Home – Home – Jornals – "Philosophy of Education" 2009 number 4

We discuss the chemistry of exceptionally rare phlogopite inclusions coexisting with ultramafic (peridotitic) and eclogitic minerals in kimberlite-hosted diamonds of Yakutia, Arkhangelsk, and Venezuela provinces. Phlogopite inclusions in diamonds are octahedral negative crystals following the diamond faceting in all 34 samples (including polymineralic inclusions). On this basis phlogopite inclusions have been interpreted as syngenetic and in equilibrium with the associated minerals. In ultramafic diamonds phlogopites coexist with subcalcic high-Cr₂O₃ pyrope and/or chromite, olivine, and enstatite (dunite/harzburgite (H) paragenesis) or with clinopyroxene, enstatite, and/or olivine, and pyrope (lherzolite (L) paragenesis). Ultramafic phlogopites have high Mg# [100 ?Mg/(Mg+Fe)] from 92.4 to 95.2 and Cr₂O₃ higher than TiO₂ in H-phlogopites (1.5-2.5 wt.% versus 0.1-0.4 wt.%, respectively) but lower in L-phlogopites (0.15-0.5 wt.% versus 1.3-3.5 wt.%, respectively). Eclogitic (E) phlogopites show Mg# from 47.4 to 85.3 inclusive, and very broad ranges of TiO₂ up to 12 wt.%. The primary syngenetic origin of phlogopite is indicated, besides other factors, by its compositional consistency with the associated minerals. The analyzed phlogopites are depleted in BaO (0.10-0.79 wt.%), and their F and Cl contents are highly variable, reaching 1.29 and 0.49 wt.%, respectively. The latter is in line with high Cl enrichment in some unaltered kimberlites and in nanometric fluid inclusions from diamonds. The presence of syngenetic phlogopite in kimberlite-hosted diamonds provides important evidence that volatiles participated in diamond formation and that at least part of diamonds may have been related to early stages of kimberlites formation.

Planning is a typical and major function of education, containing as the main components not only forecasting of the future development but also development of the technologies of its realization. As applied to the system of higher professional education, the technologies of planning are connected with the main principles of the training quality management, are based on innovative models, characterize management on the basis of the current control over realization of a concrete kind of activity, extrapolation and prediction of changes in order to determine the future parameters in view of available data on their changes during the last periods, examinations of quality of educational service, making adequate decisions.

Why metaphysics of education? Because it is important to look at education in the context of the world outlook evolution. N. O. Lossky wrote that the world outlook aspires « to understand what the world is as a whole, comprehend the meaning of the world process, and, at the same time, define both the position and purpose in the world »; metaphysics « is a science about the world as a whole; it gives the general picture of the world as a basis for all particular statements about it » [1, pp. 4-5]. Metaphysics is fundamental penetration into the core of any process, fostering comprehension of its meaning. For this reason, it is necessary to turn to metaphysics for revealing the general picture of education as the foundation of all particular conclusions about it.
Depending on the set goals, the approaches to education can (and should) be different. But sooner or later researchers should come to the question of the foundations of education. Certainly, it is possible to pretend that the foundations of education do not exist at all; especially, because the way to them is hard, it does not tolerate fussiness and does not promise immediate practical results. Entering it, it is impossible to count on the prompt political or economic benefits. But it is necessary to pass this way in order to reach the meaning of education; then it is possible to go deep safely into the empirical part of education, where its meanings function, to understand how they operate. All this allows seeing more comprehensively the consequences of the reforms in education.

The article deals with the analysis of the education philosophy.   The problems of education and erudition in the information age, the role of universities in the globalization epoch are considered. The author discusses the aims of the Russian educational system as an instrument of saving the national identity in the conditions of globalization.

The key problem of the article is education in the conditions of crisis. The situation defined as a crisis of narrations has resulted in the collapse of the majority the principles of classical education and upbringing. The author's opinion is as follows: to overcome crisis, education as a governmental ideological institute has to turn to the classical philosophical culture.

In the article the authors pay attention to the phenomenal structure of a concept in which rational and extra-rational bases are united.  In these facts one perceives the opportunity of shaping an integrated reason, which is capable of understanding adequately the experience of culture as a whole, not reducing it to the experience of reason only. Such an integrated reason is able to think within the logic of the event, where the world is revealed in the aspects of phenomenal structure, is shown not only as existing but also as forming and given. Formation of the integrated reason makes philosophy the main part of education, which is understood not only as education of man but as the formation of meaning.

In the article the author considers the concept of "civil society". The author describes the interaction of state and civil society. The role of education in civil societies of different type is showed.  The education in the liberal and conservative civil societies is supposed to prepare the best specialists. The education in the conciliar civil society is aimed to prepare the social avant-garde.

In the article there is considered the problem of the influence of visual aids, realized by the personal computer means, on the formation of abstract thinking.
Based on the theoretical and applied research it is proved that the visual aid in solving the problem can have positive influence only in the case of pupils' solving the elementary problems. If one makes the conditions more difficult, the visual aid can't serve as a starting moment, predetermining the positive result, because the necessary abstract thinking activities, that is, the logical factor, have a decisive importance in this case. Using the dynamic modules, created by the author, is more effective only when they have a considerable function in the whole system of forming the abstract thinking. Under this condition the necessary correspondence between the abstract and figurative components of thinking and the visual dynamic sketches really helps to teach solving problems.

The article is dedicated to the specific features of the multi-media culture phenomenon in relation to time (postmodernism) and place (innovative cultures of developed postindustrial societies). The author analyses the inner system-constituting factors of the multimedia culture such as structure, functions and contents, and the outer system-constituting factors such as politics, economics, ideology and scientific-technological achievements which determine the dynamics of development. The researcher shows the complex character of multimedia system and the necessity to reform it with consideration of the particular character of postmodernism and the cultural space in which the interacting systems are formed and transformed. He also highlights the specific features characterizing modern system of the multi-media culture.

In the article the mass communication media are considered as tools of the society management. Through the mass communication media the information product gets into the widest strata of the society, the most remote corners both within the national societies and in the global scale.

This article is about a system of modular courses as a substantial basis for forming academic mobility of the prospective teachers of computer science. The authors think that it's time to introduce into practice the notion of «academic mobility of the prospective computer science teachers». And that's why it's necessary to study the questions connecting with the substance of education.
Creation of a methodical system of forming the academic mobility of the prospective teachers of computer science was directed to develop the parameters in the structure of academic mobility. According to this purpose there were selected the substance, forms and methods, which were adequate to the structurally-substantial characteristics of the academic mobility of the prospective teachers of computer science and fostered the development of its parameters.

Reconstruction of the Russian system of higher education, Russia's entering the Bolognese Process change the demands to the parameters of professional activity adaptation of students in the institutions of higher education. Uncertainty of the theoretical foundations of professional activity adaptation of the students demands today searching new instrumental procedures and social approaches.

The innovative approaches to education in conditions of a new formed society аre considered. The role of information -communication technologies in modern educational process is determined. The complex analysis of a place and role of system of education in a modern society will be carried out. The prospects of development of system of education for successful formation of the socially adaptive person capable to the further intensive self-development, development and creation of new knowledge are considered. The conclusion is offered that the system of education with new social functions can become a basis of a formed society of knowledge.

The article presents an attempt to define the objective ontological basis and the main reason of development of technical education. There is established the genetic dependence of the state of technical education on the existence and change of this or that paradigm (model) of technics. The hypothesis is made that working out a new model of technics is necessary for creation of an optimal model of technical education, which would be more adequate to its current state. There are indicated some shortcomings of the modern technical education resulted from the «elementary» paradigm and, as a consequence, the corresponding concept of technics.

The purpose of the article is to consider the essence of the problem methodology as one of the ways of innovative organization of the educational process. The characteristics of the problem methodology are analyzed. It is specified that the problem methodology focus the person on the work in the situation of uncertainty which trains him/her self-reliance, creativity and independence. Such skills are necessary for the modern expert who should work in the conditions of modernization of the Russian society, directed on the formation of innovational vector of development. The author describes the specific features of application of the problem methodology in education, such as auxiliary character of the problem methodology and the necessity of its application together with the traditional methodology of organization of the educational process.

Flexibility of the educational space borders is interconnected with localization of social resources. Mobility of the resources is a condition of the educational space reorganization. Regionalizing of the resources is described through interaction of subjects. The authors characterize the paradoxes in research, usage and reproduction of the resources for education on the territory of the region.

Something stable and universal is forming in the new understanding of the globalizing world, the goal of which is to provide modern education; i.e., mankind must think in its actions in a wider and even planetary scale.  It must see the necessity of coordination of all actions which are capable of influencing the primary source of social life - the global ecological system - the biosphere, understanding the unity of this system and the dependence on it the same way as a part depends on the whole.

The goal of the article is search and optimization of the innovative means, forms and methods of an individual style of school activities for the future teacher. The main theme of the article is the state of this problem in the theory and practice of the system of professional training of specialists and also studying the technological preconditions of its cultivation. There is substantiated the usage of the physical culture as a means of forming an individual style of school activity for the future teacher. The results of experimental research are presented by the author. They are incorporated into the teaching process, proving their effectiveness.

There are considered in the article the preconditions, conditions and methods of solving the problem of realization of philosophical generalization of knowledge for the natural-science disciplines, in particular, physics, ensuring continuity of the school and higher education in the context of the problem. The basic ideas are the following: dialogue in the doctrines, knowledge in the structure of intelligence, psychology of cognitive activity, expansion of the conceptual field of the subject in new informational and technological conditions as the purposes and values of the system of knowledge.

One of the priority trends of realization of a «soft» model of teaching physics is directed to the development of paradoxical thinking. With such an approach one can obtain efficiency and quality of education, development of creative thinking personality. At the same time, learning becomes enjoyable. The article deals with the problem of improving the quality of physics education through the development of paradoxical thinking of students by means of using physical paradoxes.

The main idea of the article is the following:  formation of the innovative society is based on the system of innovative education. This new education has to be the leader in the process of forming a new culture. The new society is based on the idea of partnership of social subjects. The state, business, science and education show mutual interests in technoparks. But each of the partnership members has its own sphere of interests, norms, and rules. And it is only in mutual framework of organized interaction that the new educational conception can be elaborated.

The article is devoted to the problem of innovative approach to the organization of the educational environment. On the basis of an ecological-psychological approach there is considered the importance of researching the ways of optimization of the spatial-subject component of the educational environment; there is performed an attempt to operationalize the «open» educational environment concept and the definition of personification of the environment as one of the main resources of personality development.

In the article the author reveals the notion of "innovation"; it is shown that its implementation requires co-operative integration of scientific and pedagogic ideas with the practice on the basis of an educational program. A special attention is paid to the role of the program in the construction of a net association of the educational institutions to create the innovative educational practice in a region.

The evolutionary ontology differs from the traditional one by: 1) the subject; 2) the way of its interpretation; and 3) the social role. The subject of the traditional ontology was the abstract understanding of existence. The subject of the evolutionary ontology is the natural existence, the ontically opposite cultural existence, and the ontic conflict of the former with nature. In the treatment of the natural existence the traditional ontology preferred stability, passivity and reversibility; on the other hand, the evolutionary ontology emphasizes its process-like character, its ontic activity and irreversibility. 3) The traditional ontology was abstractly academic and individually consoling. The evolutionary ontology, which reveals the essence of the global ecological crisis, can carry out the general word-outlook and the cultural-paradigmatic functions.

This article deals with fundamental questions of values, evaluation and values education. The term 'values' is looked at from a historical and systematic point of view and the basic characteristics of values education are outlined.

In modern Russia some dynamic changes are taking place related to the restructuring of all systems of social relations and forms of social consciousness, as a result of the process of formation of the legal state coincided with the global financial crisis. Problems of formation and development of legal consciousness of citizens are particularly relevant today, because high intellectual level of society, its political and legal culture is an essential prerequisite for the rule of law. The purpose of the paper is to show the specificity of the formation of national justice, to identify deviations existing at the moment, as well as the main directions for further research that should form the basis of the legal education of the population.

In this article there is performed a social-philosophical analysis of the problem of quality of higher professional education in the modern Russian conditions (on the example of domestic higher legal education). The article demonstrates that the education quality is a developing concept which reflects social aims in each concrete historical period. Moreover, the quality of domestic education, for the first time, must ensure the national security of our country. The problems of this investigation are very urgent, because improving the domestic education quality is a problem of state importance. The problem is directly related to the defensive capability of our country and the security in the world.

The contemporary Russian society and state entering into the global transformation process radically changed the nature and directions of the society development. In Russia the process of becoming a legal state took place in the period which was called transitional. Such a period presupposes transformation in all spheres of the society, and, first of all, in the legal sphere. Reforming the educational system of modern Russia was also involved into the global process. Legal consciousness means the aggregate of ideas, senses, points of views, concerning the law. The main purpose of juridical consciousness is to adjust the attitudes of people in order to save the unity of the society. Juridical consciousness is the most important part of the development of cooperation between countries.

Features of the physicochemical properties of uranium oxide are considered in the review. Chemical processes that involve the catalysts containing the compounds of depleted uranium are considered. The data published within the years 1964 to 2009 are included in the review.

Thermooxidative destruction and combustion in the flare of fine coal obtained by mechanochemical treatment in high-energy activator mills of different types are studied. Activation in mills leads to a decrease in particle size, enhancement of the reactivity of fine coal, and accelerates coal combustion in flare. The effect of combustion acceleration is essentially dependent on the type of mechanical treatment. In the case of the close particle size distribution, activation under the free shock conditions is more efficient: the flare turns out to be close to the flare of gas fuel. In comparison with coal obtained under the conditions of restricted shock, fine coal obtained under free shock conditions burnt immediately after preparation is characterized by higher (by 20 %) rate of oxidation under non-isothermal conditions, while the maximal process temperature changes from 560 to 780 ^оC. The effect has a reversible character; it remains essential for the interaction of coal particles with oxygen of the air under non-isothermal conditions for 2 h.

Changes of the supramolecular structure of the yeast cell wall under the action of mechanical activation are studied. It is established that the reactivity of the polysaccharides of cell wall towards the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis increases substantially. A new method to obtain biologically active mannanooligosaccharides is proposed; this method is based on the mechanical activation of enzymatic hydrolysis of the components comprising the supramolecular structure of cell wall, followed by extraction of the target components.

The substance of stored wastes from sulphide ore dressing (dumps of clinker from the Belovo zinc plant, tailings of the Komsomolskoye gold extracting plant and Salagaevo ravine of the Salair Ore Mining and Processing Plant) and recrements planned for storing during processing the ore bodies of the Vedugino gold deposit were investigated. Field experiments on draining the matter of the objects with natural neutral water were carried out. The amount of sulphate ions and metal ions passing into solution was estimated. A connection between the experimental data of physicochemical analyses (pH of the paste of the substance, acid-producing and acid-neutralizing potentials) and chemical composition (total concentration of the ions of major technogenic elements: iron, zinc, copper, cadmium, lead) in drainage flow is demonstrated.

Rickardine С (1), natural 18-membered macrocyclic bisbibenzyl and inhibitor of NO synthase, was extracted by us from Primula macrocalyx Bge. A series of modifications of compound 1 by interaction with various halogenides and anhydrides of acids in the presence of bases, resulting in the formation of ethers and esters of rickardine C, was obtained (4-15). The structure of the latter compounds was established using spectral methods and mass spectrometry.

Seasonal dynamics of the accumulation of the major component of Primula macrocalyx Bge. - bisbibenzyl rickardine C (1), inhibitor of inducible NO synthase, was investigated. Seven introduced populations of this species were studied. A wild-growing population of P. macrocalyx served as a reference. It is demonstrated that it is reasonable to pick the plant raw material for the purpose of extraction of bisbibenzyl (1) after blooming, at the bearing phase. In addition, during the investigation, 3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyflavone (2) and perrhottetine E (3) were isolated from the acetone extract of P. macrocalyx.

Data on the mechanochemical synthesis of single-phase hydroxyapatite (HA) with the substitutiosn of phosphate for silicate ion, having the composition Ca₁₀(PO₄)_4.28(SiO₄)_1.72(OH)_0.28 for use as the target material for hgih0-frequency magnetron sputtering are presented. The elemental composition of the coating deposited on titanium substrates of the Ti6Al4V type used as medical implants is similar tot he element composition of the target. According to the data of IR spectroscopy, the ions are built into the lattice of the coating which has the HA structure according to the XPA data. The
Si-HA coating has probably the amorphous and crystalline structure.

Structural and chemical changes in the minerals during fine grinding are investigated. It is established that mechanochemical treatment causes leveling of surface properties and worsening of the separation of mineral substances using the floatation method. The problem of decreasing defect formation and structure amorphization during fine grinding of geomaterials is formulated. For tinstone and copper-nickel ores as examples, the effect of surfactants on structural and chemical properties of the minerals was investigated; the possibility to slow down defect generation and amorphization decrease is demonstrated.

Reaction of the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of biodiesel - a mixture of methyl esters of fatty acids - is investigated for the purpose of obtaining linear alkanes. Precious metals (Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt) deposited on the binary oxide system CeO₂-ZrO₂ were used as catalysts. It is shown that these catalysts allow one to carry out efficient deoxygenation of methyl esters of fatty acids under hydrogen pressure 0.5 MPa within a broad temperature range (300-380 ^оC) resulting mainly in heptadecane (С₁₇Н₃₆). However, only in the presence of Rh and Ru catalysts the yield of alkanes is quantitative. The process of obtaining linear alkanes of the С₁₄-С₁₈ series using this method is positioned as a stage of production of high-quality kerosene fuel of plant origin.

Oxidation of iron in the underground low mineralized underground cold water of the Tyumen North by ecologically safe oxidizing agent - hydrogen peroxide - is investigated. The dependences of the residual iron content on the concentration and specific dose of the oxidizer for the process performed in a closed volume and with the sand filter loaded are obtained. The results of the investigation were used in designing and building the station of underground water conditioning with a productivity of 50 thousand m³/day in Novy Urengoy.

Antimycotic activity of monoterpenoids of menthane series and their thio derivatives obtained via the reaction of the corresponding monoterpenoids with thiols in the presence of Lewis acids was investigated. On the basis of (+)-1,2-oxide of limonene and methyl ester of mercaptoacetic acid in the presence of sodium methylate, an active antimycotic of the broad range of action was synthesized. The data on the toxicity of some monoterpenoids are reported.