The Nizhneleninskoye - Tongjiang border crossing as a factor of economic development of Jewish Autonomous Oblast
T.M. KOMAROVA, E.V. STELMAKH, D.M. FETISOV, S.A. SOLOVCHENKOV
Institute for Complex Analysis of Regional Problems, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Birobidzhan, Russia
Keywords: international transport corridors, infrastructure, Russian Far East, territory of advanced development, territorial-sectoral structure
Abstract
As part of the implementation of Russia’s “pivot to the East” policy, one of the priority areas in the sphere of improving transport infrastructure to ensure the socioeconomic development of the Far East region and its interaction with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region is the operation of the Nizhneleninskoye - Tongjiang railway bridge border crossing. It is shown that the key result of the project’s implementation at the present time is the development of transport and logistics infrastructure, providing connections between the industrial bases of Northern China and the Russian Far East and Eastern Siberia. It is noted that the organization of cross-border interaction and the creation of a transport corridor based on the Nizhneleninskoye - Tongjiang railway bridge crossing are associated with difficulties in logistics, and limitations in both infrastructure (shortfall in throughput capacity) and the range of potential trade turnover (agriculture predominates in the sectoral structure of the economy of the border regions of Heilongjiang Province and Jewish Autonomous Oblast (JAO)). The economy of the Leninsky district, where the bridge crossing is located, is currently based on agriculture and transport. Projects implemented both in the bridge area and in other parts of JAO are predominantly assigned to the “Amur-Khingan” territory of advanced development (TAD), as this allows investors to take advantage of additional tax breaks and preferences provided for TADs. Based on the analysis of investment projects, the prospects for changing the territorial-sectoral structure of the economy of JAO are considered. It is emphasized that, overall, among individual economic sectors, extractive industries and transportation and logistics services will experience the greatest development. The manufacturing industries will be supplemented by new types of activity for the region - the production of medical devices, the pharmaceutical industry and the production of mineral fertilizers, the placement of which is guided by the availability of qualified personnel and a favorable transport and geographical location.
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