Assessment of pollution of the environment with heavy metals in the area of used sludge ponds
T.A. TRIFONOVA1,2, O.G. SELIVANOV2, M.E. ILYINA2, A.A. MARTSEV2,3, I.N. KUROCHKIN4, Yu.N. KURBATOV2
1Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
2Vladimir State University, Vladimir, Russia
3Federal State Education Institution of Higher Professional Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russia Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
4Vladimirskaya TPP-2, “Vladimirsky” branch of PJSC “T Plus”, Vladimir, Russia
Keywords: municipal sewage sludge, deposition, sod-podzolic sandy-loam soils, surface waters, heavy metals, remediation
Abstract
The article presents the results of the study of chemical pollution of sewage sludge, soil, and surface watercourses with heavy metals in the area of used sludge ponds. High total contents of Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Ni, Pb and the metalloid As were found in sewage sludge. The highest concentrations were found for Cu (3,2-84,2 MAC) and Zn (3,0-77,9 MAC). Sampling of soil adjacent to the sludge ponds revealed excess levels for a number of heavy metals, with the maximum concentrations detected at a distance of 3 m from the boundary of the sludge ponds. The excess for Zn and Cu amounted to 37,5 MAC and 25,4 MAC, respectively. At a distance of 25 m from the sludge ponds, the excess was found mainly for Cu (1,05-1,69 times), and at a distance of 100 m and 650 m it was revealed for Zn and Cu. The ingress of heavy metals into the soil of adjacent areas indicates that the sludge ponds were constructed without isolating protective structures. The physicochemical properties of sod-podzolic sandy-loam soil contribute significantly to soil pollution with heavy metals. In samples of surface water, as well as in soil, excess levels of Cu, Zn, Fe, Ni, and Pb were detected. Particularly high concentrations are characteristic of Cu and Zn, which is primarily due to their increased migration activity along the soil profile, compared to other heavy metals. Addressing the problem of chemical pollution of used sludge ponds with heavy metals primarily involves mandatory remediation measures, using modern technologies such as geotubation of sewage sludge. The results of these studies can be used to assess anthropogenic impacts on soil and to scientifically substantiate necessary environmental protection measures.
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