Dynamics of the stratospheric polar vortex in winter 2024/2025: the role of wave processes and connection with tropospheric circulation
O.Yu. Antokhina1,2, P.N. Antokhin1, O.S. Zorkal’tseva2, A.V. Gochakov3, M.F. Artamonov2, S.M. Bobrovnikov1, V.I. Zharkov1
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
2Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Irkutsk, Russia
3Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: stratosphere, troposphere, polar vortex, sudden stratospheric warming, wave propagation, temperature anomaly, polar stratospheric clouds
Abstract
Winter 2024/2025 was characterized by anomalous stability of the stratospheric polar vortex (SPV), resulting from a combination of weak propagation of wave activity from the troposphere and strong zonal winds that created a barrier to vertical wave transport. Lidar measurements near Tomsk in February showed record-low temperatures (-85 °C) at altitudes of 15-20 km and the formation of polar stratospheric clouds, confirming the uniqueness of stratospheric conditions. In November-January, weak Rossby wave breaking processes and predominant zonal circulation over Eurasia were observed, while the final weakening of the SPV in early March was accompanied by a sharp restructuring of stratospheric circulation. These results are important for understanding the mechanisms of SPV stability and their influence on atmospheric dynamics.
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