IMPACT DIAMOND FOSSILS. PSEUDO-PARAMORPHS
T.G. Shumilova1, S.I. Isaenko1, V.N. Bocharov2, V.V. Ulyashev1, S.A. Svetov3, D.A. Mandrygina4, A.A. Zubov1, N.S. Kovalchuck1, N.I. Maksimenko1, V.P. Lutoev1, V.K. Kis5
1Institute of Geology of the Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
2Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
3Institute of Geology of the Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
4Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
5HUN-REN Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
Keywords: Karite, diamond, astrobleme, impact metamorphism, fossil
Abstract
This paper provides a detailed characterization of karite, which is represented by diamond-bearing fossils from the Kara astrobleme that formed from organic matter, specifically from fragments of ungelified wood. A comprehensive range of methods was used for this analysis, including the study of structural features at the atomic resolution level, material composition, and spectroscopic characteristics. The diagnostic features of these fossils are examined, and the mechanisms of their formation and ontogeny are analyzed. A detailed study of the ontogenetic specificity of the diamond fossils, combined with data on their structural and material characteristics, revealed fundamental differences between the mechanisms of their formation and those of typical paramorphs and pseudomorphs. Consequently, these diamond fossils are classified as pseudo-paramorphs. Given the specific conditions required for the formation of the described diamond aggregates and other carbon phases derived from organic remains by impact, it is proposed that a new variety of fossils be distinguished: impact fossils. Finally, the potential use of impact diamond fossils for geological and genetic reconstructions is assessed.
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