COMPOSITION OF NEEDLES ESSENTIAL OIL FROM SIBERIAN SPRUCE, GROWING IN THE REPUBLIC OF KHAKASSIA
M. A. Plyashechnik, A. A. Aniskina, S. R. Loskutov, G. V. Permyakova, S. P. Efremov, A. V. Pimenov
Krasnoyarsk Science Centre of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: Picea obovata Ledeb, component composition, terpenes, gas chromatography mass spectrometry
Abstract
The terpene hydrocarbon component composition of the essential oil isolated from the six populations of Siberian spruce needles ( Picea obovata Ledeb.) growing on the eastern macroslope of the Kuznetsk Alatau (Republic of Khakassia) and orographically isolated from each other, was studied by chromatograph mass spectrometry. The essential oil content ranged from 0.042 % to 0.763 %. Thirty-three compounds were identified, representing 99.88 % of the terpene composition. The main groups of volatile substances detected in all studied needle samples were monoterpene hydrocarbons (15.09 % to 33.08 %) and their oxygen-containing derivatives (66.59 % to 84.91 %). The following monoterpenes were predominant: camphene (9.55-15.44), limonene (4.49-6.05), α-pinene (2.35-5.92), β-myrcene (1.20-1.67), santhene (1.45-2.8) % of the total oil content. The following oxygen-containing derivatives were present: bornyl acetate (49.82-83.02), camphor (1.76-5.43), camphene hydrate (1.40-4.42), borneol (1.29-4.05), eucalyptol (1.07-3.30). A high content of bornyl acetate was detected compared to the essential oil of Siberian spruce growing in other regions of Russia. The ratio of the essential oil component groups indirectly suggests that some spruce stands are exposed to stress factors. The obtained data contribute to the elucidation of patterns in the biodiversity of Siberian spruce.
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