Geographical prerequisites for optimizing the network of natural reserve fund objects in Rostov oblast
A.A. CHIBILEV
Institute of Steppe, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
Keywords: environmental zoning, continuous and representative network of SPNAs, landscape diversity, biodiversity, natural monument, cluster organization of SPNAs
Abstract
Currently, the Russian Federation is experiencing a decline in attention to the scientifically based formation of regional networks of specially protected natural areas (SPNAs) on a landscape-geographical basis. Despite the fact that state regulation of territorial nature conservation has existed in the country, and government bodies in the field of environmental protection have begun to form since 1989, systems of regional and federal SPNAs, differing from each other qualitatively and quantitatively, have developed in the Russian Federation subjects. The experience of creating SPNA networks in the steppe subjects of the Russian Federation is examined using the example of one of the key steppe regions of the Russian Federation, namely, Rostov oblast. The ideas for territorial nature protection in this region emerged in the early 20th century, and there are still great possibilities to modernize and optimize the nature reserve fund. It is shown that the nature reserve fund of any region should encompass all the natural diversity of the territory and meet such characteristics as continuity and representativeness of the SPNA network. The article presents a brief history of environmental protection in the region. The main disadvantages of the current network of SPNAs in the region include the lack of landscape ordination of protected areas, almost complete absence of geological and geomorphological features, and the lack of toponymic indications of SPNAs with reference to the geographical names of settlements and locations. Based on well-known schemes for physical-geographical and geobotanical zoning, eight environmental protection districts have been identified, where technologies for designing SPNA networks are proposed, both as independent territorial nature conservation objects and as part of nature parks and landscape reserves of a cluster type. The need for regular landscape-ecological monitoring of the state of SPNAs, as well as limitation and regulation of recreational and tourism loads, is substantiated.
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