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Chemistry for Sustainable Development

2008 year, number 3

Biochemical Mechanisms of Plant Adaptation under Radiation Impact

E. P. KHRAMOVA1, G. I. VYSOCHINA1, O. V. TARASOV2, K. P. KOUTSENOGII3, E. I. KRYLOVA2, L. K. TRUBINA4 and S. YA. SYEVA5
1Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (Russia)
2Mayak Production Association, Ozersk (Russia)
3Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (Russia)
4Siberian State Academy of Geodesy, Novosibirsk (Russia)
5Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Altay Division, Chisty Lug Tract, Shebalino district, Kamlak Village (Russia)
Keywords: radiation impact, adaptation of plants, flavonoids, morphological characteristics, Pentaphylloides fruticosa
Pages: 257–265

Abstract

Radiation impact on plants Pentaphylloides fruticosa (L.) O. Schwarz has been studied. It has been established, that the radiation factor pressure initiates adaptation processes affecting the growth and development of plants, as well as physiological and biochemical reorganization of the metabolic processes determining population existence in a habitat. It is experimentally demonstrated that the biosynthesis of the total content of flavonoids in Pentaphylloides fruticosa leaves is intensified under radiation impact. It is revealed that the content of flavonols (both total and in groups) in P. fruticosa leaves demonstrates a 2.3-fold increase as compared to the reference, and at the same time the difference against the reference increases with the increase in the contamin ation level. Individual flavonoid components have been shown to form different types of response to radiation influence in an organism. The content of hyperosyde, quercitrin and kaempferol decreases with the increase in radiation contamin ation, the content of other flavonoid components, on the contrary, increases. The qualitative flavonoid content in leaves of both irradiated and reference plants remains constant. Phenomen a of leaf surface reduction, a lengthwise decrease in the annual spear and leafstalk gain, an increase in the number of leaves on a spear. It has been found that with the increase in irradiation the differences against the reference increased according to the majority of criteria. Different organs of Pentaphylloides fruticosa exhibit different accumulative ability with respect to radionuclides: the content of 90Sr in leaves is higher compared to that in stems irrespective of the level of contamin ation, whereas for 137Cs such a correlation is not observed.