Dragonheads of Dagestan. Communication I. Component composition of essential oil of Dracocephalum multicaule Montbret & Aucher ex Benth. (Lamiaceae)
N. V. PETROVA1, A. L. SHAVARDA1,2, N. A. MEDVEDEVA1,3, R. A. MURTAZALIEV4,5
1Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
2St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
3Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
4Dagestan Federal Research Centre RAS, Precaspian Institute of Biological Resources, Makhachkala, Russia
5State Nature Biosphere Reserve Dagestan, Makhachkala, Russia
Keywords: Dracocephalum multicaule, essential oil, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, germacrene D, spathulenol, allo-aromadendrene, α-humulene
Abstract
The volatile part of molecular resource of the plants belonging to Dracocephalum genus (dragonhead) of Lamiaceae family growing at the territory of Dagestan has been investigated. The subject of investigation was the component composition of essential oil in the above-ground part of Dracocephalum multicaule collected in three locations of the Akhty District (Dagestan, Russia). The yield of essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the dried plant raw material using a Ginsberg apparatus ranged from 0.7 to 1.2 %, recalculated for the dry weight. Analysis by gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry has revealed the presence of over 40 compounds, accounting for up to 99.4 % of the total amount of oil. The compounds dominating among monoterpenes were γ-terpinene, p-cymene, α-pinene, 1,8-cineole; among sesquiterpenes - germacrene D, spathulenol, allo-aromadendrene and α-humulene. It has been found that, while the component composition of the studied samples is the same, there is a significant variability in the concentrations of individual compounds.
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