in signals are related to various types of the domain structures of samples, whose fixity is determined by the formation conditions of magnetite and the effect of superposed physicochemical processes. On the basis of the field parameters, the magnetites have been divided into three types depending on the area of magnetic fields with MAE. These parameters can serve as the typomorphic features of magnetites of different genesis.

Results of numerical and experimental investigations of the sonic boom parameters for two configurations of civil supersonic transport are presented. Numerical modelling is performed by a combined method based on calculating the spatial flow in the near zone of the aircraft configuration and subsequent determination of disturbed flow parameters at large distances from the examined model. Numerical results are compared with experimental sonic boom parameters measured in the near zone and with results of their recalculation to large distances within the framework of the quasi-linear theory. This validation allows the degree of adequacy of the inviscid Euler model for solving the posed problem to be determined. Reasons for certain disagreement between the calculated and experimental data are discussed. The analysis confirms the possibility of attenuating the sonic boom generated by supersonic transport with an unconventional configuration based on a tandem arrangement of two wings on the fuselage.

The rarefaction effects in the problem of hypersonic flow around a profile with blunted leading edge are studied in the flow regimes when the edge bluntness radius is comparable with the mean free path in the free stream. The flow around a cylindrically blunted thick plate at zero incidence was modelled numerically in the transitional regime by using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method, the finite-difference solution of the kinetic equation of the relaxation type (the ellipsoidal statistical model), and the solution of the Navier ⎯ Stokes equations. It is shown that for the Knudsen numbers in terms of the bluntness radius below 0.1, the Navier ⎯ Stokes equations can be applied successfully for viscous flow description behind the shock wave provided that the initial rarefaction effects are taken into account via the slip and temperature jump boundary conditions on the plate surface. For Knudsen number of about 0.5, the rarefaction effects are more appreciable; in particular, a substantial anisotropy of the distribution function takes place, but the Navier ⎯ Stokes equations yield, as before, a qualitatively correct result. The initial stage of the boundary layer development in the edge vicinity has been studied. In the considered range of Knudsen numbers, the entropy layer near the edge is comparable with the boundary layer thickness. As the distance from the leading edge increases one observes the absorption of the entropy layer by the boundary layer. In the studied parameter range, the interaction between the boundary and entropy layers leads to a flow stability increase

The optic noncontact method of velocity field measurement in the flow volume is considered in this paper for the purposes of hydroaerodynamic experiment. The essence of this method is measurement of particles motion in the flow during short periods between laser pulses. This study offers and implements several algorithmic optimizations, allowing data processing time reduction. It is shown that application of threshold background filtering on the recorded projections (particle images) and fast estimation of initial intensity distribution in the volume allows increasing the speed of tomographic reconstruction algorithm two or three times. Reconstruction accuracy and errors in determination of particle shift were studied in this work using artificial images. The described tomographic method for the velocity field estimation in the flow volume was used for diagnostics of a turbulent submerged jet flowing into a narrow channel. The application of developed approaches in experiment allowed us to obtain spatial distribution of the average velocity field and instantaneous velocity fields in the measurement area.

Influence of elasticity module of coating material on the parameters of hard compliant coatings deformation has been analysed. Calculation using two-dimensional model has shown that maximum coating deformation is achieved at the ratio of flow rate U to the parameter = (E/3ρ)^0.5 approximately equal to 2.5, however, velocity of wall surface motion has first local maximum at ≈ 1. The range of coating parameters' values at which compromise between its hardness and intensity of interaction with turbulent flow is provided has been determined. For rubbery materials with Poisson coefficient of about 0.5, correlations of the flow velocity and parameter shall be in the range 1÷1.5. It is shown that at such parameters, the mean square value of the coating surface deflection/inflection is less than the viscous sublayer thickness, its correlation with the wavelength is very small and equals (1÷5)·10⁻⁴. Such form of deformed surface fundamentally differs from the parameters of the wave wall in Kendall's experiments which results are used for calculation of inverse influence of wall deformation on the flow. It was assumed that solid compliant coatings do not cause instability of interaction with the ambient flow.
Analysis of the coating surface motion rate has shown that its mean square value is 5÷6 % of the value of the dynamic flow velocity at wide change of elasticity modulus of the coating material from 0.01 to 10 MPa. This is proved by the earlier proposed mechanism of drag reduction based on the change of the picture of Reynolds stress generation in the vicinity of the compliant wall. The performed analysis allowed explaining comparatively low drag decrease in the experiments with solid compliant coatings. The valuerealized in these studies was from 0.06 to 0.3 that was much lower than the optimal value.

This article investigates the natural convection flow of viscous incompressible fluid in a channel formed by two infinite vertical parallel plates. Fully developed laminar flow is considered in a vertical channel with steady-periodic temperature regime on the boundaries. The effect of internal heating by viscous dissipation is taken into consideration. Separating the velocity and temperature fields into steady and periodic parts, the resulting second order ordinary differential equations are solved to obtain the expressions for velocity, and temperature. The amplitudes and phases of temperature and velocity are also obtained as well as the rate of heat transfer and the skin friction on the plates. In presence of viscous dissipation, fluids of relatively small Prandtl number has higher temperature than the channel plates and as such, heat is being transferred from the fluid to the plate.

A derivation of the conjugation criterion for a rotating disc is reported. Characteristics of conjugate heat transfer on a single disc and in a cavity formed by two discs, one rotating and the other stationary, are analysed.

The paper presents the results of experimental investigation of heat transfer and hydrodynamics of falling films of binary mixtures of R21 and R114 freons on the surfaces with complex configuration. The vertical tubes of 50-mm diameter with the smooth and structured surfaces, made of D16T alloy, were used as the working sections. The range of film Reynolds number at the inlet to the working section was Re =10÷155. The image of wave surface of the falling liquid film was visualized and recorded by a high-speed digital video camera. At evaporation the heat transfer coefficients on the smooth and structured surfaces are determined by the liquid flow rate and weakly depend on the heat flux. At low liquid flows, the heat transfer coefficients on the structured surface decrease in comparison with the smooth surface because of liquid accumulation and enlargement of efficient thickness in microtexture channels. At high liquid flows, a change in the structure of the wave film surface leads to an increase in heat transfer coefficients in comparison with the smooth surface.

Boiling up of metastable liquid on the surface of a cylindrical heater is studied at high superheating, when the evaporation front is formed. Boiling up begins with formation of a spherical bubble on the heater wall. Evaporation fronts propagating along the heater with the constant velocity are formed due to development of interfacial instability.  The mathematical model describing the growth of a spherical bubble and vapor cavity behind the evaporation front is developed. Results of numerical simulation agree with available experimental data.

Computer simulation of emitted radiation intensity spectrum of tantalum object was carried out. Simulation measurements occurred in a narrow spectral window, which moved along the spectrum with the given step. In this way, spectral ranges at which the dependence of the emissivity (or its logarithm) on the wavelength is the simplest and fairly accurate, in particular linear, were sought for. In the case of successful search for the specified spectral range, the required temperature was determined in the spectral window with the least squares technique. If the emissivity (or its logarithm) is linearly dependent on the wavelength then the alternative estimation of the true temperature is possible. In this case, the required temperature is determined via the change of the convexity of the spectral emissivity dependence at selection of its numerical value from the values lower than the true temperature value to the values higher than the true temperature value. This approach is simple, does not require solution of the system of equations and can significantly narrow temperature range to which the true temperature belongs.

The effect of dust particle concentration on gas discharge plasma parameters was studied through development of a self-consistent kinetic model which is based on solving the Boltzmann equation for the electron distribution function. It was shown that an increase in the Havnes parameter causes an increase in the average electric field and ion density, as well as a decrease in the charge of dust particles and electron density in a dust particle cloud. Self-consistent simulations for a wide range of plasma and dust particle parameters produced several scaling laws: these are laws for dust particle potential and electric field as a function of dust particle concentration and radius, and the discharge current density. The simulation results demonstrate that the process of self-consistent accommodation of parameters of dust particles and plasma in condition of particle concentration growth causes a growth in the number of high-energy electrons in plasma, but not to depletion of electron distribution function.

Results of application of a method for measuring the distribution of temperature in a nitrogen plasma jet emanating from a dc plasma torch with sectioned inter-electrode insert from the relative intensities of the molecular emission bands of nitrogen in the N₂⁺(B²Σ_u⁺ − X²Σ_g⁺) first negative and N₂(C³П_u⁺ − B³П_g⁺) second positive systems are reported. The emission spectra were registered using a small-size spectrometer with medium-range spectral resolution enabling a contour analysis of ro-vibrational bands in molecular emission spectra. The obtained distribution of temperature was compared with the distribution that was determined from the emission lines due to copper atoms and with the mean-mass plasma temperature of the air plasma jet.

The two-dimensional mathematical model in the approximation of a partial local thermodynamic equilibrium of plasma and the technique for numerical computation of the unsteady electric arc characteristics, including the conjugate heat exchange of the electric-arc plasma flow with the treated product (anode) are considered. The results of overall testing of the numerical algorithm point to the correctness of the model and computational technique. The results of the computation of the arc characteristics from the conventional ignition moment until the passage to stationary regime are presented. It is found that a single thermal torus, which scatters fairly quickly in the ambient medium, forms around the arc column.

Thermal conductivity of refrigerant R-409A in vapor phase was studied in the range of temperatures 306-425 K and pressures 0.12−1.33 MPa. Measurements were performed with the stationary method of coaxial cylinders. Uncertainty of experimental data on thermal conductivity was 1.5−2.5 %, and errors of temperature and pressure measurements did not exceed 0.05 K and 4 kPa, respectively. Approximating dependence of thermal conductivity on pressure and temperature was obtained. Thermal conductivity on dew line and in ideal gas state was calculated.

We propose a new optimal method of steam-vortex plasma-torches start-up; this method completely prevents the danger of water steam condensation in the arc chamber and all undesirable consequences of it.

There are analyzed the topical problems of methodological research in the area of philosophy of education. The author studies the character of interaction of the philosophical and scientific components, the relation between categories and general scientific concepts in the philosophy of education. There is emphasized the systemic principle of involvement of different parts of science, special science and philosophy for solving the topical theoretical and practical problems.

The author discusses paradigm as a phenomenon and the approaches to its study in the context of multiple levels, inherent aspects and categories among which the most important are: content, meanings, structure, the procedural peculiarities of functioning paradigmatic models in the conditions of the paradigm system and external Super System. The findings, acquired in the research process, are universal and can be taken into account in the studying and modeling paradigms in education.

The article deals with the trends in contemporary Russian education in view of global transformations and qualitative transformation of the Russian society. The key role of education is justified in solving the problems of modernization of Russia in the context of globalization. It is substantiated that the effective modernization of Russian society can be realized only under condition of close integration of science and education.

The author carries out a historical analysis of the problems of integration of the education content in close connection with the analysis of the general trend of integration of scientific knowledge in the history of scientific cognition. The article shows that the main direction of integration of science, technology and production in didactically adapted form will serve as the main provisions of integration of general and vocational education. The investigation of the possibilities of integration and differentiation of the content of initial vocational education allowed implementing integrative-modular approach to designing a new academic subject.

The aim of the article is to analyze the potential of the scientific-educational environment of the university as a factor of forming the students' humanitarian culture. There is given a definition of the concept of person's humanitarian culture. The humanitarian socio-cultural environment is designated as a factor of the humanitarian culture formation together with the culture-creative activity and interpersonal communication. The author emphasizes the inseparability and mutual influence of all factors. The process of forming the university students' humanitarian culture is considered in close connection with humanitarization of higher education. Analyzing the features of the scientific-educational environment of the university, the author turns to the problem of hidden curricula and proposes the ways of their humanitarization.

The article gives a brief analysis of the problem of the modern Russian education system. The author notices that still the main issue today is the formation of such paradigm of education, whose realization can provide successful socialization and adaptation of the person in the changing society. It is proved that one of the problems of reforming the modern education system is its inclusion in the united European educational space as a way of preserving the society and national culture on the basis of dialogue.

The article analyzes the state of the education system in the knowledge society and its possibilities, as well as those needs which the person and the society (represented by universities, employers and government) try to satisfy through the education. It is revealed that the contemporary education system is unable to meet the basic human needs of self-actualization and the management of one's own education. There is investigated such subsystem of education as business education, where these needs can be satisfied.

The system of education plays a keys role in forming the viable planetary cultural evolution. In the conditions of globalizing world, there are possible two different ways of integration of education systems: on the poly-cultural and the mono-cultural basis. In reality, the Bologna agreement initiates the globalization processes in education according to the mono-cultural (Western) version. However, together with this, in realization of these programs in different countries there must be formed the socio-culture models of education that take into consideration the specificities of culture, moral foundations, mentality of every country and nation. The problem consists in the necessity of preserving the unique content of educational models of every state but together with ensuring universality of the forms of educational system and relations.

The purpose of the article is to show that education as a social institute is formed in the life conditions of a particular society, being, on one hand, an important part of its identity, and, on the other hand, reproducing the system of the society's identity.
It is proved in the article that in Russia and in the West there have been formed traditional and adequate to the peculiarity of their life organization education systems, which differ from each other, as well as corresponding theoretical approaches to understanding of essence and purpose of education. It is shown that modernization process of domestic education by orientation to the «Western standards», which can be observed presently in Russia, destructively influences the reproduction of the Russian society identity.

The article is devoted to Hegel's understanding of education and educational reforms. The author notices that, being the rector of a gymnasium, during the period of educational reforms in Germany at the beginning of the XIX century, Hegel formulated the objectives, principles and problems of education in the process of creating his own philosophy. On the basis of Hegel's philosophy, the author shows that education is connected with the stages of development of a spirit. The idea is substantiated that education and educational reforms that promote revealing of the spiritual in the person have an absolute value. The author proves the topicality of Hegel's ideas at the stage of modern reforming of education in Russia.

The goal of the research is to formulate the preconditions of formation and development of autonomy as a personal disposition. The author shows that, among the factors of personal register, the leading part in the autonomy initiation are played by reflexivity, self-determination, strong-willed self-control, responsibility, professional identity, which, in turn, create a social-psychological space of trust and tolerance. There are presented the results of a social-psychological study confirming significant predictors for the development of personal autonomy

In the article, there is considered the specificity of identification of the person as an educational subject in the conditions of transformation of modern educational space. The main problem of the article is resulted from the contradictions between the traditional, subject-object and the new, subject-subject types of the educational relation. The specified contradiction is a consequence of appearance and development of a new kind of educational space, the electronic one, which is a specific result of informatization, computerization and globalization of education as a social system and a way of reproducing the life activity of the society. Finally, the author comes to conclusion that, in the conditions of integration of the traditional and electronic educational spaces, the process of identification of the person as an educational subject acquires some principally new characteristics.

The paper focuses on the educational potential for the development of the all-rounded personality, capable of responding to modernization challenges in modern Russia. It contains an analysis of the main reformation tendencies in the educational field. The author argues for the integration of traditional educational practices and international educational patterns which is necessary to create new educational modes satisfying the modern requirements. The author also characterizes the social-adaptive, innovation and axiological functions of education and defines their importance for the understanding of constantly changing circumstances and further adaptation in the transforming reality.

There is presented in the article a description of the process of introducing innovations that are based on the competency approach. There is identified the essence of the competence of the future teacher of mathematics in the plane geometry, its structure is revealed, the criteria, indicators and the levels of growth are specified. The presented structure of the competency in the plane geometry is developed on the basis of understanding of the essence of considered competency as a personal quality expressed in the existence of profound knowledge in the sphere of plane geometry and in the abilities to put them into practice. The model of increasing competence of the future teacher of mathematics in the plane geometry in the context of innovations is constructed

In this article there is analyzed the essence and structure of forming the competency of the interior troops military academy's graduate. There is carried out an analysis of the notion of competence and competency, formulated the main components of the professional competency of the indicated category of graduates on the basis of the Federal Education Standard. The general cultural and professional competencies are distributed over some educational subjects with the purpose of formation of the corresponding competencies of the graduates.

The authors analyze the problem of pedagogical training of teachers of higher military educational institutions connecting it with a number of factors. In the article the authors consider that the results of professional training depend on realizing and taking into account individual peculiarities of students, communicative skills of teachers and a store of pedagogical technologies. The application of a complex of methods and pedagogical technologies will settle the formed contradiction and the problem, the solution of which is precisely in the necessity of ensuring pedagogical training of military teachers to educational activities of higher military educational institutions.

For a long time, the developed countries have been successfully introducing the competency-based approach (CBA) in the education system. In many works published in Russia, there are given incorrect definitions to the concept of competence, which plays an important role in CBA; this significantly hinders the introduction of CBA into the education system of Russia. The author tries to correct this, offering a definition of this concept.

The author focuses attention on the origin of the term of competence and, turning to the history of language, derives the internal characteristic of the concept. Operating with the latter leads him to suggest supplementing the traditional design of the educational process (external design) with the so-called internal one.

In the article the author tries to reveal the essence of the professional mobility phenomenon. The problems of formation of professional mobility in the higher education system are considered.

In the article there are studied, on the basis of the system approach, the basic regularities and principles of professional-pedagogical training of the managing and teaching cadres in the military higher education institution. These regularities are realized as follows: in terms of organization - to provide a certain structure of the professional-pedagogical training, in the processual-pedagogical aspect - to create a complete educational complex integrating the entire educational potential of military higher education institutions, in the military-professional aspect  this enables to solve most completely the problems of conformity of preparation of managing and teaching cadres to the needs of the military-professional activity in the higher education institution.

In the article there are considered educational interaction and the personality of the contemporary pedagogue from the positions of philosophical approach. A thesis is substantiated that in the conditions of reforms of the contemporary Russian education the educational interaction and personality of the   pedagogue are undergoing significant deformations. By the opinion of the authors, they are connected with the actions of global tendencies, which change the nature of the teacher as an active subject of educational process. These changes are not always positive, which is a result of not only the conflict of the teacher and the reforming educational environment but are determined also by new educational needs of the society in general in the process of its transformation. As a result of the analysis, a conclusion is made that subjectivity of the teacher should acquire new characteristics, some of which are presented in the article.

The article describes the main scientific-philosophical aspects of legal education as a part of professional humanitarian education. There are revealed the basic parts of legal culture and legal awareness in legal education, which are necessary prerequisites for the formation of legal state.  There are discussed the elements and levels of legal culture and legal awareness, their structural components, the relations between them and the role and place of these legal phenomena in legal education.