Pit lakes of the Zavitinskоyе and Zhipkoshinskоyе ore deposits of Eastern Transbaikalia: ecology, hydrochemistry and hydrobiology
V. A. ABRAMOVA, L. V. ZAMANA, A. P. KUKLIN, E. Yu. AFONINA, N. A. TASHLYKOVA
Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology SB RAS, Chita, Russia
Keywords: mining landscapes, quarry, man-made reservoirs, phytoplankton, zooplankton, macroalgae
Abstract
The article presents the results of studies of the chemical composition of the waters of pit lakes formed after the development of the Zavitinskоyе lithium-beryllium and Zhipkoshinskоyе antimony deposits in the Trans-Baikal Territory. Data on the physico-chemical parameters of quarry waters, as well as the concentrations of macro- and micro components and their changes with depth were obtained. It has been established that the waters of the pit lakes are neutral and slightly alkaline, mainly of sulfate, sulfate-bicarbonate, and bicarbonate-sulfate magnesium-calcium type with abnormal concentrations of Li, Sr, and Ve in the reservoirs of the Zavitinskоyе, Sb, and As - Zhipkoshinskоyе deposits. Currently, the mines are closed, and the pit lakes, in particular the Zavitinskоyе deposit, are actively used by the population of nearby villages for recreation and fishing. In this regard, the contents of some components in quarry waters have been determined relative to the standards of maximum permissible concentrations of substances established for fisheries and drinking water bodies. The first data on phytoplankton, macroalgae and macrophytes, as well as zooplankton from man-made reservoirs of the above-mentioned deposits, were obtained, and their species and quantitative composition were determined. Low species diversity and low density of planktonic fauna and macrophytes were noted, which is due to the lack of biotopes for the development of diverse communities due to the limited catchment area, the steepness of the quarry walls, and, as a result, the absence of shallow waters with aquatic vegetation.
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