Home – Home – Jornals – "Philosophy of Education" 2010 number 3

The Phanerozoic history of mafic magmatism in the southern Siberian craton included three major events. The earliest event (~500 Ma) recorded in dolerite dikes occurred during accretion and collision at the early stage of the Central Asian orogen. Injection of mafic melts into the upper crust was possible in zones of diffuse extension within the southern Siberian craton, which acted as an indenter. The Late Paleozoic event (~275 Ma) produced dikes that intruded in a setting of subduction-related extension at the back of the active continental margin of Siberia during the closure of the Mongolia-Okhotsk ocean, as well as slightly older volcanics (290 Ma) in the Transbaikalian segment of the Central Asian orogen. Early Mesozoic magmatism in the southern Siberian craton resulted in numerous 240-250 Ma mafic intrusions in the Angara-Taseeva basin. The intrusions (Siberian traps) appeared as the subducting slab of the Mongolia-Okhotsk ocean interacted with a lower mantle plume. The post-Late Paleozoic ages of flood basalts (290-275 Ma) correspond to progressive northwestward (in present coordinates) motion of the slab beneath the southern craton margin, which likely ceased after the slab had reached the zone of the Siberian superplume. Since its consolidation after the Early Mesozoic activity, the crust in the area has no longer experienced extension favorable for the intrusion of basaltic magma.

Series of continental and oceanic alkaline associations have been compared. Comparison confirms that alkaline plumes originated from the Earth's liquid core under the continents and, less often, under the oceans. The spatial distribution of alkaline complexes has been analyzed in terms of the plume magmatism theory. Analysis suggests that the zoning and lateral migration of alkaline magmatic centers in alkaline provinces were determined by the migration of an alkaline plume (multiplume) and its alkaline basaltic, alkaline ultramafic, carbonatitic, kimberlitic, and other derivates.
Two components are well pronounced in the chemical history of alkaline plume magmatism. The first is the foidaphile component, which persists in all igneous and metasomatic rocks of various alkaline complexes. It includes elements associated with Na and K: rare alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, radioactive elements, rare earths, and others. They make up the important part of the plume that might have separated from the liquid core. The second component is rock-forming mantle-lithospheric, which formed in the asthenosphere during the mixing of mantle and lithospheric sources while the plume ascended to the Earth's surface.

Complex petrological, geochemical, and isotope studies of igneous rocks sampled from the core of parametric Maizasskaya BH-1 showed a predominance of dolerite sills, which formed earlier (~263±4 Ma) than most of basalts in the basement of the West Siberian sedimentary basin and in the Siberian Platform traps (248-251 Ma). Their formation took place during the crystallization of basaltic melt in intrusive chambers existing between layers of Silurian sedimentary rocks. The petrochemical, geochemical, mineralogical, and thermobarogeochemical data show that the sills resulted from the activity of complex magmatic systems different from typical oceanic and plateau-basalt melts and related, most likely, to the formation of rift structures under the influence of mantle plume. Study of melt inclusions provided data on the conditions of generation of primary melts from mantle substratum (≤1570 °C, depths to 105-120 km) and crystallization parameters of dolerites - 1130-1155 °C, 1.5-2 kbar. The results obtained show that the studied basalt complexes in West Siberia are genetically related to the mantle plume activity, which led to the breakup of ancient crust and rifting. Formation of oceanic crust took place in the largest rifts; the ascending magma penetrated into the enclosing ancient strata to form sills.

Recently it has been suggested that the major influence on the environment from Siberian Traps magmatism was due to the interaction of magma and organic-rich shale and petroleum-bearing evaporites, with the subsequent creation and outburst of toxic gases (Siberian gas venting: SGV model). In part this idea was supported by a U-Pb age of 252.0±0.4 Ma for one of the dolerite sills in the southeastern Siberian Traps: The age corresponds to the Permo-Triassic boundary and its known mass extinctions of biota. In this study two other dolerite sills were dated using zircons by the U-Pb SHRIMP method at 254.2±2.3 Ma and 249.6±1.5 Ma. The former age is in agreement within error with the age previously published for the dolerite sills, whereas the latter age is in agreement with U-Pb ages published for lava and intrusions from the northern Siberian Traps. The new ages correspond to the Cahngshingian/Wuchiapingian or Permian/Triassic and Spathian/Smithian boundaries, respectively. Review of ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar and U-Pb SHRIMP ages previously published for the southeastern Siberian Traps shows that three other pulses of magmatism probably took place at Anisian/Spathian, Late/Middle Anisian, and Landian/Anisian boundaries, respectively. Thus, it is possible that the SVG model can be applied also to lesser biotic extinctions and recoveries in proximity and aftermath to the main Permo-Triassic extinction.

The Kuznetsk Basin is located in the northern part of the Altai-Sayan Folded Area (ASFA), southwestern Siberia. Its Late Permian-Middle Triassic section includes basaltic stratum-like bodies, sills, formed at 250-248 Ma. The basalts are medium- and high-Ti tholeiites enriched in Nb and La. Compositionally they are close to the Early Triassic basalts of the Syverma Formation in the Siberian flood basalt large igneous province, basalts of the Urengoi Rift in the West Siberian Basin, and the Triassic basalts of the North Mongolian rift system. The basalts probably formed in relation to mantle plume activity: They are enriched in light rare-earth elements (LREE; La_n = 90-115, (La/Sm) _n = 2.4-2.6) but relatively depleted in Nb (Nb/La) _n = 0.34-0.48). Low to medium differentiation of heavy rare-earth elements (HREE; (Gd/Yb) _n = 1.4-1.7) suggests a spinel facies mantle source for basaltic melts. Our obtained data on the composition and age of the Kuznetsk basalts support the previous idea of their genetic and structural links with the Permian-Triassic continental flood basalts of the Siberian Platform (Siberian Traps) possibly related to the action of the Siberian superplume peaked at 252-248 Ma. The abruptly changing thickness of the Kuznetsk Late Permian-Middle Triassic units suggests their formation within an extensional structure similar to the exposed rifts of southern Ural and northern Mongolia and buried rifts of the West Siberian Basin.

A mathematical model is proposed for the two-velocity nonisothermal dynamics of the interaction between the convecting upper mantle and the multilayer lithosphere with local permeable zones. Based on the statistical processing of data on the bulk compositions of fluids from mantle rocks beneath the Siberian Platform (SP) and the Earth's crustal metamorphic rocks of granulite and amphibolite facies, we discuss the problems of specifying the initial and boundary conditions for the description of the dynamics of convective melting in permeable zones above asthenosphere. To determine the nature of the established linear CO₂-H₂O trend (these are the main fluids of inclusions), we consider the 2D dynamics of formation of the T and P fields and the accompanying physicochemical dynamics of heterophase interaction between supra-asthenosphere magmatogene fluids and depleted rocks of the lithospheric mantle. The performed experimental and computational studies of the bulk composition and nature of the fluid phase in rock xenoliths from the SP lithosphere and Earth's crustal metamorphosed strata showed that: (1) the gas phase of lower-crustal metamorphic rocks differs significantly in bulk composition from the gas phase of mantle lithosphere rocks, (2) about 80 % of the gas phase in the minerals of lithospheric mantle ultrabasites are oxidized products of the re-equilibration of supra-asthenosphere magmatogene fluids transformed in regional fault zones; (3) a periodic decompression of lithospheric mantle strata in the SP deep-fault zones is the main factor of this re-equilibration; (4) data on the composition of the gas phase in primary inclusions in minerals of igneous rocks can be used to calculate the virtual composition of asthenospheric fluids.

Plutonogene ore-magmatic systems of the Noril'sk ore field are unique constituents of the P₂-T₁ trap formation in the East Siberian Platform. We consider the formation of ore-bearing intrusions, evolution of Cr-spinels in intrusive magmatites, possible mechanisms of formation of massive, disseminated, and impregnated magmatic sulfide ores, possible reasons for the abundance of sulfide melts, quasi-anhydrite isotopic composition of sulfur of sulfide ores, and products of interaction of sulfide melts with ore-hosting basites. The unique contents of PGE, Ag, and Au in ores (eutectic Iss-PbSss intergrowths, crystallization products of low-temperature Ni-Fe-Cu-Pb-S melts) have been estimated for the first time. We have established that pneumatolytic Ag-Au-Pt-Pd mineralization is intimately related to the fluid aureoles near magmatic sulfide bodies. Pneumatolytic PGM are subdivided into early (tetraferroplatinum with lamellae atokite, paolovite with lamellae of insizwaite-geversite and niggliite, etc.), late (sobolevskite, froodite, hessite, maichenerite, cabriite, minerals of Au-Ag series, etc.), and the latest (sperrylite). The direct, reverse, oscillation, and complex zoning of gold particles is much due to variations in the Te activity in the fluids. Pneumatolytic noble-metal minerals were produced at <490?C in strongly reducing conditions with extremely low S_{2 fugacity} . The Pb isotope composition evidences that all systems of the trap formation in the Noril'sk region had the same mantle source. The Pb isotope compositions of ore-bearing intrusions, magmatic sulfide ores, PbSss, and Pd-Pt intermetallides in the Noril'sk and Talnakh ore clusters differ significantly: Lead in the Talnakh cluster is more radiogenic. This evidences genetic relations between sulfide ores and particular intrusions as well as different intermediate magma chambers in the Noril'sk and Talnakh clusters, and a higher degree of contamination of mantle magmas in the Talnakh cluster, which might be the explanation of its giant area.

The paper discusses the spatiotemporal and genetic relationships of hydrothermal Co mineralization in the Altai-Sayan orogen with mafic, alkaline mafic, and granitoid magmatism on the basis of isotopic, geochemical, and geochronological investigations. Four stages of Co mineralization have been distinguished for this region: Early Devonian (D₁), Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous (D₃-C₁), Permo-Triassic (P₂-T), and Early Cretaceous (K₁). They correspond to periods of large-scale mafic magmatism. Isotopic (Pb, Sr, He) and geochemical studies have shown that Co mineralization is genetically related to mafic and granitoid magmatism. Also, these studies have confirmed that Co deposits formed with the participation of mantle fluids and are related to chambers of mafic and alkaline mafic melts. Besides, it has been found that ore originated both from magmatic sources and host rocks. A pulsed facies endogenic zonation has been established for Co deposits, Co-bearing ore clusters, and zones with high-temperature Co-As and low-temperature Ni-Co-As mineralization. It has been first established that ores at hydrothermal Co deposits are rich in Pt and Pd.

Gold mineralization at copper-skarn deposits (Tardanskoe, Murzinskoe, Sinyukhinskoe, Choiskoe) in the Altai-Sayan folded area is related to different hydrothermal-metasomatic formations. It was produced at 400-150 °C in several stages spanning 5-6 Myr, which determined the diversity of its mineral assemblages. Gold mineralization associated with magnetite bodies is spatially correlated with magnesian and calcareous skarns, whereas gold mineralization in crushing zones and along fault sutures in moderate- and low-temperature hydrothermal-metasomatic rocks (propylites, beresites, serpentinites, and argillizites) is of post-skarn formation. Different stages were manifested with different intensities at gold deposits. For example, the Sinyukhinskoe deposit abounds in early high-temperature mineral assemblages; the Choiskoe deposit, in low-temperature ones; and the Tardanskoe and Murzinskoe deposits are rich in both early and late gold minerals.
Formation of commercial gold mineralization at different copper-skarn deposits is due to the combination of gold mineralization produced at different stages as a result of formation of intricate igneous complexes (Tannu-Ola, Ust'-Belaya, and Yugala) composed of differentiated rocks from gabbros to granites.

Based on comprehensive studies of fluid inclusions in quartz formed at different stages of hydrothermal process, we consider the physicochemical conditions of formation of epithermal ores (K₁) in the Balei ore field. The limiting parameters of hydrothermal process have been established: 353-131 °C, 150-30 bars, and salt concentrations of 7.6-0.5 wt.%-equiv. NaCl. A specific feature of the ore-forming process at the Balei deposits is a rapid drop in temperature and pressure, which is typical of open hydrothermal systems. The temperature increase at the beginning of each stage evidences pulse-like ore formation. The productive stage coincides with the initiation of a drastic decrease in temperature (<225 °C) and salt concentration in the solution. The deposits resulted from the functioning of the common Balei ore-magmatic system at shallow depths with a high permeability of the host rocks. High-K calc-alkalic magmas might have been sources of gold mineralization. The ore formation zone is localized above intrusive bodies near their roof. It is not ruled out that the Balei gold was partly borrowed from the products of the early cycles (J_2-3) of gold mineralization and from the host rocks.

The paper discusses the formation conditions of the Ary-Bulak ongonite massif (eastern Transbaikalia). Studies of melt and fluid inclusions have shown that, along with crystalline phases and a silicate melt, ongonitic magma contained aqueous-saline fluids of different types, fluoride melts compositionally similar to fluorite, sellaite, cryolite, chiolite, and more complex aluminum fluorides as well as silicate melts with abnormal Cs and As contents. The ongonitic melt crystallized with the participation of P-Q fluids as vapor solutions, presumably NaF-containing and slightly admixed with chlorides. We studied the properties and composition of brine inclusions from Ca- and F-rich rocks on the margin of the massif. Depending on the thermophysical properties of the host rocks and ongonitic melt, the duration of its crystallization has been estimated for a magma chamber with the size and shape of the Ary-Bulak massif. Magma chamber cooling has been modeled, and the density, viscosity, and the Rayleigh criterion have been estimated from the composition of silicate glasses in melt inclusions. These data strongly suggest intense convection in the residual magma chamber lasting for centuries. We have calculated possible fluid overpressure during the crystallization and degassing of the ongonitic melt in a closed magma chamber.
Calcium- and fluorine-rich aphyric and porphyritic rocks on the southwestern margin of the massif might have formed by the following mechanism. Local decompression in the magma chamber quenched an oxygen-containing calcium fluoride melt accumulated at the crystallization front, and these rocks altered during the interaction with fluids. When penetrating the marginal zone, a P-Q magmatic fluid which coexisted with the melt in the residual magma chamber cooled and changed its composition and properties. This caused the fluid to boil and segregate into immiscible phases: a vapor solution and a brine extremely rich in Cl, F, K, Cs, Mn, Fe, and Al. The fluoride and silicate liquids were immiscible; silicate melts had abnormal Cs and As contents; changes in the composition and properties of the magmatic fluids caused them to boil and produce brines. All this is evidence for complex fluid-magma interaction and heterogeneous ongonitic magma during the crystallization of the Ary-Bulak rocks. These processes were favored by the low viscosity and high mobility of the F- and water-rich ongonitic melt, intense melt convection in the residual magma chamber, and rising fluid pressure during its degassing.

The elemental composition of suspended particles in surface waters of Lake Baikal has been studied by ICP MS along a transect of the zone affected by the Selenga River. The amount of terrigenous suspension in water was estimated fr om Al content, which decreases in a saltatory manner along the transect: 6.5-8.3 km offshore it decreases by an order of magnitude; 11-14 km offshore, by other 20 times; in the pelagic zone it remains almost unchanged. During the study period (late June 2001), the distribution lim it of suspension from the Selenga River in the lake's surface waters lays 11-14 km offshore.
It has been found that pelagic suspension is more than 20 times richer in Ca, P, Zn, Cu, Ni, Sn, Mo, Bi, S, and Cd than littoral one (6.5 km offshore) in the zone affected by the Selenga River. This is mainly due to fine suspension (<1.2 ?m), which was considerably richer in Ca, P, Zn, Cu, Ni, Sn, Mo, Sb, and Cd than coarser ones in the river.
Fine suspension in Lake Baikal, both in the zone affected by the river and in the pelagic zone, is considerably (2-35 times) richer in most elements, except for typical terrigenous ones, than river one. This suggests that element enrichment takes place in the lake, probably owing to bioaccumulation and chemisorption. These processes may be affected by additional factors, because fine suspension from the zone affected by the river differs significantly from pelagic one in elemental composition.

This is a historic overview of seismic-anisotropy studies in Russia run as part of seismic exploration work in the 1940s through the 1980s, with a focus on main research lines. At the early stage in the 1940s through 1950s, most important contributions belonged to A.G. Tarkhov, Yu.V. Risnichenko, and S.M. Rytov (averaging the parameters of stratified media), I.I. Gurvich (processing reflection and refraction traveltime curves in media with elliptical anisotropy), and N.I. Berdennikova (shear-wave velocity anisotropy). In the 1960s-1980s, there were two basic schools of thought: one of G.I. Petrashen', with a more theoretical approach, and the other of N.N. Puzyrev dealing more with experimental work. Most of experiments addressed a newly discovered phenomenon of azimuthal anisotropy. This anisotropy appearing as "anomalous" polarization of shear and converted waves was found out to result from vertical fractures in rocks. The unusual polarization became understood owing to Klem-Musatov's model of a subsurface with a system of aligned cracks. The problem was fully resolved after field data had been processed with an algorithm by I.R. Obolentseva and S.B. Gorshkalev, for separating the total field of interfering shear waves of two types into fast and slow phases polarized in crack-parallel and crack-orthogonal directions, respectively.

This paper presents a method for restoring missing seismic traces by using the two-dimensional dip moveout (DMO) equation. A fundamentally new formulation of the initial-boundary-value problem based on the Goursat problem is proposed. A modified finite element method is used for numerical solution. The method is tested on model examples and actual seismic data.

It is shown that vertical focusing of the normal magnetic field can be performed using a quadrupole induction system. The frequency dependence of apparent resistivity calculated fr om the real part of the measured magnetic field allows effective detection of anomalously conducting objects, even in the cases wh ere the investigated object is overlapped by a thick layer with high electrical conductivity.

The precision of measurements performed by atomic-force microscopy (AFM) and highresolution electron microscopy (HREM) for solving problems of metrology and diagnostics of solid nanostructures is discussed. The HREM-measured height of a monatomic step on a Si(111) surface covered by a thin natural oxide film is demonstrated to be 0.314 ± 0.001 nm. The same accuracy is ensured by AFM measurements through controlling the Si surface relief with heating in ultra-high vacuum on specially created test objects with the distance between the steps being approximately 2 μm. It is shown that the geometric phase method can be used to quantify the strains in the crystal lattice of strained heterostructures on the basis of HREM images with accuracy to 10⁻⁴ %, and in situ irradiation by electrons in HREM measurements can be used to visualize ordered clusterization of vacancies and self-interstitial atoms in {113} planes in Si samples.

In this paper we will provide an overview of methods and instruments developed and applied at the National Metrology Institute of Germany (Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt - PTB) for high-precision dimensional (linear and angular) measurements and discuss some challenges  for future developments in this important area of metrology.

The paper describes traceable nanometrology based on a nanopositioning machine with integrated nanoprobes. The operation of a high-precision long-range three-dimensional nanopositioning and nanomeasuring machine (NMM-1) having a resolution of 0.1 nm over the positioning and measuring range of 25 × 25 × 5 mm is explained. Various developed probe systems have been integrated into the NMM-1 machine, including a focus sensor, a white light sensor, and tactile nanoprobes. Single-beam, double-beam, and triple-beam interferometers are installed into the NMM-1 machine to measure and control the six degrees of freedom. Measured results are presented.

This review concerns the design and use of micro- and nanosensors based on electrochemical, acoustic, piezoelectric, and optical principles for medical diagnosis and care and for biological research. The target measurands include an ever-increasing number of simple and complex molecules, physical quantities, and electrical and magnetic phenomena.

Optical metrology provides a unique approach to measuring surfaces, both technical and optical, over a wide measurement range from macro to nano. We present two new approaches to measuring aspheric lenses with increased flexibility. The first is based on a modified Twyman -Green interferometer where multiple sources for the illumination of the aspheric surface with different angles are adopted to achieve a local compensation of the gradient and consequently a reduction of interference fringes. The second is based on a chromatic Fizeau interferometer with a diffractive element as null-optic for the measurement of extreme ultraviolet aspheres.

High precision contact scanning probes for measuring miniature components on micro- and nano-coordinate measuring machines requires sensitive mechanisms. This paper analyzes the mechanism of a developed contact probe in order to find its optimal dimensions. The contact probe is composed of a fiber stylus with a ball tip, a mechanism with a wire-suspended floating plate, and focus sensors. The wires experience elastic deformation when a contact force is applied. The probe mechanism with a four-wire floating plate is studied. Stiffness analysis is carried out using the theory of elasticity. It is found that, with a proper stylus length, a contact probe with uniform stiffness can be designed.

Two types of fiber-optical measurement systems are compared: a line with a large number of point sensors based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) interrogated by a tunable continuous fiber laser and a distributed system based on optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) of the Raman scattering of radiation of a pulsed fiber laser. Methods for increasing the measurement accuracy with the use of additional calibration of the Bragg wavelength shift over a fiber interferometer in the FBG system and spectral filtration of the Stokes and anti-Stokes components of the Raman scattering with the use of spectral-selective fiber couplers in the OTDR system are proposed and implemented. Physical effects on system parameters are analyzed, compared, and optimized for applications with monitoring of the temperature distribution in turbogenerators and oil wells.

Using a microbolometer detector array, we recorded real-time images of metallic and dielectric objects illuminated by monochromatic terahertz radiation, including those hidden behind an opaque barrier. It is shown that the characteristics of movement of rough objects dynamic can be retrieved from the dynamics of the speckle structure of their images in the terahertz range. An automatic processing algorithm for terahertz videos with recording of moving objects was developed and software implemented.

The limits of applicability of geometrical optical methods of calculating diffractive optical elements for terahertz radiation are determined. Use of the method of hot pressing in vacuum chambers to produce polymer transmissive diffractive elements for controlling terahertz radiation is considered. The effect of radiation absorption on the focal spot size and the radiation resistance of the elements are estimated. Experimental study of the optical characteristics of diffraction lenses fabricated in polypropylene revealed 17 percent differences from the diffraction limit.

A likelihood function is obtained for estimating parameters of weak optical signals during detecting by means of recording emission moments of each photoelectron. Likelihood equations are derived and solved by an example of optimal estimates of a Gaussian pulse. Expressions for compatible and incompatible estimates of all three unknown parameters of the pulse are obtained. Analytical expressions for the Kramer-Rao bounds determining the quality of the estimates obtained are also derived. The variances of compatible estimates of the signal amplitude are demonstrated to be three times those of incompatible estimates, while the variances of the estimates of all parameters are inversely proportional to the product of the signal amplitude and its duration.

Thin films obtained by centrifugation of blood serum of healthy people and people with viscera diseases are studied by methods of spectral ellipsometry and infrared spectroscopy. Physical properties of such films are found to depend on the bio-organic composition of blood serum, which, in turn, is determined by pathological processes proceeding in the human organism. It is of interest that spectral ellipsometry and infrared spectroscopy are suitable nondestructive express methods of screening, i.e., preliminary blood diagnostics for patients with viscera pathology. Ellipsometric data on specific features of formation of bio-organic coatings from blood serum of patients with diffuse pathology of liver, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus are validated by changes in the fine structure of infrared spectra.

Optoelectronic methods for controlling the appearance of nuclear reactor fuel pellets are considered. In the proposed methods, reflected images of pellet surfaces are taken by digital cameras, which provides high contrast of defective areas against the frame background. Image processing algorithms for identification of defective products are given. An experimental model of a system with a capacity of up to 10 pellets per second was designed. A database containing surface images of simulators and real pellets was designed to train the system. Results of real time processing of the obtained images show that the probability of detection of defective pellets is not less than 95%.

In the article there are analyzed real theoretical difficulties, which appear in philosophical interpretation of the social adaptation of personality from the positions of mono-paradigmal approaches. In their basis there is uncertainty of the ontological status of this phenomenon, as well as burning antagonism between normative and interpretative approaches to studying such social phenomena. To overcome these difficulties, there is suggested using a normative - interpretative (poly-paradigmal) approach, which allows specifying real ontology of the studied phenomenon.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the levels of network interaction in the sphere of education and the prospects of studying this problem. The main attention is paid to the problems of understanding the internal level of network interaction. The author's definition of network interaction is offered, the levels of this interaction in education are characterized.

Social capital as a key characteristic of the substantive field of network structures is increasingly identified as one of the basic resources that determine the capabilities and status of individuals in modern society. This paper examines the role of education in formation and functioning of social capital, the authors give an overview of the evolution of this concept in conjunction with the vision of the role of education as a factor of its formation. To identify the basic correlations, the authors used the concepts of «symbolic capital» and «symbolic power» proposed by Bourdieu. On one hand, education is considered as a factor of growth of symbolic power for the individual, on the other hand, as a factor of formation of network structures, often acting as the agents of symbolic power. The authors consider also some variants of the influence of education on the possible application of social capital.

The paper considers the role of social networks in the Russian system of higher education in connection with its entering the unified world educational space. The modern state of the social network studies abroad is described. An intercultural aspect of the social network research is revealed in the article. There is proposed a definition of the intercultural social network, and the prospects of its construction are described. A special attention is given to the resource potential of the intercultural social networks in the system of improvement of professional skills on the example of the President's Program.

The article is devoted to the topical issues of the research of the social networks potential. The author turns to the description of the social networks actions, their possibilities, resources and dangers to the development of the person. Social networks are understood as a social mechanism, a mechanism of social interaction which is adequate to modern social development. While describing the potential of social networks, the author considers the educational context of the network action.

The paper presents an analysis of the problem of tolerant attitude to the Russian-speaking migrants in the context of the actively developing social-network research. In the paper there are identified the reasons of the negative social-network perceptions of the Russian-speaking migrants. We offer some ways of modernization of educational programs for training experts for the departments of Humanities and Social Studies which meet the interests of optimization of relations in the system of the Russian-speaking migrants - the receiving Russian society.

Our research is aimed at searching for and substantiating a methodology, which will allow giving a description of the phenomenon of artistic activity, which meets the perception of the modern society as a network society in the best way. The article describes the network effects of artistic activity as a phenomenon specifying the person - text network of interactions. The grounds for a new interpretation of the network structure are revealed and its epistemological potential is described.

The article poses the problem of understanding of information safety in connection with the development of network communications. There are described the main groups of dangers originating from the network communicative space. From the point of view of the author, the presence of the competence connected with the orientation in the network is one of the main parts of ensuring the informational security. Theses competencies are provided by sociological education.

There are presented a critical analysis of the economy-centered conception of the higher education functions. It is suggested to interpret the current status of the managerial decisions in reforming the higher education in Russia as based on the dominance of a virtual model of the education institution. There are demonstrated the effects of the social space break at the age of total informatization, which consist of splitting the social practices into the spheres of virtual and actual social actions.

The aim of the paper is to pose the question of the theoretical component of the current problems faced by contemporary Russian education in connection with its transition to new principles of the Bologna program.
The paper presents an analysis of a number of both modern studies and the studies which have become classical now, characterizing the place and role of the mental basis of modern Russian education. The author analyzes a number of scientific sources to identify the relevance of this topic in the philosophy of education.

The contemporary period of the education system development is characterized by its computerization. The making of the new system of education is accompanied by introducing corrections into the content of the traditional technologies of instruction. There are present some difficulties in introduction of computer technologies into the educational process. Some possible methods of formation of a promising system of education are proposed.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the economic theories evolution from the point of view of some basic concepts. These concepts (the main one is the human behavior hypothesis) are philosophical bases for the knowledge about the structure of economic way of life of the society. From the point of view of economic theory, a model of human behavior is a set of preconditions, hypotheses about his/her behavior. It is an instrument of analysis, an analytical scheme which is based on certain research ideas and allows evaluating the corresponding scientific program. The article shows the main characteristics of this model in modern economic theory and gives recommendations about how to develop the curriculum of economic higher education.