Association of frequency of congenital anomalies of the nervous system in children with air pollution in Asian Russia
N.V. EFIMOVA1, V.N. VESELOVA2, V.S. RUKAVISHNIKOV1, A.V. BARDASH2, Z.A. ZAYKOVA3
1East Siberian Institute of Medical and Environmental Research, Angarsk, Russia
2V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
3Irkutsk State Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: congenital malformations, atmospheric air pollution index, benzapyrene, cluster analysis, risk zones, subjects of the Russian Federation
Abstract
Benzapyrene (BP), which has carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic properties, determines the level of urban air pollution. The purpose of the study: based on cluster analysis, to identify risk areas for the development of congenital anomalies of the nervous system associated with atmospheric air pollution in children of the аsian part of Russia. Materials and methods. The research was conducted based on data from 2017-2023 in 22 subjects of the Russian Federation. The following were studied: atmospheric pollution index (IPA), BP content; the number of exposed population (EN). The frequency of congenital anomalies of the nervous system in children aged 0-14 years is calculated per 100,000 population (‰ оо ) . It was found that the maximum BP levels were >100 MPC, the proportion of EN was 76,95 %, and the average incidence of congenital anomalies of the nervous system in children was 14,1 cases per ‰ оо. Correlation coefficients have been calculated, confirming the connection of the congenital anomalies of the nervous system and BP, IPA. Six clusters have been identified, among which the most disadvantaged with high levels of pollution and high pollution (43,9 ‰ оо) includes only the Irkutsk region. Risk zones are formed due to the peculiarities of weather conditions that contribute to the accumulation of pollutants, which requires the implementation of measures to reduce atmospheric air pollution.
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