Home – Home – Jornals – Region: Economics and Sociology 2011 number 2

The paper presents the first comprehensive geochemical data, obtained by modern techniques, on the dispersed organic matter (OM) of the Cambrian sediments in the Upper Proterozoic-Paleozoic Cis-Yenisei sedimentary basin (parametric wells Vostok-1 and Vostok-3). The carbonaceous rocks of the Churbiga and Paidugina Formations have been established to be the most OM-enriched in the studied Cambrian sections. The OM in these sections is of aquagene (bacterial, plankton-derived) origin. The detailed characteristics of biomarker hydrocarbons has been given for the fraction of saturated hydrocarbons. Also, the high degree of OM catagenesis (apocatagenesis) has been established. Finally, geochemical criteria for predicting the petroleum potential have been considered.

Study of the Holocene sediments of Lake Beloe (West Siberia) in the depth range 0-137 cm gave an insight into the transformation of organic matter (OM) at the early stages of diagenesis. Analysis of OM was performed by pyrolytic methods (Rock Eval and pyrolysis + chromato-mass spectrometry). It showed that the macromolecular aliphatic structure of the kerogen and the precursors of sterane and hopane geomolecules - sterenes and hopenes - form at the early stages of diagenesis. We suggest that macrophytes and bacteria are the main sources of OM for the lacustrine sediments.

The Dongshen uranium deposit, localized in the northern Ordos Basin in north-central China, is among the largest deposits of this type in China. It occurs in the sandstones of the Middle Jurassic Zhiluo Formation. The crystalline rocks of the Yinshan and Daqingshan orogenic belts in the northern Ordos Basin are the source of uranium for the deposit. The Dongsheng deposit shows the main characteristics of a sandstone uranium deposit of interstratal oxidation zone, including specific hydrothermal rock alteration. It displays distinct lithologic and mineral zoning. The sandstones of the oxidation zone are variegated and oxidized, and the sandstones of the reduction zone are gray and light gray medium- to coarse-grained and underwent albitization, carbonatization, chloritization, epidotization, pyritization, etc. Ore-bearing sandstones occur in the transitional oxidation-reduction zone, being confined mainly to the reduction zone. Uranium minerals are predominant high-temperature coffinite and subordinate brannerite and uraninite. The homogenization temperature of fluid inclusion in the sandstone cement is 150-160 °C. The performed geological analysis suggests that the hydrothermal alteration of the uranium deposit is intimately related to the synchronous Mesozoic regional magmatic events in the Ordos Basin.

Platinum mineralization has been studied within two zoned clinopyroxenite-dunite massifs of the Urals Platinum Belt. Within the Svetloborsky massif, platinum group minerals (PGM) occur directly in serpentinized dunite. The ore-forming system demonstrates the features of an early evolutionary stage: a significant portion of PtFe alloys belongs to ferroan platinum; native osmium is depleted in Ir; an isoferroplatinum-osmium paragenesis is present. Within the Kamenushinsky massif, PGM are genetically related to chromitite and belong to the late-magmatic stage of the ore-forming system evolution: osmium and isoferroplatinum are rich in Ir; both isoferroplatinum-osmium and isoferroplatinum-iridium magmatic parageneses are present. The elevated Pt in the dunite of the Svetloborsky massif and in the chromitite of the Kamenushinsky massif is the result of two events: the primary-magmatic crystallization of PGM and later hydrothermal overprint.

The Cheder meteorite, found 23 km south of Kyzyl, has been studied in terms of mineral composition and internal structure. Structurally, it is a medium octahedrite, which measures 26 × 9 × 8 cm and weighs 5.39 kg. Its surface is streamlined and features flow lines. One of the sides, probably that facing the flight direction, features regmaglypts and a sinuous cavern (9 × 1.5 cm). The meteorite consists of kamacite admixed with taenite. The inside of Widmanstatten bands is of complex kamacite-taenite composition and flanked by taenite lamellae. Phosphides are present in kamacite in small amounts as variously sized and shaped bodies. They are divided into three types depending on the Ni/Fe ratio. Small shapeless wormlike grains, which are usually assigned to rhabdites, consist of nickelphosphide (Ni-rich variety). All the minerals in the meteorite contain Co (up to 67 wt.%) and, sometimes, Cu and P (slightly above the detection limit). The total PGE content of the meteorite is several times higher than that of chromitites, which are one of the terrestrial PGE sources. The REE in the meteorite are dominated by HREE. The total REE content of the meteorite is lower than that of chondrite C 1 by two orders of magnitude.

The studied massifs in western Transbaikalia (Arsent'ev and Orongoi) are composed of pyroxenites, high-Ti subalkalic gabbro, gabbro-diorites, monzodiorites, anorthosites, and syenites. The Orongoi massif also includes small olivinite and plagioperidotite bodies. The gabbroids have high contents of Sr, Ba, Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf, which is typical of intraplate basites. The REE pattern shows the rock enrichment in LREE (La/Yb_N = 5.35-25.82). The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values vary from 0.7050 to 0.7054, and ε_Nd, from 1.44 to -1.18. The presence of radiogenic Nd in the gabbroids and their enrichment in ⁸⁷Sr suggest their formation as a result of the melting of the EM-II-type lithospheric mantle.

The subaqueous sediments of the first terrace above the Ob' River floodplain near the town of Kolpashevo are referred to as the Sartan cryochron. New data show that they formed mainly in the Early and Middle Holocene. The key section is on the right bank of Novoil'inskaya Staritsa - a branch of the Ob' River 10 km south of Kolpashevo. Radiocarbon dating of the peat at the terrace base yielded an age of 10,200 ± 55 years, which is close to the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary. The studied sample from the middle section has a ¹⁴C age of 5870 ± 55 years corresponding to the Atlantic Holocene optimum. The palynological data confirm the geologic structure of the section - the recognized spore-pollen spectra distinctly mark the first half of the Holocene and reflect the landscape changes. The results obtained help to refine stratigraphic charts and maps of Quaternary deposits and reconstruct the landscapes (including geochemical ones) and lithologo-facies and neotectonic conditions.

A 3-D model of the seismic heterogeneities of P - and S -velocities has been constructed down to 1100 km beneath the Kurile-Kamchatka and Aleutian subduction zones on the basis of the regional tomographic inversion of data from global seismic catalogs. Particular attention is paid to verifying the data by different tests. A clear image of a classic subducting oceanic slab is observed along the entire Kurile-Kamchatka arc, which coincides in the P - and S -models and with the distribution of deep seismicity. These data served as a basis for a parametric model of the upper and lower slab boundaries beneath the Kurile-Kamchatka arc. According to this model, the slab has various thicknesses and maximum penetration depths in different arc segments. In the southern part of the arc, between depths of 600 and 700 km, the slab moves horizontally and does not penetrate the lower mantle. Beneath the North Kuriles and southern Kamchatka, it subducts down to 900 km. These data suggest that the subducting slab becomes a viscous and nonelastic body and the changes in its shape may be due to phase transitions with increasing temperature and pressure. We attribute its gentler dipping and thickening beneath the South Kuriles to the oceanic "pushing" mechanism. The lithospheric thinning, steeper subsidence, and penetration into the lower mantle beneath the North Kuriles are due to the predominant "gravity sinking," or "slab pull," mechanism.
Unlike some other researchers, we have obtained a high-velocity anomaly beneath the western Aleutian arc (not as clear as beneath the Kurile-Kamchatka arc, yet quite reliable). It suggests the presence of a slab subducting down to 200-250 km. In the eastern Aleutian arc, we clearly observe the Pacific slab subducting down to 500-600 km (somewhat deeper than in the previous studies).

Terrigenous reservoirs are studied by a joint analysis of processes of various physical nature. This study is urgent because new methods for formation evaluation (first of all, permeability) from electric and electromagnetic logging data are required. We propose a method for the complex processing and interpretation of time-lapse well logging electromagnetic measurements, which show the dynamics of processes in the well influence zone. The constructed electrohydrodynamic model of the borehole environment is used to estimate the hydrophysical (petrophysical) parameters of the formation.

Active fault zones are considered open systems. Tectonic stress energy accumulated and redistributed in the areas of its active dynamic influence under the action of various energy sources is spent mainly in slow tectonic and discrete rapid seismic dissipative processes. Based on the results of physical modeling of the formation of a large fault zone, the spatial and temporal relations between tectonic and seismic dissipative processes are analyzed and their controlling factors are estimated. Tectonic and seismic dissipative processes are in particular spatial and temporal relations during the structural evolution of the fault zone and occur in antiphase. As a rule, the maximum development of one process coincides with the minimum occurrence of the other, and these moments correspond to the beginning or end of stages, phases or other shorter evolutionary periods. Depending on the scale of the deformation process, the frequency of repeatability of these periods determines the periodicity of activation of tectonic and seismic dissipations and their spatial features.

The paper considers trends and perspectives of spatial transformations taken place in the Russian economic space. The tasks of the strategic spatial development in Russia are formulated here.

The criticism of inter-sectoral models made under a «dinosaurs become extinct» slogan proves to be groundless. The paper presents the information about the inter-sectoral models of spatial development worked out and applied by IEIE SB RAS. A special focus is on new elements, i.e. innovations, included into such models which allow extending a research sphere of economic spatial structures.

There are some new elements in modeling a Russian transport space. The first one is the fact that a core transport network model, which includes different transports competed with each other, is applied, and the second one - how it is applied, i.e. through adding geo-information technologies with visualization of input-output data, which allows simultaneous operation of many users and their more active participation in the analysis and comparison of different hypotheses about the transport development in the country.

Intergovernmental relations could be regarded as an integral component of the social and economic life of any country and its budget system. In the author's opinion, how such relations may develop depends on the key factors: at what stage of democratization the country is; how effective the federal relations and targeting are; and whether governments are sufficiently provided with resources.
Keywords: intergovernmental relations, democratization, federalism, targeting, budget authorities

The paper analyzes a range of regional indicators and composite indices characterizing the development in the subjects of the Russian Federation over 2000-2007 and 2008-2010. We offer a technique based on the spatial and temporal laws of socio-economic development and designated for building generalized curves (genotypes) to describe regional development. We also present our forecasts of how the RF multiregional system could develop within the context of the given genetic scenario.

The paper shows that the mathematical tools of Voronoi diagrams, previously used only in natural sciences, may be used in economic studies too. We analyze how such Voronoi diagrams may correspond with the political division of any RF subject, distribution of powers in branches of a large corporation, and dynamics of the demographic potential.

The paper compares the data of the representative opinion polls carried out in the USA, the EU and Russia concerning the issues of how the world crisis of 2008-2009 influenced the life of individuals and their families. We can state that labour problems were experienced by the people from all the said countries. In Russia, in comparison with the USA, it is the people's everyday consumption that the crisis affected substantially since most of the Russian households had had practically no assets or market involvement. Our main conclusion is that the systemic weaknesses of the economy but not the crisis entail such problems.

The data of the public opinion poll carried out in the Belgorod Oblast shows a character of mutual assistance networks of the community. Social capital, i.e. informal relationships, is intensively used by the population of this region to solve their different vital problems. Mutual assistance practices are widely spread among relatives and good friends and less - among colleges and neighbours. Social resources of the non-governmental, religious and clannishness' associations are minimally popular with the population. Different labour assistances dominate such mutual assistance networks. The significant shares of psychological and informational support as well as a moneyed assistance are observed.

In the article there are considered the essence and conditionality of implementation of the competence-based approach to the educational process of the teachers training. There are outlined the methodological approaches and principles of the teachers training process.

The article raises the problem of understanding the axiological status of the text competence which determines the quality of the text activity, so topical in the conditions of modern socio-cultural situation. The text competence is seen as a system of sub-competences which correlates with certain stages of the rhetorical canon, which is recognized today as an effective technology of the text-formation.

The article substantiates some value-related reference points in modern Russian philological education, which have been formed in the conditions of the competence-based approach. The main attention hereby is paid to the problem of formation and development of the textual competence of the future specialists-philologists. This is the quality which is more and more on demand in many fields of professional activities. The work represents an attempt of integrated approach to the problem of the textual competence formation, which presupposes combining efforts in many spheres of humanitarian knowledge.

The article aims at doing research into possibilities of regenerative technologies in forming responsible behaviour of the elderly, when receiving their education. The article is devoted to the problem of building the competence of responsible behaviour in the context of developing the competency-building approach in gerontological education. The principles and contents of the process of forming responsible behaviour of the elderly during their study at People's Faculty at university are considered. The authors prove the possibility of applying regenerative technologies in building the competence of responsible behaviour within the framework of gerontological educational space.

The article raises a question on the place of grammar oriented towards language activities in developing philological competence. Theoretical basics and principles of practical activities' organization are considered within one of the central linguistic courses - morphology of modern Russian language. Ways to use achievements of modern linguistics in modeling of a fragment of integrated analysis of belles-lettres text are analyzed.

In the article there are considered various approaches to revealing the principles of modern education and the international intercultural interaction in the educational sphere in the beginning of XXI century. There are studied various points of view on formation of the principles of international cooperation in the sphere of education. The question is raised which world-outlook basis of education - in the form of a scientific picture of the world or a general picture of the world - can become the most promising in XXI century. The role of philosophy in understanding this issue is shown. There are revealed the world-outlook and philosophical bases of modern education in the field of intercultural interaction of the countries of the East and West.

Consideration of the concepts of education of the East and West in the general and special aspects is connected with the search of integral knowledge about education, providing people with cultural-educational, spiritually-moral potential, manifold socialization and worthy conflict-free existence in the society of the XXI century. The methodological basis of understanding the integration processes is the idea of dialectic unity of education and society. Education has few chances of successful development without favorable social conditions; neither society, without educated people who have been brought up by an integrated education system incorporating the best achievements of the Eastern and Western educational experience. Information technologies today turn the techniques and experiences of training and educating people in educational institutions into common property of the majority of the countries, causing the formation of a uniform educational space and also the necessity of philosophical reconsideration of educational processes.

The author considers one of the most important projects of solving the global problems of mankind the sustainable development project. Тhe sustainable development ideology takes root both in the West and in the Еast. However, the West cannot develop any effective policy of sustainable development without interaction with the East; the dialogue of cultures is necessary. The author also analyzes the prospects of sustainable development of Russia.

The article is devoted to the research of Western and Eastern education, revealing what is general and special about them. A great attention is given to understanding these problems through a prism of historical and social-spiritual development. It is emphasized that Eastern education is characterized by rigid requirements to follow the traditional norms, customs and canons, whereas more liberal search of truth is inherent in the Western educational system. While Western education gravitated to the school form of training, subdivision of this school into classes and appointment of the teachers for each separate subject, the Eastern educational system preferred the individual dialogue system. The XXI-st century and the world globalization are setting before Western and Eastern education some common problems, namely, the necessity of training the professionally knowing person, the humane and harmoniously developed personality. This leads to the need for synthesis of these two education systems.

In the article there are considered the problems of interaction between the systems of safety of the state and education, and also the role of safety in the increasing the adaptation efficiency of the state to the internal and external changes. It is indicated that the safety system acts as one of the major means which give the chance to education to adapt more operatively and with high probability of success in the transforming external world. The author investigates interrelation between educational space and the system of safety. The latter fosters formation of objective concepts about the development parameters of the Russian state and society. The author pays attention to the problems of integration of educational systems of the East and West.

In the paper the author carries out an investigation of the specificity of education informatization in connection with building the innovative education in the context of the East-West polarization. There are indicated some perspectives of building the innovative education, science and economy in the conditions of information society with taking into account spiritual and social-cultural peculiarities of the Russian educational system.

In the article the models of development of the Russian and American education on the example of formation of elite schools are analyzed. There are considered the distinctions connected with the national historical traditions, mentality, economic and political structure of these countries, the mobilization or the innovative types of development. The author notes that, though the models of development of the Russian and American education were initially opposite to each other, now there are being observed similar problems in them which testify to the most severe crisis of the national educational systems. A conclusion is made about what kind of state policy should Russia have in the field of elite education.

The paper is dedicated to a comparative analysis of the modern historiography of the education quality in the Western and domestic educational traditions in the context of their interaction. The results of such analysis will contribute to the social-philosophy comprehension of the phenomena and processes that take place in the modern system of domestic higher professional education. As the initial period of investigation we take the second half of the XX century, because A. G. Bermus notes that exactly in this period in the Western educational tradition there started to form an independent direction of scientific research and administrative activity in the system of higher professional education connected with monitoring and managing the education quality.

In article the author considers philosophical-historical development of the categories of coming into being, space and values in the matter of moral education of a person. At the heart of moral education of a person lies the idea of formation of adequate semantic units for life of a person. The article is devoted to theoretical analysis of the four approaches to a problem of a person as an open, active, self-developing system: anthropologic, synergetic, culturologic and informologic. The author emphasizes understanding of childhood as a special complete social phenomenon with a certain duration in time, considering children not as potential adults, but as already fully valuable person. Methodological ideas are offered to consider formation of semantic units for life of pupile's personality in the framework of the four presented approaches.

Actuality of a problem of formation a successful man, successful personality, successful professional in the modern communication and socio-cultural space is concentrated on the scientific and research investigation of the modern socio- psychological aspect of such concepts as success and successfulness, socio-physiological features and people's attitudes, possibilities of creation new technologies, their adaptation and implementation into the process of training of the future specialist, self-actualization of a person in the ordinary life and in the professional activity.

The article gives the description of the process of training the teacher who has the complex of qualities of a cultivated person and represents the national culture and mentality. The authors propose the model of a modern teacher, college-leaver, as a cultivated person and describe the system of the pedagogical supporting as one of the circumstances by forming of future teacher's qualities of a cultivated person in educational process of the teacher's training college.

In the philosophical and psychological-pedagogical science simultaneously with the problem of knowing the real person becomes a relevant issue image of man. To adapt to the educational process and harmonization with the current rapidly changing scientific and technological society, people need special skills. These abilities are given to him by nature like the makings, but their development is largely determined by the environment, the communities in which socialization occur.
The reason for creating the modern image of a man serving a new philosophy of humanity and the most common of modern psychology of personality.

Transformation of modern society reveals the topicality of the personality's socialization problems. Now there is considered differently the correlation between biological and social factors, education and upbringing in the socialization process. In the paper the concept of the gender socialization is analyzed from the positions of social philosophy. The author quotes various approaches to the process of socialization, analyses the correlation of socialization and gender socialization, as a whole and its part. In the article the influence of the family and school, as the main institutions of socialization, is studied through various periods of history.

In the article there is presented the current state of the gender approach in social knowledge and Russian education. The goal of the article is specification of the methodological bases of the modern gender research and the gender approach in education. The author systematizes the modern methodological principles of the gender approach, proposes some criteria of establishing the gender approach in the education system, and outlines some problems of its integration.

In clause one of actual innovative directions of modern domestic education - system of separately-parallel or gender educational process. Is analyzed. The author of clause brings to a focus to that prominent aspect of the given problem, that the organization of educational process should be built by a principle: « it is trained separately, we bring up together». The author analyzes results of experimental work of educational establishments in a direction of formation of system of separately-parallel education.