Carbonic waters of the Khentei-Daurian vault
A.I. ORGILYANOV1, I.G. KRYUKOVA1, A.N. PYRYAEV2,3, P.S. BADMINOV1
1nstitute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
2V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
3Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: carbonic acid, isotopic composition, genesis, microelements, balneological use
Abstract
The article considers the conditions of formation of carbonic mineral waters common within the Khentei-Daurian vault, located in the neighbouring territories of Russia and Mongolia. This area belongs to the Daurian hydromineral region. Currently, 28 manifestations of carbonic waters are known, but there is a high probability that their number will increase with detailed research of this hard-to-reach territory. All carbonic springs are associated with tectonic fault zones. They are characterized by low water temperatures and high CO2 content. The main anion of the studied waters is bicarbonate, while calcium and magnesium predominate among the cations. Elevated concentrations of several balneologically valuable microelements are noted in the spring waters. One of the most valuable components is iron, which is present in all the studied springs. According to existing classifications, carbonic waters of the Khentei-Daurian vault belong to the Darasunsky, Kukinsky, and Lastochkinsky types. The analysis of the isotopic composition of carbon has shown that CO2 is of magmatic origin. Some enrichment with the light carbon isotope is explained by the influence of organogenic carbonic acid from coal seams or from peat bog deposits. There are resorts in Mongolia operating on the basis of carbonic waters of the Khentei-Daurian vault. In Russia, the former “Yamarovka” resort is used for bottling mineral water for retail sale; other carbonic springs are visited by vacationers without any organization. In addition to the water’s healing properties, the carbonic springs of the Khentei-Daurian vault are natural monuments and require constant protection from pollution and depletion.
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