Distribution of heavy metal salts in shoots of wild raspberries (Rubus idaeus L., 1753)
A. E. PARFENOVA1,2, S. V. KAPRANOV1, I. A. PARFENOVA3
1Federal Research Center “A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Sevastopol, Russia
2Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Moscow, Russia
3Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia
Keywords: heavy metals, soil, leaf cover, shoots, CBP, raspberry (Rubus idaeus L., 1753)
Abstract
The content of heavy metals (HM) in the soil, foliage and shoots of wild raspberries (Rubus idaeus L., 1753) was studied in the area of 24 km of Yaroslavskoye highway (highway M8): a highway with heavy traffic. The selection of soil samples and biomaterial was carried out at a distance of 100-150 m. The content of Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, Sr, Pb, Cr, Co, As, U, Cs, Sn, and Hg was determined in the samples. The biological absorption coefficient of HM (CBA) was calculated. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, PlasmaQuant MS Elite S-NR:11-6000ST043 (Austria), was used in the work. The soils were characterized by a high content of Fe, Cd (hazard class 1) and Sr (hazard class 3). Relative to Cd, the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) was exceeded by 1.8 times (3.59 ± 0.09 mg kg-1). A case of hyperaccumulation of Sr by raspberry leaf mass was noted. The content of this TM in the leaves was 1233.6 ± 360.5 µg-1 (CBA - 27.8 ± 5.8). The ability of raspberries to actively accumulate Cu, Cr, Sn and Hg is also shown. The CBA value for Hg was a maximum of 58.3±25.5. An analysis of the distribution of HM salts in raspberry shoots showed that their main content is found in the outer layers of the shoot, which is consistent with the bundle type of organization of the conducting raspberry tissue. The distribution of HM salts was uneven along the length of the stem. The main content was noted in the initial sections (0-15 cm), and then decreased in length to trace amounts (Pb, Co, Hg, Cs, Cr, As, and Fe). For Sn, Ni, Cd, and U, a jump of 45-50 cm was noted, which coincided with the location of the plant's leaf mass. The opposite results were obtained with respect to Sr and Zn. Their content increased evenly from the base of the shoot to the top of the stem. For these types of HM, the highest content in the leaf mass is noted.
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