A method is proposed for constructing noise-resistant mask differentiating filters minimizing systematic errors in estimating directional fields by a gradient algorithm. A comparative analysis of the accuracy of gradient algorithms was performed by computer modeling It is shown that a decrease in the systematic error leads to a considerable increase in the accuracy of directional field estimation.
An algorithm is proposed for discriminating between random image signals and non-Gaussian impulse noise with a uniform brightness distribution which is based on a new optimality criterion combining the minimization of weighted unconditional probabilities of wrong decisions of the first and second kind and maximization of the probabilities of making correct decisions. Results of numerical studies of the proposed and the well-known Bayes algorithms are given showing that the use of the new algorithm reduces the discrimination error under conditions of complete a priori uncertainty of the image signal distribution.
V. M. Efimov, A. L. Reznik, A. V. Torgov, A. V. Tuzikov
Keywords: banded matrix, T?oplitz system of equations, recursive filter, sample function, frequency characteristic
Pages: 23-33
A possibility of application of the algorithm of compensation for linear distortions in solving systems of linear algebraic equations with banded matrices is considered. Relations necessary for the procedure of stage-by-stage searching for the solution are derived, and conditions of correctness of their application are determined.
The proposed algorithm calculates its own filtration factor for each coefficient of the wavelet expansion of a noisy signal. The optimal filtration factor depends on the signal-to-noise ratio, which is estimated with a specially constructed iterative procedure. The limit points of this procedure are determined. A computational experiment performed shows that the proposed approach can be effectively used in problems of filtration and compression of noisy signals and images.
This paper considers the problem of determining the rotation parameters such as the direction vector of the rotation axis and the rotation angle of a three-dimensional image whose surface points are specified by vectors. The initial and rotated vectors are considered known. An approach using a quaternion representation of vectors is proposed, whose computational efficiency is severalfold higher than the efficiency of known approaches. The mechanism of the effect of noise on the accuracy of determination of the parameters is studied, and recommendations on error minimization are given. Features of the solution of the inverse problem of rotation as applied to the image recognition system are considered.
A. A. Rozhentsov, A. A. Baev, A. S. Naumov
Keywords: quaternions, recognition, contours of three-dimensional images, functions of a hypercomplex variable, invariance to ordering
Pages: 57-69
An approach to processing images of three-dimensional objects which does not require knowledge of the ordering of the samples specifying the coordinates of points on the object surface is considered. The approach is based on obtaining a secondary analytical description of an object in the form of a polynomial function of a hypercomplex variable that projects samples of the object surface onto a sphere. It is shown that the method allows one to estimate scaling and rotation parameters and to recognize three-dimensional objects from polynomial coefficients. The performance of the proposed algorithms was estimated in experiments using images of real objects and mathematical models.
A. V. Lapko, V. A. Lapko
Keywords: non-parametric statistics, pattern recognition systems, decomposition of the learning sample, asymptotic properties
Pages: 70-78
A method of synthesis of two-level non-parametric pattern recognition systems based on the principles of decomposition of learning samples in terms of their volume and on using the technology of parallel computations is proposed. The properties of these systems are analyzed on the basis of computational experiments performed.
A new approach to analyzing the data obtained by tracking biological objects in studying the motion activity is considered. The approach is based on a proposed mathematical model of motion of a biological object. The object behavior observed during the experiment can be described in the form of model parameters. A numerical experiment with model data is performed, which shows that the estimates predicted by the proposed method ensure a smaller root-mean-square deviation of the object state classification than other available methods.
A detailed review of the best-known methods for estimating fractal dimension (FD) is given, and their accuracy and computational complexity are demonstrated by estimating the FD of model images with a high degree of self-similarity. A new algorithm for estimating FD by linear transformations is proposed which gives much lower error without significantly increasing the computational complexity.
V. P. Bessmeltsev, N. V. Goloshevsky, K. K. Smirnov
Keywords: laser micromachining of moving carriers, complementary scanners, galvanometric scanners, CO2 laser
Pages: 98-106
One possible approach of controlling laser systems based on galvanometric scanners for precision micromachining of continuously moving materials is considered. A variant of implementation of the system with sensors of relative displacements of the material and real-time correction algorithms is demonstrated, which ensures the micromachining velocity close to the maximum possible value for these scanners. Experimental results of micromachining of polymer tapes are given.
Specific features of operation of an autofocus in a CLWS-300IAE circular laser writing system are considered. The influence of the focus error on the process of direct laser writing of diffraction structures is considered. A digital adaptive controller for the system of autofocus control is described and studied in experiments. Algorithms of controller operation, a technique for its tuning, and experimental results are described.
Design principles of silicon multiplexers for linear and matrix infrared (IR) focal plane arrays (FPAs) are considered. Silicon multiplexers intended for operation with multielement mercury-cadmium-tellurium (MCT) photodiode detectors, with multielement photoresistor detectors based on multilayer structures with quantum wells, and with other types of photodetectors sensitive to radiation in the IR ranges from 3 to 5 and from 8 to 16 µm, are discussed. The type and size range of the multiplexers includes 19 models that differ in frame sizes, input circuits, charge capacity, and cell pitch. Around the designed multiplexers, hybrid and monolithic FPAs of various formats for medium and far IR ranges with a rather high temperature resolution (< 0.02 K) have been developed.
The hodograph of the normalized moment of the energetic spectrum of a gradient image is analyzed. It is shown that transformation of the matrix form of the hodograph equation to diagonal form gives analytical expressions for the invariant characteristics of the image description-the principal spectral moments of gradient images. In this case, rotation of the coordinate system until its axes coincide with the eigenvector directions reduces the hodograph equation to the canonical form. An analysis of the initial equations, in rotation, yields invariant characteristics of the singular points of the hodograph. Subsets of invariant description characteristics for gradient images of different orders constitute a hierarchical system of invariant description characteristics of the initial image.
A quasioptimal method of antenna array control in information systems is proposed based on optimizing the integral parameters of an array in controlling the complex current amplitudes in some of the array radiators. Numerical calculations were performed which confirmed the validity of the analytical estimates. An estimate was obtained for the choice of the arrangement of uncontrolled elements of an antenna array that minimizes the decrease in the energy parameters of the antenna array with the quasioptimal control.
An approach to particle system processing on a GPU is discussed. Balancing of CPU and GPU loads is described in detail. Original approaches aimed at reducing the data flow from the system memory to the video memory are proposed. A comparison between the proposed GPU-based approach and the classical CPU-based particle system animation is given.
This paper considers an algorithm for the synthesis of an optimal filter providing a state vector estimator for a discrete linear dynamic system with additive perturbations containing an unknown constant component. The algorithm does not use perturbation estimators. Results of a computation experiment are given.
Ontology-based information systems for supporting research and commercial activities are considered. The tool kit required for supporting document analysis by automatic extraction of information of significance to the user from document texts is substantiated. These tools should support the various stages of text analysis and include workbenchs for designing specialized dictionaries and knowledge bases. The proposed approach allows a semantic analysis of texts based on knowledge of the subject domain, document genre, and specific terminology used by experts in the subject.
V. A. Kulikov, A. V. Kulikov, M. A. Tikhonova, V. S. Kirichuk
Keywords: automation of the experiment, classification, maximum likelihood method, frame-to-frame difference, forced swimming
Pages: 46-51
Justification and experimental verification of the computer vision algorithm and the maximum likelihood method for automatic estimation of the time of animal immobility in the forced swimming test are given. The computer vision algorithm is based on studying the difference between the frames with the animal images. The immobility estimates obtained by the existing methods and on the basis of the proposed criterion are compared.
Signal processing in the COMPLEX automated measurement system designed for noncontact inspection of wheel pairs of freight trains is described. The chosen coordinate base and methods of signal filtration and reconstruction ensure high reliability of measurement results during commercial operation even under conditions of intense atmospheric interferences.
A distributed measuring system of the stress-strain state of a plate is developed and tested. Optical fiber is used as the recording element. It is fixed on the surface of the body being deformed so as to solve the problem with the minimum number of measurements. Theoretical calculations are confirmed by the results of full-scale experiments.
O. V. Belai, E. V. Podivilov, L. L. Frumin, D. A. Shapiro
Keywords: Helmholtz wave equation, inverse scattering problem, numerical method of solution
Pages: 69-77
A one-dimensional inverse scattering problem for the Helmholtz wave equation is considered. The problem consists in reconstruction of the refractive index of transparent inhomogeneous media from a specified complex reflection spectrum. A method previously proposed by the authors for reconstruction of the Bragg gratings in the coupled mode approximation is used. Numerical simulations of the inverse scattering problem for the classical Rayleigh layer and for an exponentially smooth transitional layer are performed. The solutions obtained demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed approach. The accuracy of refractive index reconstruction turns out to be essentially dependent on the degree of layer smoothness. The proposed approach can be applied in problems of the development of coated and interference optics, in synthesis of the Bragg gratings and multilayer optical mirrors, and in radiophysics and acoustics.
This paper gives a brief review of some studies of acoustooptic methods for measuring sound velocity in solids performed at the Department of Acoustoelectronics and Acoustooptics of the Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science.
Publications on theoretical and experimental studies of multiple-beam reflection interferometers with a "non-inverted" response function in reflection are reviewed. Their operation principles and optical properties are described. The analytical form of recording of the response functions of such interferometers and the method of choosing parameters for controlling the form of the response functions are considered. Results of calculations and experiments are presented.
Analytical formulas for calculating the reflection coefficient of a thin-film metal-dielectric structure at light incidence angles greater than the critical angle of total internal reflection were obtained using a conducting surface model for a thin absorbing layer. It is shown that an asymmetric interference pattern of the spectral dependence of the reflection coefficient has higher sensitivity to changes in the refractive index of the medium.
The present state of research in the area of low-power design methodologies and mechanisms of power dissipation in digital circuits are considered. The choice of the corresponding model of power estimation is demonstrated to exert a significant effect on quality, cost, and performance of designed digital circuits. An analysis of various power estimation techniques at different levels of abstraction for sequential and combinational circuit design is presented. Special attention is paid to power dissipation analysis of programmable logic devices.
G. P. Arnautov, E. N. Kalish, Y. F. Stus, M. G. Smirnov, I. A. Bunin, D. A. Nosov
Keywords: corpuscular theory of the nature of gravitation, Solar eclipse, laser ballistic gravimeter, tidal variations of gravity, gravitation absorption coefficient
Pages: 115-118
Tidal variations of gravity Δg measured with an error smaller than 1 µGal = 1·10−8 m/s2 during the Solar eclipses on July 31, 1981 and August 1, 2008 with the absolute laser ballistic gravimeters developed and fabricated by the authors are presented.
In the article, there is analyzed the present state of psychological and pedagogical research, devoted to the problem of the teacher's professional self-improvement in the system of higher professional and optional professional education. The author analyzes various scientific papers, notions and their functions in the specified context and reveals the substantial characteristics of the phenomenon under consideration. In conclusion, the author defines the notion of "teacher's professional self-improvement" in conformity with the system of professional and optional professional education and distinguishes the structural elements and the essential characteristics of the notion.
N. I. Churkina
Keywords: history of education, methodology of the history of education, interdisciplinary methodology, multidisciplinary methodology, educational regionalistics, region
Pages: 205-211
The article justifies the need for elaboration of an interdisciplinary methodology, being adequate to the current level of civilization development, scientific thought and the object of research - the history of formation of the regional educational systems. The author suggests implementing the methods of allied sciences for studying the pedagogical phenomena, as well as devising the principles and stages of the educational regionalistics as a new trend in pedagogical research, and substantiates a possibility of applying them within the framework of interdisciplinary methodology.
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:29:"V. V. Patrina, Е. V. Filatova";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"text";}
Keywords: vocational guidance, socio-cultural space of the city, productive training, mentorship
Pages: 211-217
In the paper, the special features of contemporary career guidance are examined. The pedagogical ways and phases of vocational guidance of the youth are defined, their effectiveness is analyzed. The results of realization of the proposed pedagogical ways are forecasted. The activity of using the socio-cultural space of the city in the context of the «City as a School» project is characterized. The possibility of mentorship for realization of the youth career guidance process is described; the functions of the mentors are defined.
E. B. Petunina
Keywords: elementary vocational training, optimological approach, social function, economic function, humanization of education
Pages: 217-221
The article is devoted to the analysis of the system of elementary vocational training from the point of view of optimology. The problem of realization of the functions of the system of elementary vocational training is considered. In particular, it is noted that there is taking place strengthening of the tendency aimed at attaining the economical efficiency. The author substantiates the necessity of more careful attention to the formation of personality of the person being educated in the system of elementary vocational training, with taking into account socio-demographic and socio-cultural characteristics.
The article considers the synergetic foundations of continuity of the secondary and higher vocational education under the conditions of modernization of the Russian education. The system of vocational education in view is self-developing in regards to all its constituents, which results in synergy of its development. A self-development impulse is carried by all the subjects of the educational system which are guided by the social conditions of the society development as a whole.
The article substantiates the topicality of studying the modern development of language as an element of social system in the educational process. Since information is becoming the basic value, the ability to work with information in the native and foreign languages provides a way to success. Consequently, the problems of language, especially the picture of the world in the native and foreign language cultures, acquire a special importance in the condition of open market economy and gradual change in understanding of the moral values.
N. V. Buravtsova
Keywords: psychological space of the personality, values of professional education, meaning-of-life-related orientations, professional identity
Pages: 234-240
The purpose of article is to analyze the basic characteristics of the psychological space of the personality of the student. Special features of the psychological space of the person of the student are revealed depending on the choice of the future profession. It is proven that the level of sovereignty of the personal borders of the humanities majors influences the formation of their professionally important qualities.
The article considers the problems of professional adaptation of the students to their future professional activity. It presents the results of the long-term research carried out by the author, concerning the process of personality formation and the practice of the social worker as a professional. The basic characteristics of the social portrait of modern students are presented.
The purpose of the study, presented in the article, is the theoretical and practical justification of expectations as certain constituents of personality's individual consciousness, in which the person embodies his/her perceptions of other people's attitude to him/her. The assumption that expectations reflect person's internal need for other people's attitude is also substantiated. The person's expectations express personal choice and constitute a certain complex which characterizes the consciousness of identity. The author analyzes some theoretical premises for the study of expectations as a mechanism of individual consciousness; and also empirically identifies and describes the personality features revealed in the expected estimations.
In the article, there are studied the processes of the culture humanitarization and the social life humanization on the basis of general democratic principles in politics, economy, and the environment organization. In the opinion of the author, modern society realizes the ecological, humanitarian and humanistic insufficiency of modern existence and simultaneously the necessity of turning to new thinking, new activity, and new existence whose basis can (and should) be the humanitarian education. Comprehensive humanitarian education is understood not only as familiarizing with a circle of humanitarian disciplines, but familiarizing with the basics of the scientific knowledge as such. Regardless of the subject, in the center of a scientific subject field there is the person.
The article considers the problems of development of the modern domestic education on the basis of unity of gnoseological and axiological approaches in the formation of personal qualities of young people. In opinion of the author, moral education should be understood as nurturing the humanized, value-system attitude to life which ensures steady and harmonious development of the person.
IIn the article there is analyzed the discrete character of social time, which, from the author's viewpoint, is connected with the process of generation change. The discrete character of social time makes it absolutely necessary to turn to the subject-subject approach in education. However, in the Russian educational system the subject-object approach is still dominant. The author finds the reason for this in the fact that in the Russian education time is still considered to be physical. The article emphasizes the necessity to overcome the understanding of time only as a physical phenomenon and suggests starting thinking about time as a social phenomenon.
P. V. Ushakov
Keywords: the basic question of education, the partial approach and the holistic approach to the person in education, symbols of the person in education
Pages: 273-282
In the article there are revealed the essence and specificity of the person's existence in the education system, which represents a subsystem in the society's structure, as well as a sphere of activity turned to the person. The author analyzes the characteristics of the person as the basic, initial structurally-organizational unit of the society and as a product of the education system; and substantiates multidimensionality of interactions of the person, education and society in the modern socio-cultural life. The basic question of education is revealed in the aspect of partial and holistic approaches to formation of the person. As a whole, in the article there is presented the research of the problem of the person in education from the positions of the basic question of education, in two variants: the unilateral (partial) and complete (holistic) approaches to the person in education.
The authors undertakes an attempt to analyze the formation stages of the domestic philosophy of upbringing. To carry out this analysis, the authors describes two different approaches. The first of them is connected with the understanding of the problematics of the philosophy of upbringing as a part of a wider context of the philosophy of education; the rationale is that the philosophy of upbringing has the same, as the education philosophy, object and subject, as well as the research methodology. The second approach is based on the thesis of non-coincidence of the context of the upbringing philosophy and the education philosophy. Based on the second point of view, the authors offers a periodization of the formation of the domestic philosophy of upbringing.
