Home – Home – Jornals – Russian Geology and Geophysics 2012 number 2

We present for the first time the mineralogical and isotope-geochemical pecularities of zircon and baddeleyite from various rocks of the economic ore-bearing Noril'sk-1 intrusion located in the northwestern part of the Siberian Platform. The ultramafic-mafic Noril'sk-1 intrusion hosts one of the world's major economic platinum-group-element(PGE)-Cu-Ni sulphide deposits.
A detailed study of crystal morphology and internal structure identify four zircon populations characterized by different U-Pb (SHRIMP-II) ages. The U-Pb ages of baddeleyite and the defined zircon populations cover a significant time span (from 290 ± 2.8 to 226.7 ± 0.9 Ma). The established U-Pb ages imply that crystallization of baddeleyite and zircon populations corresponds to several stages of protracted evolution of the ore-forming magmatic system (290 ± 2.8, 261.3 ± 1.6, 245.7 ± 1.1, 236.5 ± 1.8, and 226.7 ± 0.9 Ma, respectively) that served as a favorable factor for the accumulation of magmas and ores of unique scales and concentrations.

Along with eclogitized gabbro and gabbronorite bodies, boudinaged metaultramafites such as garnet-pyroxene rocks and orthopyroxenites were revealed in the Archean plagiogneiss strata of the Gridino complex. The garnet-pyroxene rock crope out as a boudin on Vysokii Island. The early stage of the rock evolution is documented by inclusions of diabantite (Fe-Si chlorite), a mineral that occurs in metasomatized peridotites. Diabantite was found in all rock-forming minerals in paragenesis with mineral phases enriched in REE (Ce, Nd, La, etc.), U, and Th. The confinement of ore phases to the inclusion rims and the development of two systems of cracks, radial and concentric, around the inclusions in pyroxenes point to the transformation of the inclusions after their trapping. Thermobarometric studies of the crystal cores revealed that the anhydrous paragenesis garnet + orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene, which replaced the chlorite-bearing rock, formed at ~690 ?C and ~17 kbar. The rims of the rock-forming minerals reflect isothermal decompression to ~12 kbar, which was followed by decompression cooling to ~650 ?C and ~9 kbar with the formation of regressive amphibole-garnet-pyroxene paragenesis. The giant-grained orthopyroxenites compose chains of boudinaged bodies on Izbnaya Luda Island. The orthopyroxene crystals host abundant amphibole, quartz, biotite, and pyrite inclusions pointing to amphibolite metamorphism at the early stage of the rock evolution. There are two types of amphibole: magnesian hornblende and anthophyllite. The hornblende is a primary mineral, whereas the low-temperature anthophyllite forming rims around the quartz inclusions was produced at the regressive stage of metamorphism. There are no indicators of the PT -conditions of the peak metamorphism in the orthopyroxenite. The reaction enstatite + quartz + H₂O = anthophyllite allows deciphering water activity of anthophyllite formation, a ≤ 0.5.

The Primorskii complex in western Cisbaikalia, formed in the Early Proterozoic at the postcollisional stage of the Siberian craton evolution, comprises rapakivi granites, equigranular biotitic and leucocratic granites, and alaskites. It is a K-rich granitoid assemblage with medium and elevated alkalinity, whose F, Ba, Pb, REE, Zr, Th, and Zn contents exceed the clarkes. The complex consists of three plutons: Bugul'deika-Anga, Ulan-Khan, and Trekhgolovyi, which formed in two intrusive stages. The evolution of the major-stage composition was marked by an increase in silica content, with a similtaneous increase in agpaite and Fe contents and a decrease in Na₂O/K₂O. The Bugul'deika-Anga and Trekhgolovyi plutons are the most contrasting in composition and crystallization conditions. The former originated from a weakly differentiated water-undersaturated melt, which crystallized at medium depths (P _tot = 3-4 kbar). The crystallization was not accompanied by considerable accumulation of granitophile elements (the concentration index (CI) of granitophile elements is ~3) in the leucogranites, except the alaskites, which crystallized in the upper part of the magma chamber (CI = 5). The Trekhgolovyi pluton originated from a leucogranitic melt enriched in Cs, Li, Rb, and Sn, which crystallized at a low P _tot (~2 kbar). The average contents of some elements in the leucogranites are higher than their clarkes in Ca-poor granites: by a factor of 4 for Sn, 3.8 for Th, 2.7 for Rb, 2.5 for Cs, and 2 for F (CI ? 9). The final-stage granites in the Trekhgolovyi pluton are associated with quartz-muscovitic (±topaz, fluorite) greisens, which contain cassiterite, columbite, ilmenorutile, wolframite, bismuthinite, and other minerals. The data suggest that the Trekhgolovyi pluton has a Sn potential.

We present results of U-Pb (SHRIMP II) geochronological study of the rocks of the Mukhal alkaline massif in the Vitim alkaline province, western Transbaikalia. The available K-Ar and Rb-Sr dates for the alkaline rocks (Saizhen complex) of the Vitim province, including the Mukhal massif, vary over a broad range of values. The obtained age of crystallization of the Mukhal urtites refines the time when the regional alkaline magmatism began. The age of zircons and magmatic processes within the Barguzin area (315-275 Ma) is close to the peak of main events, which occurred between 295 and 275 Ma. These processes took place at the early stage of evolution of the Late Paleozoic rift system in Central Asia, whose activity was associated with the activity of mantle superplume.

We present results of lithofacies, reservoir, geochemical, well logging, and petrophysical studies of the key section of the Vendian-Lower Cambrian Preobrazhenka productive horizon in the Lena-Tunguska province. We have considered the composition, structure, and formation conditions of the deposits as well as the intensity of postsedimentation processes and the rock geochemistry, petrophysics, and reservoir properties.

The resistivity pattern at the site of the "Crystal" underground nuclear explosion (Daldyn-Alakit district of Yakutia) of 1974 which led to an accident has been imaged using TEM data. The local background pattern corresponds to a three- or four-layer earth with a conductor at the base. The uppermost layer, with a resistivity of tens to hundreds of ohm·m, has its bottom at 190-260 m asl and consists of perennially frozen Late Cambrian carbonates. The resistivity structure of shallow subsurface at the blast epicenter remained unperturbed, though being subject to mechanic and thermal effects. The bottom of the second layer is at 20 to 190 m below the sealevel, and its resistivity is 7-10 ohm·m. It is composed of frost-bound and unfrozen cold rocks that belong to a Late Cambrian water-bearing sequence (an aquifer). The third and fourth layers make up the conducting base of the section (0.2-1.4 ohm·m), while the conductor's top matches the table of a Middle Cambrian aquifer. Anomalous transient response at the site prompts the existence of a local conductor possibly produced by highly saline waters in the containment cavity and in deformed rocks around it. However, the resistivity is too low (0.02 ohm·m) to be accounted for by any model available at the present state of knowledge. Another problem is to explain how the brines circulating at large depths might have reached the explosion cavity and the surrounding strained zones. The study has provided the first idea of the background resistivity distribution and its UNE-induced changes.

The article describes some methodological tools of investigation of the historical-demographic processes in the Western Siberia influenced by the health and morbidity rates. The main attention is given to the analysis of three methodological concepts: the theory of the traditional society modernization and the theories of demographic and epidemiological transition. The author proposes to combine in the research practice all three concepts to thoroughly investigate the object and subject matters.

There are characterized in the article the basic components of the «Siberian primary school» subject, which was presented on the pages of official pedagogical periodicals of the beginning of the XXth century such as «The Journal of the National Education Ministry» and «The National Education» journal. Focusing readers' attention on the features of the regional primary school, the central pedagogical periodicals included them in the general circle of problems connected with the development of the Russian education system.

The article presents the philosophical and methodological quest in the Russian historiography in the first half of the XIX century. The author analyzed the theoretical aspects of studying the historical processes. The scientific conclusions are made on the basis of the analysis of the scientific papers of the authors, which used a critical method.

The author examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of the philosophy of history of the New City, created by the prominent representatives of the historical science of the Russian emigration: G. Fedotov, F. Stepun, and N. Berdyaev. There is shown the relationship between their historical accounts and the methodology of interdisciplinary synthesis. An emphasis is made on the interaction in the philosophy of history and historiography of the New City participants between the historical comparative studies, hermeneutics, ethno-psychology, and cultural anthropology. A conclusion is made about the methodological innovativeness of the thinkers of the Russian religious renaissance, conditioned by the experience of living through the historical disasters such as world wars and revolutions, by the Decline of Europe intuition and the formation of a new era of world history

In the article there are identified and formulated the basic methodological ideas of the Academician M.V. Nechkina. Due to the fact that the theoretical issues in teaching history in the Soviet period were determined by the Marxist-Leninist methodology, the author's attention is directed to the specific methods and techniques of working in the classroom with a historical source, textbook, educational technology, developed by Milica Vasilyevna. Thus, the expediency is substantiated of using the experience of Soviet specialists in modern education.

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the usage of the descriptive-narrative method by S. M. Solovyov for the description of the historical personality and the image of the individual state in his works. Solovyov's works were created, in part, on the basic of personal sources. Furthermore, the personal sources had a subject and an object of the reality. In the works of S. M. Solovyov, the personal sources were a complex of factual data about the past.

The writings of the well-known Russian philosopher Nikolay Fyodorov, addressing the issue of museums, have drawn attention of a wide circle of professional museologists only in the post-soviet period.
Fyodorov considered the museum to be the last leftover of the veneration of the dead, a particular sort of this cult, which, being expelled from religion (as in Protestantism), rehabilitates itself in the museum.
The philosopher himself had worked as a librarian in the library of the Rumyantsev Museum for a quarter of a century and was a person who knew the peculiarities of the museum environment very well. He was ready to use museums for creation of a new religious movement, similar to the ways Roerich used painting and Leo Tolstoy, literature.

In the article there are revealed the cultural foundations of the Cold War, studied in the western and national historiography. The author considers the formation of new approaches to the origins of the Cold War, which study the problem in the perspective of the mental history. There are identified the main regularities of this process, which are typical for the modern western and national historiography.

The author considers the Polish medieval education, its stages and aspects on the example of the oldest university of the Eastern Europe, the Krakow (Jagellonsky) University. In the article there are discussed the most significant Polish historians of the XVI century who studied at the Krakow University; and there are investigated some controversial issues from the biographies of Martin Belsky and Maciej Stryjkowski, concerning their training at the Krakow University. The prospects of development of the research in this direction are specified.

The author analyzes the interrelation between the French royal court of the Louis XIV epoch (1643-1715) and the processes of education and enlightenment of the French society (and the entire European society) of the Early modern period. One of the functions of the court society in the period of Louis XIV government, being a kind of a «cultural center», was to serve as an example for the nation. The leading part in these processes was played by Louis XIV himself, who can be named a king-pedagogue and can be included among the enlightened monarchs. Due to a consistent policy towards the court, the king was able to solve not only the problems of representation and domestication of the nobility but also the cultural and educational problems.

There is considered the problem of usage of the visual sources at the history lessons for the development of motivation, cognitive activity and critical thinking of schoolchildren in the conditions of active introduction of information technologies. The possibilities of the political poster as an information resource on the pages of the history textbook are outlined; an algorithm of analysis of the political poster from the positions of a historical source is created; an example of usage of this algorithm in the educational practice is given. There are distinguished the directions of the methodical work of teachers with the visual historical sources at the history lessons.

The author shows the place of the history textbook in socialization of schoolchildren in modern information society, proposes the criteria of estimation of educational literature and its utility for working with controversial sources of historical information. It is demonstrated that the informative model of each textbook is implied in the character of its text, questions and tasks, algorithms of educational activity. Using the example of treating some arguable questions of history, the author describes various models of educational activity of senior pupils with historiographic materials presented in modern textbooks

The article analyzes the problem of conflicts in the educational system, considers the innovative (in terms of concept and content plans) for conflict resolution, the basic scientific approaches and concepts revealing the causal relationship of conflicts in the Russian and foreign educational systems.

In the article, there are analyzed the main social-psychological determinants of drug addiction among the teenagers; there are considered approaches of various researchers to the factors that form addicted behavior: infantilism, emotional disorders, anxiety, communication problems, and loneliness. The authors conclude that the drug addiction behavior is a complex phenomenon which is determined by many social-psychological factors.

The article presents an overview of the current research on motherhood in the personality psychology. The purpose of this article is to characterize the phenomenon of motherhood as a subject of study of the individual psychology of women. The author examines the approaches to the study of motherhood as a part of the personal sphere of women in relation to biological and social aspects of the phenomenon. It is theoretically proved that the social aspect of motherhood has a greater impact on the psychology of the individual women, realizing the biological motherhood.

There are substantiated the theoretical statements of the research on the essence of pedagogical rehabilitation; there is demonstrated the significance of rehabilitation in the adolescents' social development. The article presents the research results on the mechanism of influence of the process of pedagogical rehabilitation on the social development of the adolescents in the open, mixed and closed rehabilitation areas. The conclusions are made on the basis of analysis of the results, obtained by the author in the process of the decade-long research in the rehabilitation centers in the Novosibirsk Region, Altai and Khakassia Republics.

Using the practical materials of the typical test tasks of Unified State Examination, the author analyzes the formation of the value-related reference points and public norms. The author studies the basic content-related tendencies of the test tasks, reveals the problems and perspective aspects of improvement of the offered control materials.

The adoption institute with foreign participation is becoming more and more widespread in the application practice, engendering some contradictions between the norms and the concepts of the national states in the course of the international adoption regulation. The novelty and urgency of this legal phenomenon are connected with the society's aspiration to protect the interests of the child, left without parental support, by bringing in the resources of other states. However, the states, passing over their children to be brought up by foreign citizens, find themselves in a strategically difficult demographic situation.

In the present article, the philosophical, sociological, socio-psychological and pedagogical approaches to understanding the volunteer activity are analyzed on the basis of researching domestic and foreign experience of the volunteer activity. The author proposes her own approach to the volunteer activity in the sociological and pedagogical aspects, which gives an opportunity to make the concept more concrete.

The article gives a brief account of correlation between the level of moral development of the juveniles living in orphanages and those living in their own families. It is concluded that there is no evident difference between the level of moral development of the juveniles living in orphanages and those living in their families. Nevertheless, the juveniles living in orphanages have the following special features: their moral judgments are poorer; their verbal intelligence is lower; they have a trend to the lower level of emotional intelligence, especially the male juveniles; as compared with the juveniles from the families they have a greater gap between the morality concerning the others and the morality concerning themselves.

The article identifies the characteristics and nature of the relationship between scholars and masters in the early period of university history, reveals the contradictions between them. Referring to the original documents of the epoch, the author points out what problems troubled university students and their mentors, what kind of requirements they demanded of themselves and each other. On the basis of studying statutes and regulations of the medieval higher school, the analysis of university compositions of the XIII-th century (treatises, precepts, manuals), the basic conflicts of the academic community, factors of its integration and disintegration come to light, the specific mentality and the value-related orientations of the university environment are revealed.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the role of education in the worldview formation. The research object is the Catholic affiliations of Siberia in the end of the XIXth - the beginning of the ХХth century. The authors analyze the motivations for training, legitimacy of the confessional education process, the technique of teaching Scripture and some other educational subjects. There are made some conclusions on the specificity of religious education, influence of education on the trainees' mentality formation.

The paper analyzes the educational materials related to archeology for secondary general and higher educational establishments, reveals the specifics, role and meaning of the mythological material for studying archeology at school and the higher educational institution. These problems are regarded as very important in view of a controversial character of the archeological issue concerning the possibility of applying the mythological material and its connection with the material culture for the purpose of reconstructing the spiritual world of ancient communities.

This article attempts to interpret the ancient Iranian mythology using the example of the Indo-Iranian 'Bovine lament' myth. In the foundation of the myth there lies the social and ritual opposition of the priestly and warrior castes in the Indo-Iranian society. The analysis of Indian and Iranian mythological tradition allows us to assume that the main matter of dispute was the right of the cattle disposal.

The author analyzes the content and development of the basic forms of communication, depending on the interaction directionality, in the history of world art. In this article there are considered the specificity of art as one of the forms of existence of the person in the world and the features of the art language. There is shown the interrelation between the forms of communications and the historical processes and scientific discoveries. Thus, there is substantiated the interrelation of these processes with the processes of development of art and the forms of communication.

The article is devoted to revealing and characterizing the inter-stylistic and inside-the-genre interactions in art, which provide the functioning of the translation mechanism. The synchronic and diachronic analysis of the art types allows generating a new way of perception of such art phenomena as art synthesis and architectural order. A special attention is given to architecture as a dominate component in art synthesis. By virtue of considering this type of plastic arts, the role of codification system in communication processes is revealed.

In this article, on the basis of the semiotic-typological approach there is studied the problem of neo-mythological text in the aesthetics of Russian symbolism at the turn of XX century. The carried out analysis of the binary opposition of «mythology - literature» has revealed a dominating role of mythological code in the organization of the symbolist texts. The research results have led to a conclusion that Russian symbolists, while creating their texts, besides the traditional ways of convergence of mythological and literary codes, have developed an innovative way, which was realized in the art form of the novel-myth.

The purpose of the article is to generalize the research of the Russian historians and book specialists in the area of definition of the book culture term. The author analyses the basic definitions of the notion, which were formulated by the Russian specialists; and also observes the content and structure of the book culture, defines its basic elements. There is substantiated the necessity of inclusion of the components of the reading science into the book culture. The author gives some arguments concerning the need of further continuation of the research on the definition of the notion and describes the perspectives of such research.

The author analyzes the content and the meanings of the traditional culture, its significance in the modern world, and the special features of the development of the traditional components within the framework of the innovative cultural tendencies. In the article, there is studied the specificity of the image of trickster, which contains a potential possibility of transformation of the tradition and its dynamic development. The main characteristic features of the image of trickster, which illustrate its ability to perform its function, are the ability to change the social status, a specific trick-related behavioral model, and the ability to change its image. Thus, the trickster can change the reality of the tradition and transform its main paradigms.

In the article, in the context of description of the methodological problems of designing the new-generation, basic educational programs for architects, there is analyzed the possibility of resolving the contradictions by interpreting the eidetic foundations and the purposes of educational programs from the positions of critical thinking.

The article considers the problem of professional orientation at the modern stage of education development. The author suggests the using of a cluster approach to set up an integrated educational community which is connected by synergistic relations and which provides the conditions to form the professional orientation of pupils. Thus, there is substantiated the usage of the cluster approach for organizing the network communications of schools, which are realizing the profile education, with various social, economic and other institutes, whose common goal is to help the pupils to choose the profession.

The article posed the problem of professional inculturation of the architect student. The main thesis proves the importance of developing the methodology of architectural criticism in architect's educational program from a position of its operation importance as part of a professional culture in the processes of its reproduction and development.

The author analyses the system of training of recruits and soldiers in the Russian army in the second half of the 19th - the early 20th centuries. The article describes modes and methods of preparing young soldiers for the execution of military duties. The author delineates the period of training of young soldiers in the detachments of different branches of the army, the number of recruits under the supervision of an experienced soldier-teacher and the set of subjects taught in the training detachments.

The specificities of social and professional adaptation in the military collective are revealed in the article. The definition of the social-professional adaptation level is described as well. The criteria of young conscript servicemen's social and professional adaptability are suggested. The author reveals the peculiarities and the criteria of the forced, counter and resource adaptation of the conscript servicemen and also proves the importance of the subjective position of the young man during the process of his entering the military collective.