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Russian Geology and Geophysics

2001 year, number 7

GENETIC ASPECT OF Cu-Ni SULFIDE MINERALIZATION DURING KOMATIITE AND RELATED MAGMATISM

V. V. Zolotukhin, G. V. Polyakov, P. A. Polyakov, and A. I. Glotov
Keywords: Komatiites, picrites, Cu-Ni sulfide ores, genesis, genetic types
Pages: 1090-1099

Abstract

Three different genetic types of deposits have been analyzed to reveal similarities and differences of Cu-Ni sulfide mineralization. Comparison is performed by the example of the deposits related to the Archean komatiites of Western Australia, Phanerozoic (P-T) komatiites of Western Vietnam, and Phanerozoic (P-T) komatiite-like melts of the Norilsk district of the Siberian Platform. Comparison is made according to a number of indications and parameters of hugh genetic importance such as: geodynamic and geologotectonic setting, relation of the deposits to high-Mg melts, Ni/Cu propotions in ores and character of sulfide mineralization, facies of ore-bearing melts, specific conditions of deposition, etc. Taking into account literature and our own data, we suppose that the sulfide melt in the Archean komatiites is effused nearly simultaneously with their lavas at a small thickness of the Earth's crust, whereas the deposits in the Phanerozoic komatiite-like hypabyssal Norilsk ore-bearing intrusions are evidently dominated by sulfurization-metasomatic genesis. Unlike these, the Phanerozoic Ban Phuc deposit, related to a komatiite-basalt volcanoplutonic complex in northwestern Vietnam, exhibits an intermediate variant of genesis: It includes the appearance of massive veined ores at the magmatic stage of formation of this deposit, whereas the streaky and vein-disseminated ores seemed to appear during sulfurization -- at fluid-magmatic and hydrothermal stages. The close genesis of the considered types of deposits of Pt-Cu-Ni ore formation is mainly due to a deep-seated source of sulfur.