E. V. Spesivtsev1, S. V. Rykhlitskii1, V. A. Shvets2 1 Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences 2 Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk State University evs@isp.nsc.ru, rhl@isp.nsc.ru, shvets@isp.nsc.ru
Keywords: ellipsometric instruments, spectroscopic ellipsometry, thin films, fast processes
Pages: 5-12
The current status of ellipsometric methods and hardware tools developed at the Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences is considered. A unique static scheme for ellipsometric measurements is presented, which is used as a basis for instruments designed for various purposes: spectral and laser ellipsometers and also ellipsometers for local measurements. The capabilities of ellipsometric instruments are illustrated by results of studying various objects and fast processes. It is demonstrated that complete experiments can be performed with the use of static-type ellipsometers with determination of all parameters of partly depolarized light.
V. A. Shvets1, N. N. Mikhailov2, S. A. Dvoretskii2 1 Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk State University 2 Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences shvets@isp.nsc.ru, mikhailov@isp.nsc.ru, dvor@isp.nsc.ru
Keywords: molecular beam epitaxy, mercury cadmium telluride, heterostructures, IR photodetectors, ellipsometry, in-process control
Pages: 13-24
A retrospective analysis of growing of multilayered and variband structures based on the mercury cadmium telluride compounds by the method of molecular beam epitaxy with ellipsometric control and methodical developments in the field of ellipsometry of inhomogeneous structures is presented. Calculations are performed, and solutions of direct and inverse problems for some cases important for practice are obtained. The high accuracy of determining the thickness and composition of the layers in growing heterostructures of nanometer-scale thicknesses is demonstrated. In some cases, it is proposed to use the relative derivative of ellipsometric parameters measured in the course of growing the structure to increase the accuracy of solving the inverse problem. This procedure allows the profiles of the optical constants of structures with gradient compositions to be determined. Theoretical calculations for periodic layered structures are performed, and the possibility of their controlled growing is demonstrated in experiments.
V. A. Haisler, I. A. Derebezov, A. I. Toropov, I. I. Ryabtsev
Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences haisler@thermo.isp.nsc.ru, derebezov@thermo.isp.nsc.ru, toropov@thermo.isp.nsc.ru, ryabtsev@isp.nsc.ru
Keywords: vertical-cavity laser, miniature atomic frequency standard, single-photon emitter
Pages: 25-31
This paper presents a brief review of the progress in the development of two types of semiconductor emitters based on semiconductor Bragg microcavities. The first type of these emitters is a vertical-cavity laser based on AlxGa1−xAs. The laser demonstrates stable single-mode lasing ata wavelength of 795 nm, which opens prospects for its use in miniature atomic frequency standards on the basis of Rb87. The second type is a single-photon emitter based on semiconductor quantum dots. The design of such an emitter was developed on the basis of a semiconductor Bragg microcavity providing a high level of external quantum efficiency of the emitter (up to 80%) and high performance due to the Purcell effect.
A. E. Klimov, V. N. Shumsky
Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences klimov@thermo.isp.nsc.ru
Keywords: trapping centers, PbSnTe : In, injection from contacts
Pages: 35-42
Results of experimental studies presenting data on the effect of electron trapping centers on the properties of Pb1−xSnxTe : In with x ≈ 0.24-0.29 at temperatures below 20 K are described. A model is developed that consistently explains a number of phenomena in Pb1−xSnxTe : In solid solutions, including current-voltage characteristics in the absence of light resulting from the injection from contacts and space-charge limited current when electrons are captured in traps distributed in energy in the bandgap, photoelectric phenomena in the infrared and terahertz spectral ranges, features of galvanomagnetic phenomena, and fluctuations and autooscillations of current in the absence or presence of light.
E. A. Emel'yanov, D. F. Feklin, A. V. Vasev, M. A. Putyato, B. R. Semyagin, A. P. Vasilenko, O. P. Pchelyakov, V. V. Preobrazhenskii
Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences e2a@nsc/ru, fdf@isp.nsc.ru, vasev@isp.nsc.ru, puma@isp.nsc.ru, sbr@isp.nsc.ru, vap@isp.nsc.ru, pch@isp.nsc.ru, pvv@isp.nsc.ru
Keywords: molecular-beam epitaxy, molecular shape arsenic, short-period superlattice, IR photodetectors, reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED)
Pages: 43-51
The interaction of the GaSb(001) surface with fluxes of As2, As4, and Sb4 molecules is studied using reflection high-energy electron diffraction. It is shown that As2 molecules interact with a GaSb surface predominantly by an exchange mechanism, and As4 molecules by the vacancy mechanism. It is established that for the reproducible generation of In-Sb heterointerfaces in InAs/GaSb superlattices, one needs to use a flux of As4 molecules rather than As2 molecules.
A. K. Antonenko1, V. A. Volodin1, M. D. Efremov1, P. S. Zazulya2, G. N. Kamaev1, D. V. Marin1 1 Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk State University 2 Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences antuan@isp.nsc.ru, volodin@isp.nsc.ru, efremov@isp.nsc.ru, zazulya_ps@ngs.ru, kamaev@isp.nsc.ru, marin@isp.nsc.ru
Keywords: silicon, plasma oxidation, silicon oxide, ellipsometry, atomic-emission spectroscopy
Pages: 52-58
The plasma oxidation of a silicon surface in an inductive plasma generation reactor were studied using spectroscopic ellipsometry and atomic emission spectroscopy. The effect of inert gases on the formation kinetics of ultrathin SiO2 films is discussed. The effect of intense oxidation of Si in the plasma formed by nominally pure helium was found. It is suggested that this effect is due to the photostimulated acceleration of the reaction at the silicon-oxide interface by the intrinsic optical emission from the helium plasma.
S. N. Svitasheva1, G. A. Pozdnyakov2, D. V. Sheglov1, Y. V. Nastaushev1 1 Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences 2 Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences Svitasheva@thermo.isp.nsc.ru, georg@itam.nsc.ru, nast@thermo.isp.nsc.ru, Sheglov@thermo.isp.nsc.ru
Keywords: spectroscopic ellipsometry, atomic-force microscopy, diamond-like carbon films, MHD accelerator of the plasma
Pages: 59-66
A possibility of using a new method of film synthesis in a supersonic flow of a hydrocarbon plasma generated by a disk-type magnetohydrodynamic accelerator is demonstrated. Two methods are used for characterization of diamond-like carbon films: nondestructive spectroscopic ellipsometry and atomic-force microscopy.
V. V. Vlasov1, A. N. Sinyakov1, D. V. Pyshnyi1, S. V. Ryhlitskii2, V. N. Kruchinin2, E. V. Spesivtsev2, I. A. Pyshnaya1, E. V. Kostina1, E. D. Dmitrienko1, V. P. Bessmel'tsev3 1 Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences 2 Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences 3 Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences sinyakov@niboch.nsc.ru, pyshnyi@niboch.nsc.ru, rhl@isp.nsc.ru, kruch@isp.nsc.ru, evs@isp.nsc.ru, bessmelt@iae.nsk.su
Keywords: ellipsometry, biochips, label-free diagnostics, oligonucleotides, proteins
Pages: 67-77
The surface of biochips prepared on the basis of silicon wafers for studies of reactions of pre-immobilized oligonucleotides and protein molecules was analyzed by high-resolution scanning ellipsometry. The hybridization interactions of nucleic acid (duplex formation in the reaction of an amplicon of the influenza A virus matrix protein gene with probe molecules), sorption of protein molecules, and protein-protein interactions on the surface of the biochip were detected. It was shown that pre-sorption of gold nanoparticles led to greater efficiency of immobilization of protein molecules on the biochip. The experimental data suggest that that ellipsometry is a highly sensitive, nondestructive and inexpensive label-free method for the detection of the biochip surface, which is suitable for quantitative analysis of reactions of biomolecules.
D. O. Kuznetsov, E. G. Tishkovskii, D. M. Legan
Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences diokuz@thermo.isp.nsc.ru, tish@thermo.isp.nsc.ru
Keywords: ultimate efficiency, solar cell, GaAs/Si heterostructures
Pages: 78-81
The ultimate efficiency of a three-pin solar cell based on the GaAs/Si structure is calculated by means of numerical simulation in a diffusion-drift approximation. Dependences of the efficiency on the GaAs layer thickness and the density of dislocations threading in this layer, which are known to affect the lifetime of nonequilibrium charge carriers. It is shown that the maximum limit efficiency (27 %) of such a structure is reached at the GaAs layer thickness of about 1.4 µm and the density ofthreading dislocations of less than 106 cm−2.
S. N. Svitasheva, K. S. Zhuravlev
Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences Svitasheva@thermo.isp.nsc.ru, zhur@thermo.isp.nsc.ru
Keywords: spectroscopic ellipsometry, nitrides of triple compounds, polarity, molecular beam epitaxy, heterostructures
Pages: 82-87
Optical properties of Ga- and N-polar triple nitrides AlxGa1−xN with molar fractions of aluminum from 0 to 0.6 are studied by a nondestructive contactless method of spectroscopic ellipsometry. Correlation dependences of the shift of the fundamental absorption edge and the behavior of the real and imaginary parts of the pseudodielectric function on the composition x and polarity of the AlxGa1−xN layers are revealed. It is verified that the polarity of the layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy is defined by the formation of the AlN nucleating layer.
E. A. Mikhant'ev1, I. G. Neizvestnyi2, S. V. Usenkov2, N. L. Shvarts2 1 Novosibirsk State Technical University Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences 2 Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences mikhantiev@gmail.com, neizv@isp.nsc.ru, simsonic@ya.ru, nataly.shwartz@gmail.com
Keywords: silicon nanoclusters, modeling, Monte Carlo method
Pages: 88-97
The mechanism of formation of silicon nanoclusters in layers of nonstoichiometric composition is studied by Monte Carlo simulation. Interest in silicon nanoclusters (Si-nc) coated with an oxide layer is due to their applications in modern optoelectronics and nanoelectronics. A lattice Monte Carlo model is proposed to study atomic processes in the Si-SiO2 system. The formation of silicon nanoclusters during annealing of single SiO layers and SiO2-SiO-SiO2 layered structures is studied. Along with the diffusive motion of particles, the model takes into account the formation and collapse of mobile molecules of silicon monoxide. It is shown that accounting for transport of silicon under high-temperature annealing due to the motion of SiO accelerates the formation of Si-nc. Dependences of the size of nanoclusters on temperature, annealing time, and the composition of the SiOxlayer are obtained. It is found that annealing of silica films containing layers of nonstoichiometric composition can lead to the formation of silicon nanoclusters or cavities.
M. N. Kazantseva
Institute of the Problems of the Development of the North SB RAS MNKazantseva@yandex.ru
Keywords: Middle Territory of the Ob basin, green moss forest, oil pollution, salinization, underflooding, live ground cover, total projective cover, biological diversity, productivity
Pages: 789-796
Analysis of the state of live ground cover of green moss forests in the middle and northern taiga of West Siberia under the action of various factors of oil production is presented. These factors include oil pollution of land, salinization, underflooding by underground water. The action of these factors causes the consequences that are negative for the phytocoenosis: a decrease in total abundance and the biological productivity of the plants in the live ground cover, a decrease in taxonomic abundance, changes of the role of separate species and groups of plants in the phytocoenosis.
L. T. Krupskaya1, V. P. Zvereva2 1 Institute of Mining FEB RAS 2 Far East Institute of Geology FEB RAS eco@igd.khv.ru, zvereva@fegi.ru
Keywords: objects of environment, waste, technogenic pollution, bioindicators
Pages: 797-803
Evaluation of the effect of wastes from tin ore processing on the objects of environment is presented. Measures aimed at the provision of ecological and social safety are proposed.
E. V. Yakovleva, V. A. Beznosikov, B. M. Kondratenok, A. A. Khomichenko
Institute of Biology Komi Science Center RAS kaleeva@ib.komisc.ru, kaleeva@ib.komisc.ru, kaleeva@ib.komisc.ru, kaleeva@ib.komisc.ru
Keywords: benz(a)pyrene, pollution, genetic toxicity, soil, plants, adaptation
Pages: 805-812
This work surveys the genetic toxicity of benz(a)pyrene added to soil for Tradescantia plants (clon 02). Different adaptation levels of Tradescantia (02) to soil pollution with benz(a)pyrene have been estimated. Plant adaptation was not observed at the morphological level, but found for the physiological and genetic (with every adaptation stage) levels. The products of benz(a)pyrene metabolism act as auxin on plants influencing the growth of root biomass and the cell size.
A. V. Soromotin
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:123:"Research Institute of Ecology and Rational Manаgement of Natural Resources at Tyumen State University asoromotin@mail.ru";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: oil production, technogenic action, stages of deposit development, Tyumen Region
Pages: 813-822
Major kinds of the technogenic action of oil and gas production on the ecosystems of taiga forests in the Tyumen Region at all the stages of deposit developments - exploration, construction, extraction, abandonment - are considered on the basis of the statistical data and the results of own long-term field investigations. The most severe negative consequences at each stage are determined.
M. D. Evdokimenko
V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS institute_forest@ksc.krasn.ru
Keywords: pine forests, wild fires, fire damages, hydrothermal soil regime, xylogenesis, productivity of tree stands, age dynamics
Pages: 823-833
Pine forests of Zabaikalie region growing under rainless climate are remarkable for high inflammability. Forest fires increase the limiting role of moisture in tree growth. The outward diagnostic signs were determined which characterize the xylogenesis state of trees damaged by fire. Pyrogenic fluctuations of the year-to-year tree rings are illustrated in the paper. The process of digression dynamics of pyrogenic tree stands was monitored as well. Their reparation potential becomes weaker with ageing. As a result of the permanent effect of the pyrogenic factor, the productivity of pine forests in Transbaikalia is 1.5-2 times lower than that of the pine forests in the Priangarie region.
A. M. Danchenko, I. A. Bekh
Tomsk State University; Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems SB RAS planta@mail.tomsknet.ru, planta@mail.tomsknet.ru
Keywords: productivity, clearing cutting, reforestation, forest-formers, dynamics of planted stands
Pages: 834-842
Prediction of intensification and directional development of the actions in forestry aimed at the formation of the forests of future is given, relying on the zonal typological features of the taiga forests of West Siberia and dynamic processes that occur in them.
S. S. Kostishin1, O. O. Perepelitsa2, O. I. Smetanyuk2
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:150:"1 Chernovtsy National University nаmed after Yuriy Fedkovich 2 Bucovinian State Medical University perepelutsya@rambler.ur";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: absorption, fluorides, plants, ecological factors
Pages: 843-849
The studies of fluoride content in the system ground-plant were made to establish the regularities in fluoride absorption by herbaceous plants of meadow biotopes of Norrthern Bucovina. The ecological groups of plants with different level of fluoride absorption were determined according to the complex of criteria. A plant-concentrator Chamaerion angustifolium (L.) Holub was singled out.
G. G. Suvorova, M. V. Oskorbina, L. D. Kopytova, L. S. Yan'kova, E. V. Popova
Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS suvorova@sifibr.irk.ru, suvorova@sifibr.irk.ru, suvorova@sifibr.irk.ru, suvorova@sifibr.irk.ru, suvorova@sifibr.irk.ru
Keywords: conifers, net photosynthesis, chlorophyll, environmental factors
Pages: 851-859
Seasonal changes of the photosynthesis activity and the concentration of green pigments in the needles of common pine Pinus sylvestris L. and Siberian spruce Picea obovata Ledeb. depending on the environmental factors are studied. Under the extremely dry conditions, the daily maximal of photosynthesis are regulated by the level of water content in needles and the concentration of green pigments. Under optimal watering, the concentration of pigments depends on soil temperature. The efficiency of chlorophyll functioning under optimal watering is 2-6 times higher than under the dry conditions.
Y. N. Ilyichev1, L. A. Ignat'ev2, S. Y. Artymuk2 1 West Siberian Branch of the V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS 2 Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry SB RAS tarhan8@mail.ru
Keywords: forest fire, clear felling, soil ecological factors, reforestation
Pages: 861-869
The influence of fire events and forest cutting on the soil and ecological factors of reforestation in the pine forests of the Middle territory of the Ob basin was studied. It was revealed that potassium content increased, pH shifted toward the neutral values, humus (detritus) content decreased in the upper layer of the sod-podzol soil of cutover patches. The fell trussing after fire caused some increase in the temperature of the upper soil horizons, while the temperature of over-soil air increased by a factor of 1,5-2. Sometimes temperature reached the critical level for the emerging seedlings causing their death. The humidity of the upper soil level increased with respect to the reference up to 10 %. In general, the ecological factors on forest cuttings correspond to the conditions of natural reforestation.
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:43:"O. V. Kvitko, Е. N. Muratova, Е. V. Bazhina";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"text";}
V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS kvitko@ksc.krasn.ru
Keywords: Abies sibirica, karyotype, mixoploidy, chromosome rearrangements, pathologies of mitotic cycle, micronuclei
Pages: 871-878
The cytogenetic study of Abies sibirica seed progenies in decline fir stands of West Sayan High Mountains was carried out. The chromosome and genome mutations, pathologies of mitotic cycle and cells with micronuclei were recorded with high frequency. The revealed irregularities might be a result of the long-term exposure to extreme environmental factors and they probably reflect the high level of West Sayan highland forest ecosystems decline.
T. I. Bokova, I. V. Vasil'tsova
Novosibirsk State Agricultural University indicator07@mail.ru, indicator07@mail.ru
Keywords: birch buds, birch elaves, lead, cadmium, antioxidant activity, rats
Pages: 879-884
Lead and cadmium migration was studied in the system: biologically active plant raw material - extract. Antioxidant activity and detoxication ability of the extracts of birch buds and leaves was studied in pattern experiments with rats.
G. G. Zhilyaev
Institute of Ecology of the Carpathian Mountains NAS of Ukraine ggz.lviv@gmail.com
Keywords: population, subpopulation locus, vitality, vital state, viability, ontogeny
Pages: 885-893
Long-term (1974-2009) monitoring of the regularities of sub-population arrangement of Soldanella hungarica Simonk. (Primulaceae) was performed in the plant community of Mugetum luzulosum in the Carpathian Mountains. The basic principles of the formation and dynamics of subpopulation loci were revealed. It was concluded that the non-uniformity of the illuminance of mountain pine elfin woodland causes the matrix of micro-habitats over which the subpopulation loci with their specific composition and dynamics are formed. Arguments in favor of the fact that the vital heterogeneity of loci is the most important prerequisite of the conservation of homeostasis vitality of naturalistic populations of plants are presented.
I. V. Tikhonova
V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS selection@forest.akadem.ru
Keywords: dwarfism of growth, adaptation, morphological variability, bearing
Pages: 895-902
Dwarf and typical trees of the population of Pinus silvestris L. in the Shirinskaya forest-steppe are compared in the variability of vegetative and generative organs, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of bearing. Special attention is paid to the investigation of the correlation structure of indices in the samples under comparison. It is established that the dwarf pines are characterized by high variability of the size and qualitative characteristics. In spite of the low reproductive potential of dwarf trees, some individuals are distinguished by regular and abundant bearing. They are characterized by the higher correlation of signs and tendency to gonochorism. In spite of the generally small contribution from dwarf individuals into the reproduction of pine population, it is quite corresponding to the small area occupied by rocks at the territory under study. Some individuals are distinguished by the high reproductive potential and can be used to solve the problems of selection.
N. G. Solomonov, N. I. Germogenov, A. P. Isaev, N. S. Karpov
Institute of Biological Problems of Cryolitozone, SB RAS bio@ibpc.ysn.ru, bio@ibpc.ysn.ru, bio@ibpc.ysn.ru, bio@ibpc.ysn.ru
Keywords: A. K. Kayander, B. R. Poppius, I. Koren, R. Amundsen, G. Sverdrup, North-East of Asia
Pages: 903-908
The outstanding role of leading Scandinavian researchers at the beginning of the XX century - I. T. Nordensheld, A. K. Kayander, B. R. Poppius, I. Koren, R. Amundsen and G. Sverdrup in the investigation and development of the regions of North-Eastern Asia is revealed. The deeds of these researchers will always remain in the grateful memory of people.
This is the review of joint research executed during last 30 years at Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia and Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS on the problem of gas-dynamic and contaminating impact of exhaust plume of orientation thrusters and systems of refueling on spacecraft and space stations.
V.I. Petoshin, E.A. Chasovnikov
Chaplygin Siberian Research Institute of Aviation (SibNIA) echasovnik@gmail.com
Keywords: models of passenger aircraft, harmonic oscillations, normalized frequency, high angle of attack, experimental data, complexes of aerodynamic derivatives
Pages: 359-368
A systematic analysis has been performed for many-years experimental data obtained in the wind tunnel T-203 (SibNIA) for testing the models of passenger and transport aircraft for the case of harmonic oscillation at the pitch angle for low subsonic velocities. The key features of behavior of aerodynamic derivatives coefficients and dependencies of current values of normal force coefficient and longitudinal moment coefficient on the angle of attack have been demonstrated for the stalling modes of streamlining. It was demonstrated that at near-critical angles of attack, we have a strong dependency of aerodynamic derivatives of pitch moment on the normalized oscillation frequency for the range of natural values; this makes the traditional mathematical model of aerodynamic loads (uses the aerodynamic derivatives at fixed frequencies of oscillation) unfit for the considered scope of experimental tasks.
An experimental study of the flow over a single open shallow cavity is reported. Pressure fluctuations were measured using two cavity models at free-stream Mach numbers 0.3, 0.5, and 0.6. At certain conditions, resonance of acoustic waves inside cavity with disturbances in the shear layer over cavity was observed. Pressure fluctuation characteristics were analysed using Fourier, wavelet, and Hilbert - Huang transforms. Those methods have allowed us to accurately examine the transition of the flow over cavity into resonant state.
An open-type pressure recovery system (PRS) for chemical oxygen-iodine laser was designed and fabricated. As a first stage, an active diffuser was used in which the ejecting gas supply was organized through nozzles disposed around the channel periphery. The second stage was a supersonic ejector. Numerical simulation data for the viscous turbulent flow with heat release through the diffuser gas-dynamic channel, and also data obtained by testing the active diffuser in operation on a model facility equipped with a vacuum chamber, are reported. The obtained data were used to develop a full-scale setup with exhaust of laser gas into the atmosphere; this has allowed us to optimize the performance characteristics of the setup and substantially improve its mass-dimensional characteristics. Special attention was paid to parameter matching and synchronization of laser start with the operation of PRS components.
On the basis of experimental research and numerical simulation, flow regularities in a 50-millimeter hydrocyclone with injector have been revealed. It is shown that the injected liquid comes out mostly through the lower outlet. At tangential injection toroidal vortex impeding main flow discharge through the lower outlet is formed.
A physical-mathematical model of the heat and mass exchange process and condensation capture of sub-micron dust particles on the droplets of dispersed liquid in a sprayer scrubber is proposed and analysed. A satisfactory agreement of computed results and experimental data on soot capturing from the cracking gases is obtained.
The process of wave formation in the falling films of liquid nitrogen was simulated numerically in the framework of the hydrodynamic model of Kapitsa ⎯ Shkadov. The typical wave characteristics were calculated for different inlet Reynolds numbers. The effect of parameters of small initial perturbations on wave formation was studied. Satisfactory agreement of numerical simulation results and experimental data is shown.
S.N. Yakovenko1, K.C. Chang2 1 Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University 2 National Cheng-Kung University yakovenk@itam.nsc.ru
Keywords: Rayleigh - Taylor instability, surface tension model, volume fraction function
Pages: 433-445
The surface tension effect is introduced according to the continuum model for the surface tension force. A smooth variation of the mollified function of the volume fraction (the color function) across the interface between immiscible fluids occurs due to the convolution of the original color function with the smooth kernel function. The polynomial eighth-degree kernel formulated for plane two-dimensional flows bounded by solid walls or symmetry planes is tested for the Rayleigh - Taylor instability problem.
The mathematical modelling of unsteady regimes of natural convection in a closed cylindrical region with a heat-conducting shell of finite thickness was carried out in the presence of a local heat source under the conditions of convective heat exchange with the ambient medium. The mathematical model was constructed in dimensionless variables "stream function - vorticity vector - temperature" in the cylindrical coordinate system. The influence of the Rayleigh number, 104 ≤ Ra ≤ 106, of the unsteadiness factor 0 < τ < 300, of the thermal conductivity ratio λ2,1 = 5.7·10−4, 4.3·10−2, and the energy source sizes on both local characteristics (streamlines and temperature fields) and on the integral complex (the mean Nusselt number on typical boundaries) was analysed in detail. Thermohydrodynamic peculiarities due to the geometry of the object of research were established.
The single-phase Stefan problem was modelled numerically in approximation of the classical solution in application to melting of a flat semitransparent sample by radiant-conductive technique in a wide range of emissivity of the phase transition front.
M.A. Guzachev1, N.YU. Konstantinova1, P.S. Popel1, A.G. Mozgovoy2 1 Ural State Pedagogical University 2 Joint Institute of High Temperature RAS mag85@bmail.ru
Keywords: bismuth-lead melts, kinematic viscosity, viscous flow activation energy, microheterogeneity
Pages: 469-475
Measurement results for temperature dependences of kinematic viscosity in Bi-Pb melts are presented. Measurements were carried out in the temperature range between liquidus and 1400 K. The distinctive feature of experiments was their performance at heating after sample melting and further cooling. On the experimental temperature dependences of kinematic viscosity the values of viscosity at fixed temperature and activation energy of viscous flow have been calculated. Special attention was paid to non-coincidence of the curves obtained at heating and cooling. The specified anomaly is explained by the concept of metastable micro-coherence of the studied melts.
V.G. Zverev1, V.A. Nazarenko2, A.V. Teploukhov2 1 Tomsk State University 2 FSUE Moscow Institute of Heat Technology zverev@niipmm.tsu.ru
Keywords: thermophysical characteristics, coefficient inverse problem of heat conductivity, semi-infinite solid, one- and two-layer plates
Pages: 477-486
On the basis of the solution to the coefficient inverse problem of heat conductivity we have proposed a method for determination of thermophysical characteristics of material according to temperature measurement in its depth as an approximation of semi-infinite solid, plate of finite thickness, and plate with a layer of ideal conductor at thermal effect of constant power on their surface. The method does not require experimental data smoothing, serves to remove restrictions for heating mode selection, and increases accuracy of thermophysical parameters determination.
Gas-dynamic and thermal characteristics of the gas flow in the flow part of a small-scale plasma-chemical reactor for trichlorbiphenyl decomposition were calculated numerically. The investigations were performed with no regard to the chemical interaction of the components: in the calculations, the treated substance was replaced by a simulator (water steam), water steam was also used as an oxidant. Mathematical model of the flow is based on the complete system of Navier - Stokes equations in the context of axisymmetric task statement, with due regard to the gas flow swirling. The calculation results enabled us to choose the optimum geometrical parameters of the reactor design.
O.M. Oyewola1, S.M. Adaramola2, S.K. Fasogbon3 1 School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ibadan 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University ooyewola@yahoo.com
Keywords: turbulence, structures, suction, boundary layer, Reynolds number
Pages: 497-500
The paper considers the evolution of turbulent kinetic energy in a turbulent boundary layer perturbed by suction. The results show that the boundary layer equilibrium is altered in a non-linear manner due to suppression of the structures near the wall. The behavior, however, suggests that the wavelength of alteration of the equilibrium of the layer is unaffected by a change in Reynolds number and suction rate.
Formation of a liquid film on the surface of a cylinder with microtexture was studied visually. The effect of microtexture on evolution of waves on the surface of viscous liquid falling over the outer surface of a vertical cylinder under the action of gravity depending on Reynolds number is shown. The phenomenon of microwave formation on the film surface was determined; the size of these waves is comparable with the microtexture pitch.
