Home – Home – Jornals – "Philosophy of Education" 2010 number 1

New laser flash technique for the measurement of heat transfer coefficients of liquid metals is presented. The thermal diffusivity of the liquid mercury has been studied experimentally over the room temperature range. The thermal conductivity coefficient has been calculated with the use of the reference data on density and heat capacity. Analysis of systematic errors of the measurements has shown that the data error is about 3%. Comparison of the obtained results with data available in publications has proved their reliability.

Results of statistical measurement of n-pentane and n-hexane boiling-up expectancy time near the boundary of attainable superheating are presented. Experiments were carried out in glass capillaries with various volumes of superheated liquid. Several samples with the volume from 100 to 200 measurements of life time for preset metastable state have been obtained (p, T = const). Their histograms contain small empty initial section, maximum and long "tail" in the area of large times. Non-monotonous dependence of probability distribution density on time proves non-stationary character of the random process resulting in the production of supercritical embryo. Two simple approximations of non-stationary nucleation flow well describing experimental data have been considered. For exponential distribution, the probabilities of experimentally found peculiarities of boiling-up expectancy time distribution density have been evaluated; they prove incompatibility of this distribution with the experimental one.

Nonstationary radiative-convective heat transfer was simulated at turbulent streamlining of a semitransparent film of melt on a flat plate by the gas mixture and solid particles. The moving film is subjected to intensive radiation heating by an external source radiating within a limited spectral range. The temperature and velocity fields are calculated in the boundary layer and in the film. Calculation results allow determination of the effect of source temperature and film initial heating on dynamics of temperature and velocity fields of the medium in the boundary layer-film system.

Electrical characteristics of a molten carbonate fuel cell allowing direct electrochemical oxidation of dispersed hydrocarbons have been examined. As the fuel, graphite, anthracite, and cannel coal samples were used. Data illustrating the effect of electrolyte temperature, fuel type and dispersion, and also reactant gas mixture composition on the performance characteristics of the fuel cell, were obtained. Correlation between the specific characteristics of the fuel cell and the hydrogen content of fuel material was established. The maximum current-density values were achieved with hydrogen-rich cannel coal. For dispersed fuel samples, inter-particle contact losses were found to have influence on the cell-generated voltage. The maximum cell open-circuit voltage was reached with stoichiometric oxygen-carbon dioxide mixture blown into the cathode. Yet, the largest current-density values were obtained when carbon dioxide lean mixtures were used. Even at zero carbon dioxide concentration the range of cathode polarizations was less than that observed with stoichiometric mixture. The processes proceeding in the cathode and anode packs of the fuel cell are believed to be inter-related processes. In a model fuel cell fueled with dispersed coal, current densities up to 140 mA/cm² and specific powers up to 70 mW/cm² were achieved.

The paper presents the results of treatment of transformer oil containing less than 2 ppm polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in a plant of high-temperature plasma melting of ash residues after the municipal waste incineration. The content of undecomposed PCBs, dioxins, and other hazardous waste in all secondary products of treatment (off gases; slag; secondary fly ash; process water used for slag granulation) was analyzed by different methods. Performed analytical investigations showed high ecological degree of PCB decomposition in the plant of plasma-thermal treatment of ashes after incinerators.

The processes of spraying by the gas-liquid injector head of the low-thrust liquid-propellant engine combustor are investigated on model components (air and water) using the noncontact diagnostics methods based on laser sources. New quantitative dependencies are obtained for the influence of various factors and parameters on the spraying characteristics.

A local damping of eddy viscosity depending on the ratio of the production of turbulent energy to turbulence dissipation rate is proposed at the computation of flows in transonic axial compressors. The results of the numerical modeling of flows in compressor NASA Rotor 37 are presented, and the computed distributions of the increase in the total temperature and total pressure are compared with experimental data for different rotation frequencies. An increase in the accuracy of modelling was obtained in all considered regimes.

The secondary and erosion characteristics of the electric-arc plasmatorch were studied experimentally. Formulas for arc voltage calculation depending on helium flow rate, diameter of the inner cavity of cylindrical copper anode, arc current, and distance from the nozzle to metal melt were derived.

Physical and chemical properties of carbon-carbonic condensate synthesized by the plasma-arc technology have been studied experimentally. X-ray phase analysis has been performed, the isotherms of physical adsorption and sorption ability of the synthesized material have been measured. It has been concluded that this material offers promise as a carrier of catalytic nanoparticles and effective sorbent.

We have obtained inequality where J is the frequency of homogeneous nucleation, V and are, respectively, volume and average lifetime of the superheated liquid, and is relative statistical error Inequality appears to be a consequence of nucleation homogeneity and stability used at its deduction and taken in the theory as initial and determinant assumption. Calculations with the use of experimental data for the boundaries of the attainable superheating show that inequality is not satisfied. Thus, experimental data can not be considered a proof of the theory fundamentals.

The paper was written for the purpose of philosophical analysis of the hierarchical interrelations in the innovative education. Author accentuates the meaning of inversion; he postulates the basic opposition of order and inversion. Order is an ordered functional hierarchy in the system. In the order, the system is formed according to a common scheme from the simple to the complex. On the contrary, inversion stipulates a functional overturn of the structure. Inversion is a universal mechanism in the hierarchical interrelations. In the innovative education, inversion means a subjective interchange of purpose and means. The paper is based on the interdisciplinary approach.

The article is devoted to the analysis of philosophic-educational problems in the training of qualified specialists. Some innovative trends of modernization of Russian education are analyzed. A special attention is paid to improving the quality of training of the teachers of geometry in connection with the poor level of the school-graduates' knowledge of this subject. The article touches upon the possibility of making use of a competence-based approach for realization of the tasks of education modernization. Some perspectives of its applying in higher education are discussed. There are pointed out some possibilities of usage of the innovative means of informatization to form the students' competence in geometry.

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the rhetoric, communicative strategy and symbolical means applied in the television advertising, which are called to appeal to the feeling of national pride of the mass-media audience. According to the author's concept based on the principles of social constructionism, it is necessary to determine how the projects of modernization/traditionalization of Russia and the media environment of the Russian TV relate to each other " in order to find out how the authors of these projects view the national identity.

In the article there are studied the problems of development of the domestic education system in new conditions. It is established that to maintain the quality of education in the new economic conditions, there is needed significant participation of the state which regulates the educational activity. The authors also emphasize the necessity of preservation of the fundamental domestic educational traditions as a condition of national safety of the domestic educational sphere and also its steady development in the new economic conditions.

The purpose of the study is to show how the definitions of the concepts of «innovation» and «culture» influence the civilization development vector. There are many definitions of these concepts. Two directions of the civilization development are identified in the article: the market-economical and the cultural-ecological ones. Various approaches to the definition of the concepts of «innovation» and «culture» within these two directions are analyzed. Through this analysis, it is shown how the Western civilization, developing on the market-economical basis, slides to destruction, and how the representatives of the cultural-ecological direction try to stop this slide.

In the article the author analyzes such concepts as "designing" and "simulation", examines the stages and types of designing, which is proposed as an instrument of improving the education quality.

State policy in the sphere of higher education is the most significant external factor influencing planning of the organizational development of the institution of higher education and the management of the educational process. Internationalization of higher education and the construction of the unified educational space necessitate adaptation of the fundamental principles of the Bologna convention to the national educational standards. The authoress analyzes the existing problems of adaption of the higher medical education in Russia to the fundamental principles of the Bologna convention.

The article deals with the relation between virtuality and reality in the process of education. The authors observe a certain imbalance between such function of education as self-reproduction, self-development and self-preservation of the society and the function of development and perfection of the person. The expansion of online-education and the IT technology are identified as certain catalytic agents for this, and they lead to virtualization of education and a qualitative change in the educational process. In these conditions, education loses its social function and gets closer to the transformation to its own antipode. The education conversion to virtuality as well as the information increase leads not only to deflation of the student's status but also to deflation of education within the process of socialization.

The author analyzes the problem of innovative development of the education system in the modern informational conditions. It is indicated that now there are actively taking place numerous innovative processes involving the education system. It is emphasized that innovations in education develop in two basic directions: on one hand, in the direction of increase of the educational process efficiency (quality), and, on the other, in the direction of quantitative increase of innovations connected with the usage of modern innovative educational technologies.

The article gives a brief analysis of the key problems of the modern educational system. There is considered a classical paradigm of the learning process as a rigidly structured unidirectional process of transferring information from the teacher to the students. There is substantiated a necessity of a new paradigm of education as a two-way information exchange in the teacher-student system, based on free creativity, equality and mutual learning in the process of collaborative educational, play, research and practice activities.

In the paper the author suggested an approach to the construction of the methodology of studying and managing of the informational processes in the educational systems based on a social-philosophical analysis of the problems of education informatization. It is shown that the informatization in the field of education essentially differs by its subjective character from the informatization of the society; the informatization of education most directly affects the sphere of values; and this results in the necessity to delineate the borders of informatization of education and work out appropriate measures reflecting qualitative transitions in the dynamics of this phenomenon of social reality.

The authors analyze the content and the meanings of the present stage of social development in its interrelations with education, and also the essence, role and symbols of education in the society of the XXI century. In the article, there is studied the specificity of social development in end of XX - the beginning of XXI centuries, there are shown interrelation and distinctions of various steps of postindustrial society (information society, society of knowledge and innovative society), there is demonstrated the specificity of educational systems at these steps of the social organization. Thus, there is substantiated specific role and content of education for various forms of organization of modern society: knowledge-based and innovative ones.

The article is devoted to realization of the socio-integrative function of education in the conditions of sharp social stratification of students. Revealing the contradictions in the realization of the socio-integrative function of education in modern mass school, the author gives some details of a pilot study of the specificity of the cultural capital of the students from different social strata, indicating the socio-cultural dissonance in the school, and formulates proposals for the optimization of pedagogical interaction in the conditions of sharp social stratification of students.

The article is devoted to integration of the Russian higher education into the European system of higher education. The author notices that one of the basic problems of integration of the Russian higher education consists in legal regulation of the transition to the two-level system of higher education.

The purpose of the article is to identify and structure the conceptually-theoretical positions and the procedural-technological experience, which formed the content of the educational policy of Russia in the second half of the XIX - the beginnings of XX centuries. In the study, there is revealed the urgency of formation of the educational policy in Russia in the historical-pedagogical retrospective. There are revealed the specific features of the educational policy in Russia in the indicated period. The specificities of the competencies delineation between the government supreme bodies in the educational sphere are studied. The preconditions of the educational policy development during the considered period are revealed. The influence of the socio-pedagogical movement on the formation of educational policy is characterized.

The author addresses the problem of national security and the role of the education system in maintaining its proper level, which is very important in modern conditions. In the article, the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation till 2020 is considered, and it is shown that it forms a harmonious system and corresponds to the short-term, intermediate-term and long-term prospects of the development of Russia. A conclusion is made that, within the framework of this Strategy, there is offered an essentially new approach to the safety issues, which considers the domestic education system as a basic strategic national priority due to its influence on all levels of national security without exception.

In the article, local self-government is studied as a basis of the democratic civil society. There is shown that the development of local self-government relies on the principles of self-organization of the society. The development of self-government can take place as a result of natural evolution, or it can take place because of the influence of outer factors. There is proved that the way of natural development provides the formation of local community. It appears as a mechanism of interaction between the society and the state, and as a steward of the local and state interests.

The epistemological basis of modern education is based on an open and developing world map that matches the innovative character of the present-day society. This approach is incommensurate with the classical pedagogical theory that handles classroom knowledge in the form of textbooks listing scientific facts. The paper is aimed at describing a set of pedagogic ideas from the leading edge of the cognitive interest of the knowledge society. The author formulates the notion of generative didactics, revealed through the concepts of "cognitive flexibility", "cognitive generacy" and "socio-cultural interaction" within the educational process.

There is a fundamental dependence between the level of the society development and the level of the education quality in it. The term «crisis of the world education system» appeared in the Western literature at the end of the sixties of the ХХ century and referred to the fact that the learners did not make good practical use of the obtained knowledge and could not make a decision in a non-typical situation. The problem of reforming the domestic educational system has been actively discussed beginning from the 90th. The main reasons for this are the appearance of the children from the «school non-adaptation risk group» at the beginning of the nineties and the actions of «reformers» without the objective appraisal of their consequences. The philosophical understanding of the changes in modern education is required. This is illustrated in the article by the example of the school mathematics course. It is shown that the education quality is diminished because of the «reformers»' effort to cram into a limited time as much diverse information as possible, while the connection to the content and teaching methods in the higher education institutions is utterly lacking. In the opinion of the authors, due to the Unified State Examination in mathematics, the evaluation of knowledge becomes objective.

On the basis of the civilizational approach, the author studies the logic of the educational reforms proposed by the contemporary Russian government. Demonstrating the relationship between the society and the school, the author stresses that the aforementioned reform activity is directed towards dismantling the traditional complex of social ties, which are very important for reproduction of the Russian society.

The article draws attention to the expediency of the governmental steps in the change of children, young people and their parents' attitude towards a book and reading. The author considers the role of a book and reading in the development of personality. The ways of the British schoolchildren reader development and the role of the British government in their integration are analyzed. A review of the key projects carried out by the government and social institutions of the United Kingdom for the formation of a wider reading community and the increase of the reading and a book status in the society is given.

The article deals with some traditional and modern approaches to education in China. The author describes cultural background and achievements in efficient combining both ideas in the development of education. Some contradictory tendencies in the Chinese culture are shown: on one hand, numerous inventions and the cult of knowledge and, on the other hand, cautious attitude to any progress which could possibly lead to the job imbalance. The author uses his own translation of the relevant materials from the publications of contemporary Chinese scholars and gives his conclusion concerning the development of education in China nowadays as based on the synthesis of traditional values and innovative solutions.

The article investigates the practical aspect of Mahatma Ghandi's philosophy of education. The article's theme is the system of education developed by Mahatma Ghandi. The author makes accent on the fusion and development of the Eastern and European, the antic and modern, the paradoxes and constant tendencies in Ghandi's world outlook. These features are revealed through the relations between teacher and pupil, through the methods of education. A conclusion is made that the only right way to change life is through education and upbringing of people, their self-development and purification.

In the article the author studies the role of educational institutions of Japan in bringing into life the politics of transformation of the gender relations in the conditions of cultural globalization. The author points out the high significance of educational institutions in the process of adopting new values in a "strong" culture (like the Japanese one), because they are generating social subjects who accept these new values.

This paper presents a philosophical analysis of the significance of sport from the point of view of truth in the sense of unconcealment (aletheia). The essence of sport is not a battle in the sense of war but a conflict which is a condition for truthful unconcealment. Through sport the common man can experience truth in its purest form and that is why doping is not only unethical but is also a direct verbalism of a fundamental existential lie.

More than ever, the accent in modern economy is put on the use of knowledge and information. The structure of knowledge of the population is a reflection of the country's maturity. Everyone who wants it should have the right to education. However, judging from the experience of the economically developed European countries, the society of knowledge does not solve the problems of low competitiveness, high unemployment rate, the development of democracy and civil society. An analysis is needed of the changes in education in the transforming economy - changes exerting active influence on the labor market and the society.

Modern education faces educators' lack of desire to reconsider their non-constructive professional attitudes. In the article, a philosophical analysis of the problem of conservative views and attitudes is given. Through theoretical and methodological research the author reveals the factors that influence the process of rethinking of the person's life and professional values. Some mechanisms of influence of the stereotyped professional attitudes on the person's essential structures are studied. Some conditions that are vital for restructuring the social attitudes are considered. There are indicated further research directions concerning the phenomenon of changing of the educators' professional attitudes.

In the article the author examines the concept of formation of the teacher's professionalism from the positions of philosophy, psychology, and pedagogy; and based on this, he determines its essence, structure and content, and also demarcates the concepts of "professional formation" and "formation of professionalism". The analysis of the periodization of professional formation, the contents of the concept of professionalism, widely represented in the scientific literature, allowed the author to isolate the basic stages of formation of the teacher's professionalism. To expand this concept, there is carried out a substantive analysis of professionalism, which presupposes its study as a property, a process and a state of the professional. It is substantiated that, at present, the problem of working out the measures providing continuous education is especially urgent.

The author of the article draws attention to the problem of formation of the specialist's foreign language communicative competence; indicates the opportunity and conditions of its formation within the framework of the University education. The author suggests making a special accent on comparison of many different conceptual systems in the context of global and national cultures.   It will lead to comprehension by the student of his/her own uniqueness as a cultural-historical subject. The author gives her own definition of competence as an integrated, universal quality of the person, its readiness for any situations in life and situations of professional interaction in the field of foreign language communication.

In the article, there is considered professional formation of the future specialist as a process on which the modern institution of initial vocational training can be focused. The author characterizes the preconditions, existing in pedagogy, of transferring the current philosophical foundations of education into the practice of organization of the educational processes in the institutions of initial vocational training and their management. As an example, the author considers the program of development of one of the professional schools of Nizhnevartovsk.